US2310903A - Apparatus for effecting smokeless combustion - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 9, 1943. s. WIKARSKI I APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING SMOKELESS COMBUSTION Filed Jul s, 1939 FIE-1.5

76 80/4 in dawn/a9 Patented Feb. 9, 1943 APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING SMOKELESS COMBUSTION Stefan Wikarski, Warsaw, Poland; vested in the Alien Property Custodian Application July 8, 1939, Serial No. 283,510 In Poland April 1, 1939 4 Claims.

The known apparatuses for smokeless fuel combustion in locomotive furnaces and the like do not give the desired results. Apart from their complicated, expensive construction, they are impractical by requiring involved, difficult servicing.

The present invention renders possible the construction of smoke-burning apparatuses which completely eliminate smoke during fuel combustion, are simple and inexpensive in construction, and are easy to operate.

One form of smoke-burning apparatus constructed according to the invention is illustrated in the enclosed drawing.

Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a steam control device embodying the invention.

Fig. 2 is a view schematically showing the location of the secondary air blowers, the steam control device and the piping on the face of the furnace.

Fig. 3 is a cross section of a steam supplying device for the utilization of spent steam.

The steam control device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is adapted for automatic and manual operation of the secondary air blowers 8 and the boiler blower and also serves to regulate the flow of steam into the air blowers and boiler blower in accordance with the kind of fuel used. The air blowers 8 are operated by means of the steam pipes I8, branching from the pipe l8, connected through the steam control device and the pipe IS with the boiler (Fig. 2). The steam control device comprises six chambers 20, 2|, 22, 23, 24, 25, an automatic valve 26, 21, 28, three handoperated valves 29, 30, 3| and a return valve 32. The chamber 25 is connected by means of the pipe 33 with the steam chest of the engine; a connection also exists between the chamber 24 and the boiler blower by means of the pipe 34.

Live steam enters through the pipe I 9 into the primary chamber 20 from which passages lead to the central chamber 23 and to the chamber 2|. The passage into the chamber 2| is closed by the valve 29. Upon opening this valve the steam passes through chamber 2| and the pipe l8 into the air blowers. When running on an opened throttle, valve 29 is opened by hand each time fuel is stoked and is left opened until the new layer of fuel reaches a glowing stage; it may also be left partially open when heavily smoking coal is used.

While the throttle is open the passage to the central chamber 23 is closed by the plug 26 of the automatic valve. This plug is forced upward by the pressure of steam acting upon the plug base or heel 21, the steam being admitted by the pipe 33 connected to the steam chest.

When the throttle is closed the pressure under the heel 21 decreases to below atmospheric pressure thus causing the plug 26 to drop. Live steam at boiler pressure then enters from the primary chamber 29 through the opened plug 26 into the central chamber 23, from which it passes through two passages, to wit, through the opened hand-operated valve 3|, the chamber 24 and the pipe 34 into the boiler blower for the purpose of maintaining a draft in the fire-box; also through the opened hand-operated valve 30, the chamber 22, the return valve 32, chamber 2|, pipe l8 and its branches l8 into the secondary air blowers 8. The object of the return valve 32 is to close the connection between chambers 2| and 22 and thus cut off the flow of steam into the air blowers through the permanently opened valves 30 and 3| when steam is admitted to the secondary air blowers through the valve 29 after stoking fuel while the throttle is opened.

The principal parts of the automatic valve are: the plug 26 having a small diameter, the heel 21 having a relatively large diameter and an adjusting means 28 whereby the movement of the plug 26 is regulated. Boiler pressure acting upon the plug 25 tends to force it open. The difference in the diameter of the body of the plug 26 and its heel 21 is such that the opening of the plug takes place only when the space under the heel, connected with the steam-chest, is relieved of pressure by the closing of the throttle.

When the throttle is opened the pressure of steam from the steam-chest upon the heel 21 forces the plug into its seat.

The adjusting means 28 terminates'in a head 28' which, when its stem is screw-threaded in, impinges upon the heel 21 and prevents the plug 26 from opening. This is necessary when the engine is idle for a longer period of time and the fuel is not smoking, at which time pressure in the boiler would be uselessly increased by the uninterrupted action of the apparatus. If when desired the plug 26 fails to open for any reason (for example owing to soilage) the stem of the adjusting means 28 is screw-threaded out; the head 28 then engages the abutment of the heel 21 and opens the plug. By setting the adjusting means so that the head 28 attains a desired distance from the bottom of the heel 21, the movement of the plug 25 can be regulated and through it the amount of steam for activating the secondary air blowers and the boiler blower.

The valves 39 and 3| permit of freely adjusting the working capacity of the air blowers relatively to the boiler blower. I By opening the valve 3| of the boiler blower more fully, more steam will enter that blower and a lesser quantity to the secondary air blowers. The opposite takes place when the secondary air-blower valve is opened more fully. By means of these valves either the secondary air blowers or the boiler blower can be shut off.

The apparatus constructed according to the present invention may also be arranged to utilize spent steam. To this end steam is admitted into the steam control device through the pipe 35' (Fig. 3) by means of a steam supplying device which is connected with the boiler through the pipe 19 and with the source of spent steam through the pipe 35. If pressure exists in the steam chest the plug 36 is forced downwards, thus closing the inlet of fresh steam connected with the pipe I i! and permitting the flow of spent steam from the pipe 35 through the opening 3'! into the pipe 35. If there is no pressure in the steam box fresh steam acting upon the lower end of the plug forces the plug 36 upwards, permitting fresh steam to flow from the pipe l9 through the chamber 33 into the pipe 35.

Having now described my invention. what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In apparatus for smokeless fuel combustion in locomotive furnaces and the like wherein are provided, a steam chest, a steam operated boiler blower and steam operated preheated air blowers; a steam control device which includes a casing having a primary chamber having an entrance for steam under pressure, a central chamber, a port between said primary chamber and said central chamber, an automatic valve controlling said port, a chamber having an inlet adapted for connection with the steam chest of the locomotive and into which chamber said automatic valve extends for seating operation under steam chest pressure, said casing having two additional chambers each having a port communicating with said central chamber, a manually operable valve for each of said last named ports, one of said additional chambers having an inlet adapted for connection with the boiler blower, said casing having a sixth chamber provided with a port for connection to the preheated air blowers and having a port for communication with said primary chamber and a port for communication with the second of said two additional chambers, a manually operable valve controlling passage through the port between said sixth chamber and said primary chamber, and a spring closed valve in said sixth chamber for the port between that chamber and the second of said two additional chambers.

2. In apparatus for smokeless fuel combustion in locomotive furnaces and the like wherein are provided, a steam chest, a steam operated boiler blower and steam operated preheated air blowers: a steam control device which includes a casing having a primary chamber having an entrance for steam under pressure, a central chamber, a port between said primary chamber and said central chamber, an automatic valve controlling said port. a chamber having an inlet adapted for connection with the steam chest of the locomotive and into which chamber said automatic valve extends for seating operation under steam chest pressure, said casing having two additional chambers each having a port communicating with said central chamber, a manually operable valve for each of said last named ports, one of said additional chambers having an inlet adapted for connection with the boiler blower, said casing having a sixth chamber provided with a port for connection to the preheated air blowers and having a port for communication with said primary chamber and a port for communication with-the second of said two additional chambers, a manually operable valve controlling passage through the port between said sixth chamber and said primary chamber, a spring closed valve in said sixth chamber for the port between that chamber and the second of said two additional chambers, and an adjusting means for regulating the movement of said automatic valve.

3. In apparatus for smokeless fuel combustion in locomotive furnaces and the like wherein are provided, a steam chest, a steam operated boiler blower and steam operated preheated air blowers; a steam control device which includes a casing having a primary chamber having an entrance for steam under pressure, a central chamber, a port between said primary chamber and said central chamber, an automatic valve controlling said port, a chamber having an inlet adapted for connection with the steam chest of the locomotive and into which chamber said automatic valve extends for seating operation under steam chest pressure, said casing having two additional chambers each having a port communicating with said central chamber, a manually operable valve for each of said last named ports, one of said additional chambers having an inlet adapted for connection with the boiler blower, said casing having a sixth chamber provided with a port for connection to the preheated air blowers and having a port for communication with said primary chamber and a port for communication with the second of said two additional chambers, a manually operable valve controlling passage through the port between said sixth chamber and said primary chamber, a ring closed valve in said sixth chamber for the port between that chamber a the second of said two additional chambers, and means cooperatively connected with the entrance of said primary chamber for admitting spent steam into said primary chamber.

4, In apparatus for smokeless fuel combustion in locomotive furnaces and the like wherein are provided, a steam chest, a steam operated boiler blower and steam operated preheated air blowers; a steam control device which includes a casing having a primary chamber having an entrance for steam under pressure, a central chamber, a port between said primary chamber and said central chamber, an automatic valve controlling said port. a chamber having an inlet adapted for connection with the steam chest of the locomotive and into which chamber said automatic valve extends for seating operation under steam chest pressure, said casing having two additional chambers each having a port communicating with said central chamber, a manually operable valve for each of said last named ports, one of said additional chambers having an inlet adapted for connection with the boiler blower, said casing. having a sixth chamber provided with a port for connection to the preheated air blowers and having a port for communication with said primary chamber and a port for communication with the second of said two additional chambers, a manually operable valve controlling passage through the port between said sixth chamber and said primary chamber, a spring closed valve in said sixth chamber for the port between that chamber and the second of said two additional chambers, and means cooperatively connected with the entrance of said primary chamber for admitting spent steam into said primary chamber, said last named means comprising an automatic valve device including a shiftable valve for passing either live steam or spent steam to said primary chamber, the said shiftable valve being shiftable in one direction by live steam pressure and in the opposite direction by spent steam pressure.

S. WIKARSKI.

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