Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
  • C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
  • C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D9/10—Salts
  • C11D9/14—Phosphates; Polyphosphates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/007—Soaps or soap mixtures with well defined chain length

Definitions

• This invention relates to improvements in soap and soap products and has for its main object to provide soap and soap products having improved hard water characteristics.
• saturated fatty acids having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the molecule tend to have an adverse effect upon the soap products, this effect being the greater the higher the molecular weight, so that if the saturated acids consist substantially of palmitic or stearic acid or both these acids, the proportion in the fatty acid mixture must not exceed about 20 per cent.
• arachidic (20 carbon atoms), behenic r 22 carbon atoms) and lignoceric (24 carbon atoms) acids It has been found that not only may these fatty acids be present in larger quantities than palmitic and stearic acid, but that their presence within certain limits actually enhances the clarity of the soap solution and even-allows of the incorporation of larger quantities of saturated fatty acidshaving 18 C atoms or less in the molecule.
• soap- ⁇ products described in the above-mentioned specifications contain certain quantities of phosphates
• the addition of phosphates is not necessarily required in the case of soaps derived from fatty acids which comprise acids containing at least 20 C atoms in the molecule as more particularly described below.
• the invention consists in a process for the manufacture of soaps or soap products in a form which will ensure rapid solution in water, in which the soaps are derived from fatty acids containing from 10 to 30 per cent. of saturated acids having more than 18 C atoms in the molecule, at least 30 per cent. of unsaturated acids, and not more than 30 per cent. of palmitic acid or of a mixture of palmitic and stearic acids whereof the stearic. acid does not exceed about 15 per cent. of the total fatty acids in the soap, any other saturated acids present being of lower molecular weight than palmitic acid. 7
• the soaps and soap products In order to ensure rapid solution in water, the soaps and soap products must be in a finely divided form such as powder flakes, threads, parings, puffed granules, pellets or the like.
• the phosphates which can be used are the orthophosphates, pyrophosphates, polyphosphates and metaphosphates of sodium and. mixtures thereof.
• orthophosphates pyrophosphates
• polyphosphates polyphosphates
• metaphosphates sodium and. mixtures thereof.
• monosodium dihydrogen phosphate owing to its acid reaction is incompatible with soaps unless used in very small quantities, but can be employed in conjunction with caustic soda or other suitable alkaline reacting substance, in which case, of course, its use is equivalent to the use of the disodium or trisodium phosphate.
• phosphates preferably to be incorporated are largely dependent upon the composition of the soap and may also vary according to the nature of the product desired. It has been found that as a general rule the following ratios of phosphate (calculated as anhydrous salt) to fatty acid have given very satisfactory results:
• Orthophosphate to fatty acid from 1:10 to 1:4 Pyrophosphate to fatty acid, from 1:10 'to 1:4 Polyphosphate to fatty acid, from 1:4 to 1:2 Met-aphosphate to fatty acid, from 1:4 to 1:2
• saturated fatty acids having more than 18 C atoms in the molecule depends to some extent on their molecular weight, the .acids having 22 to 24 C atoms being somewhat more efficient than acids having 20 C atoms; (2) the adverse effect of saturated acids having from 12 to 18 C atoms in the molecule increases considerably with the molecular weight, being only slight in the case of lauric acid, but very pronounced in the case of stearic acid. The higher the molecular weight of the saturated fatty acids present the lower should be the proportion in the mixture.
• a small proportion of rosin can be included in the fatty acid mixtures.
• Examples 1 Fifty parts of groundnut oil, 25 parts of palm oil, parts of rosin and 20 parts of the higher fraction obtained in the distillation of fatty acids made from hardened herring oil, which fraction consists substantially of behenic acid (two thirds) and lignoceric acid (one third), is converted into soap, and to 80 parts of the soap in the molten condition are added 15 parts of hydrated disodium monohydrogen phosphate and 5 parts of hydrated trisodium phosphate. The mixture is spray-dried in the known mannor to produce a free-flowing powder.
• Example 5 Eighty parts of liquid soap of the composition mentioned in Example 4 are mixed with 12 parts of hydrated disodium phosphate and 8 parts of hydrated trisodium phosphate and the mixture is blown into air in the known manner to produce a free-flowing powder.
• a soap product having improved hard water characteristics comprising a water-soluble soap of a mixture of soap forming fatty acids, said soap forming fatty acids comprising about 10 to of saturated acids having more than 18 carbon atoms, at least about 30% of unsaturated acids, not more than 30% of a mixture or palmitic and stearic acids whereof the stearic acid does not exceed 15% of the total fatty acids, and any other saturated acids present being of lower molecular weight than palmitic acid, said soap product being in a solid finely divided form to insure rapid solution in water, whereby said soap product may be dissolved in hard water without substantial precipitation of insoluble soaps;
• a soap product having improved hard water characteristics comprising a water soluble soap-of a mixture of soap forming fatty acids, said soap forming fatty acids comprising about 10 to 30% of saturated acids having more than 18 carbon atoms, at least about 30% of unsaturated acids, not more than 30% of a mixture of palmitic and stearic acids whereof thestearic acid does not exceed 15% of the total fatty acids, and any other saturated acids present being of lower molecular weight than palmitic acid: and an by Weight 1 part of an alkali-metal phosphate selected from the group consisting of alkaline-reacting orthophosphates, pyrophosphates, polyphosphates and metaphosphates, the amount of said orthophosphates and pyrophosphates calculated as an anhydrous salt being 1 part to 4 to 10 parts by weight of the fatty acids in said soap, the amount of said polyphosphate and metaphosphates calculated as an anhydrous salt being 1 part by weight to 2 to 4 parts of the fatty acids in said soap, said soap product
• a soap product having improved hard water characteristics comprising a water soluble soap of a mixture of soap forming fatty acids, said soap forming fatty acids comprising about 10 to 30% of saturated acids having more than 18 carbon atoms, at least about 30% of unsaturated acids, not more than 30% of a.
• a soap product having improved hard water characteristics comprising a water soluble soap of a mixture of soap forming fatty acids, said soap forming fatty acids comprising about 10 to 30% of saturated acids having more than 18 carbon atoms, at least about 30% of unsaturated acids, not more than 30% of a mixture of palmitic and stearic acids whereof the stearic acid does not exceed 15% of the total fatty acids acids present being of lower molecular weight than palmitic acid, and
• soap product calculated as an anhydrous salt to 4 to 10 alkali-metal pyrophosparts of the fatty acids in said soap, said soap product being in a solid finely divided form to insure rapid solution in water, whereby said soap product may be dissolved in hard water without stearic acid does not exceed 15% of the total fatty acids and any other saturated acids present being of lower molecular weight than palmitic acid, and by weight 1 part of an alkali-metal polyphosphate calculated as an anhydrous salt to 2 to 4 parts of the fatty acids in said soap, said soap product being in a solid finely divided form to insure rapid solution in water, whereby said soap product may be dissolved in hard water without substantial precipitation of insoluble soaps.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (3)

• 0
  • BE BE437050D patent/BE437050A/xx unknown
• 1938
  • 1938-11-22 GB GB33915/38A patent/GB521566A/en not_active Expired
• 1939
  • 1939-11-09 CH CH221020D patent/CH221020A/de unknown
  • 1939-11-20 FR FR861761D patent/FR861761A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1939-11-22 US US305728A patent/US2310475A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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