US2308700A - Method of treating fabricated tungsten wires or rods - Google Patents
Method of treating fabricated tungsten wires or rods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2308700A US2308700A US404649A US40464941A US2308700A US 2308700 A US2308700 A US 2308700A US 404649 A US404649 A US 404649A US 40464941 A US40464941 A US 40464941A US 2308700 A US2308700 A US 2308700A
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- Prior art keywords
- tungsten
- rods
- ductile
- fabricated
- grain structure
- Prior art date
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 61
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 56
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001691 amnion Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- My invention relates to a method of treatin fabricated tungsten wires or rods to improve their grain structure and is a continuation in part of p my copending application, Serial No. 295,259 filed September 16. 1939, which has matured into Patent No. 2,258,992. It also relates to a method of treating fabricated ductile tungsten wires or rodsto provide lead-in wires or electrodes having an improved grain structure.
- tungsten oxide in a substantially pure state is reduced in an atmosphere of hydrogen or by the carbon reduction process, pressed into ingots and after presintering to permit handling. is heated by an electrical current to a temperature somewhat below its melting point to render it coherent.
- the tungsten metal as thus produced is fabricated into the form of ductile wires or rods by working when hot, such as by drawing or swaging, and it is to be understood that when the term "fabricated ductile tungsten" is used in the specification and claims it refers totungsten which has been heated to a sufliciently high temperature to render it coherent and which has been fabricated sumciently as by forging, drawing or swaging when hot to render it ductile.
- ductile tungsten wires or rods formed in such manner have been utilized exthe efllciency of the tube.
- ductile tungsten wires or rods are utilized as electrodes for atomic hydrogen welding, they are inherently flexible and bend during handling and consequently are not as desirable for maintaining a constant space between the arc ends of the electrodes asstraight nonbend rods.
- Another object of my invention is to provide an improved process of preparing nonbend rods having an improved grain structure.
- a further object of my invention is to provide an improved process of producing rods or/wires from fabricated ductile tungsten having a dispersed grain structure in which the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than thosein fabricated ductile tungsten.
- a still further object of my invention is to provide an improved process :of producing electrodes having an improved grain structure from fabricated ductile tungsten.
- Fig. 1* is a fabricated ductile tungsten rod formed by a drawing or swaging operation
- Fig. 2 is partiallyan elevational and partially a cross sectional view of the rod shown in Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale, the cross sectional portion showing diagrammatically the laminated grain structure of the tungsten;
- Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig, 2, showing dia-' grammatically the grain structure of the tungsten after my improved treating process;
- Fig. 4 is an elevational view of a nonbend wire or rod which has been treated bymy improved process
- Fig. 5 is an enlarged view partially in cross sec- J tion of a tungsten rod and a glassbead formed shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2.
- a wire or rod formed of the tungsten metal may be bent into any desired form as thereon, showing the grain structure of the tungsten after my improved treating process.
- the tungsten rod is fabricated in the usual manner, that is by heating the reduced and presintered metal to a temperature slightly below its melting point to pre- -pare an ingot which isworked into the form of a rod or wire' by forg n drawing or swaging. as shown in Fig. lin which the laminated grain structure runs longitudinally with the rod as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawing. In such cases. however. the diameter of the rod must not exceed .093 of an inch as tungsten. rods having a larger diameter cannot be bent.
- the rods or wires, thus formed, are placed inv a container which is capable of resisting the heat required.
- a container which is capable of resisting the heat required.
- a container formed of tungsten or molybdenum
- a nonoxidizing atmosphere such as hydrogen, although other nonoxidizing or inert gases may be employed, such as nitrogen,
- tungsten rod in its fabricated ductile state a temperature of 900 to 1400' C. in a nonoxidizing atmosphere for sufficient time to cause sumcient dispersion of the grain structure of the tungsten to render it nonductile and to provide a substantially uniformly dispersed tungsten grain structure throughout the length of the wire or electrode in which the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than in standard ductile tungsten.
- glass bead [0 may be formed upon the rod ll which is then inserted as a lead-in wire in the tube, the glass of the tube being fused to the beading in the usual manner.
- the time of treatment is of course dependent upon the temperature and the thickness of the wire or rod and generally ranges from about ten to forty minutes, a longer time being required for wires or rods having larger diameters or when the temperature is low.
- the treatment should be continued, however, until the metal loses its ductility and the grain structure is uniformly dispersed and-in order to obtain dispersion of the metal without causing increased grain size, the temperatureshould preferably be maintained below 1400" C. and must be maintained below 1600 C. which is considerably lower than the temperature normally existing in the filaments of incandescent lamps.
- 1 preferably treat the wire at a temperature of 1230' to 1260 C. for a period of approximately fifteen minutes. Rods or electrodes treated by my improved process will not split and consequently leakage or fusion of air or gases through the rod or electrode is eliminated..
- the method of treating fabricated ductile tungsten wires of rods which comprises heating a tungsten wire or rod in its fabricated ductile state at a temperature of 900 to 1400 C. in a nonoxidizing atmosphere for sufficient time to cause sufficient dispersion of the grain structure of the tungsten to render it nonductile and to provide i a substantially uniformly dispersed tungsten grain structure in which the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than in standard ductile tungsten.
- the method of treating fabricated ductile tungsten rods or wires which comprises heating the tungsten wire or rod in its fabricated ductile state at a temperature of 1200 to 1400 C. in a nonoxidizing'atmosphere for suflicient time to cause sufllcient dispersion in the grain structure of the tungsten to render it nonductile and to provide a substantially uniformly dispersed tungsten grain structure in which the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than in standard ductile tungsten.
- the method of forming lead-in wires or electrodes which comprises heating a ductile and heating it at a temperature of 900 to 1400' C. in a nonoxldizing atmosphere for sumcient .time to cause sumcient dispersion in the grain structure of the tungsten to render it nonductile and to provide a substantially uniformly dispersed tungsten grain structure throughout the length of the wire or rod in which, the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than in standard ductile tungsten.
- nonbend rods which comprises bending a fabricated ductile tungsten rod into the desired shape and heating it at a temperature of 1200' to 1400 C. in a honoridizing atmosphere for sumcient time to cause sufiicient dispersion of the grain structure of the tungsten to render it nonductile and to provide a substantially uniformly dispersed tungsten grain structure throughout the length of the wire or rod'in which the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than in standard ductile tungsten.
- Themethod oftreating fabricated ductile tungsten wires or rods which comprises heating a tungsten wire or rod in its fabricated ductile state at a temperature of 900 to 1400' C. in a nonoxidizing atmosphere for sufficient time to cause suificient dispersion of the grain structure of the tungsten to'render it nonductile and to provide a substantiall uniformly dispersed grain structure of the tungsten throughout the length of the wire or rod in which the size of the tungsten grains is not substantially larger than in,
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Description
Jan. 19, 1943. w. E. MANSFIELD 2,308,700
METHOD OF TREATING FABRICATED TUNGSTEN WIRES OR RODS Filed July so, 1941 INVENTOR am E.Mansfield ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 19, 1943 UNITED STATES I PATENT oFFlca amnion or rename ranarcs'ran runcsmwmns on aons wimsm 1:. mass. Guile Heights. 01110,
Tungsten,
signor to Cleveland tion of Ohio Inc, a corpora- Application m 1941, Serial No. 404.049
1 mums. (Cl. ua-iss) My invention relates to a method of treatin fabricated tungsten wires or rods to improve their grain structure and is a continuation in part of p my copending application, Serial No. 295,259 filed September 16. 1939, which has matured into Patent No. 2,258,992. It also relates to a method of treating fabricated ductile tungsten wires or rodsto provide lead-in wires or electrodes having an improved grain structure.
In the usual method of preparing fabricated ductile tungsten wires or rods, tungsten oxide in a substantially pure state is reduced in an atmosphere of hydrogen or by the carbon reduction process, pressed into ingots and after presintering to permit handling. is heated by an electrical current to a temperature somewhat below its melting point to render it coherent. The tungsten metal as thus produced is fabricated into the form of ductile wires or rods by working when hot, such as by drawing or swaging, and it is to be understood that when the term "fabricated ductile tungsten" is used in the specification and claims it refers totungsten which has been heated to a sufliciently high temperature to render it coherent and which has been fabricated sumciently as by forging, drawing or swaging when hot to render it ductile.
Fabricated ductile tungsten wires or rods formed in such manner have been utilized exthe efllciency of the tube. when ductile tungsten wires or rods are utilized as electrodes for atomic hydrogen welding, they are inherently flexible and bend during handling and consequently are not as desirable for maintaining a constant space between the arc ends of the electrodes asstraight nonbend rods.
It is the aim of the present invention to provide an improved method of'treating fabricated ductile wires or rods to improve their grain structure.
Another object of my invention is to provide an improved process of preparing nonbend rods having an improved grain structure.
A further object of my invention is to provide an improved process of producing rods or/wires from fabricated ductile tungsten having a dispersed grain structure in which the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than thosein fabricated ductile tungsten.
- A still further object of my invention is to provide an improved process :of producing electrodes having an improved grain structure from fabricated ductile tungsten.
My invention will be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. 1* is a fabricated ductile tungsten rod formed by a drawing or swaging operation;
Fig. 2 is partiallyan elevational and partially a cross sectional view of the rod shown in Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale, the cross sectional portion showing diagrammatically the laminated grain structure of the tungsten;
Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig, 2, showing dia-' grammatically the grain structure of the tungsten after my improved treating process;
Fig. 4 is an elevational view of a nonbend wire or rod which has been treated bymy improved process; and Fig. 5 is an enlarged view partially in cross sec- J tion of a tungsten rod and a glassbead formed shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2. However, if desired, a wire or rod formed of the tungsten metal may be bent into any desired form as thereon, showing the grain structure of the tungsten after my improved treating process.
According to my invention. the tungsten rod is fabricated in the usual manner, that is by heating the reduced and presintered metal to a temperature slightly below its melting point to pre- -pare an ingot which isworked into the form of a rod or wire' by forg n drawing or swaging. as shown in Fig. lin which the laminated grain structure runs longitudinally with the rod as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawing. In such cases. however. the diameter of the rod must not exceed .093 of an inch as tungsten. rods having a larger diameter cannot be bent.
The rods or wires, thus formed, are placed inv a container which is capable of resisting the heat required. such as a container formed of tungsten or molybdenum, and are heated to a temperature of 900 to 1600" C. in a nonoxidizing atmosphere, such as hydrogen, although other nonoxidizing or inert gases may be employed, such as nitrogen,
a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, ammonia or the like. As a result of this treatment the grain structure of the tun sten is dispersed as shown in Fig. 3 without substantially increasing the 1600 C. because when the rod is heated above" 1600" C. the tungsten grains increase insize k which causes the metal to become brittle.
tungsten rod in its fabricated ductile state a temperature of 900 to 1400' C. in a nonoxidizing atmosphere for sufficient time to cause sumcient dispersion of the grain structure of the tungsten to render it nonductile and to provide a substantially uniformly dispersed tungsten grain structure throughout the length of the wire or electrode in which the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than in standard ductile tungsten. J
. 4. The method of forming nonbend wires or rods which comprises bending a fabricated ductile tungsten wire or rod into the desired shave To form an electrode for tubes or the like, a 1
glass bead [0 may be formed upon the rod ll which is then inserted as a lead-in wire in the tube, the glass of the tube being fused to the beading in the usual manner.
The time of treatment is of course dependent upon the temperature and the thickness of the wire or rod and generally ranges from about ten to forty minutes, a longer time being required for wires or rods having larger diameters or when the temperature is low. The treatment should be continued, however, until the metal loses its ductility and the grain structure is uniformly dispersed and-in order to obtain dispersion of the metal without causing increased grain size, the temperatureshould preferably be maintained below 1400" C. and must be maintained below 1600 C. which is considerably lower than the temperature normally existing in the filaments of incandescent lamps.
In treating ordinary electrodes for vacuum or gas-filled tubes, 1 preferably treat the wire at a temperature of 1230' to 1260 C. for a period of approximately fifteen minutes. Rods or electrodes treated by my improved process will not split and consequently leakage or fusion of air or gases through the rod or electrode is eliminated..
What I claim is:
1. The method of treating fabricated ductile tungsten wires of rods which comprises heating a tungsten wire or rod in its fabricated ductile state at a temperature of 900 to 1400 C. in a nonoxidizing atmosphere for sufficient time to cause sufficient dispersion of the grain structure of the tungsten to render it nonductile and to provide i a substantially uniformly dispersed tungsten grain structure in which the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than in standard ductile tungsten.
2. The method of treating fabricated ductile tungsten rods or wires which comprises heating the tungsten wire or rod in its fabricated ductile state at a temperature of 1200 to 1400 C. in a nonoxidizing'atmosphere for suflicient time to cause sufllcient dispersion in the grain structure of the tungsten to render it nonductile and to provide a substantially uniformly dispersed tungsten grain structure in which the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than in standard ductile tungsten.
3. The method of forming lead-in wires or electrodes which comprises heating a ductile and heating it at a temperature of 900 to 1400' C. in a nonoxldizing atmosphere for sumcient .time to cause sumcient dispersion in the grain structure of the tungsten to render it nonductile and to provide a substantially uniformly dispersed tungsten grain structure throughout the length of the wire or rod in which, the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than in standard ductile tungsten.
5. The method of forming nonbend rods which comprises bending a fabricated ductile tungsten rod into the desired shape and heating it at a temperature of 1200' to 1400 C. in a honoridizing atmosphere for sumcient time to cause sufiicient dispersion of the grain structure of the tungsten to render it nonductile and to provide a substantially uniformly dispersed tungsten grain structure throughout the length of the wire or rod'in which the tungsten grains are not substantially larger than in standard ductile tungsten.
6. Themethod oftreating fabricated ductile tungsten wires or rods which comprises heating a tungsten wire or rod in its fabricated ductile state at a temperature of 900 to 1400' C. in a nonoxidizing atmosphere for sufficient time to cause suificient dispersion of the grain structure of the tungsten to'render it nonductile and to provide a substantiall uniformly dispersed grain structure of the tungsten throughout the length of the wire or rod in which the size of the tungsten grains is not substantially larger than in,
and heating it at a temperature of 900 to 1400 Y C. in a nonoxidizing atmosphere for .sumcient time to cause sumcient dispersion in the grain structure of the tungsten'to render it nonductile and to provide a substantially uniformly dispersed grain structure of the tungsten throughout the length ofthe wire or rod in which the size of the tungsten grains is not substantially larger than in standard ductile tungsten, a sufficient time of treatment being dependent upon the temperautre and thickness of the wireor rod and being of the order of approximately ten to forty minutes.
W E. MANSFELD.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US404649A US2308700A (en) | 1941-07-30 | 1941-07-30 | Method of treating fabricated tungsten wires or rods |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US404649A US2308700A (en) | 1941-07-30 | 1941-07-30 | Method of treating fabricated tungsten wires or rods |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2308700A true US2308700A (en) | 1943-01-19 |
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ID=23600468
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US404649A Expired - Lifetime US2308700A (en) | 1941-07-30 | 1941-07-30 | Method of treating fabricated tungsten wires or rods |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US2308700A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2809140A (en) * | 1953-01-22 | 1957-10-08 | Gen Electric | Method of treating tungsten filaments |
| US2892924A (en) * | 1959-06-30 | Electrode for melting and arc welding | ||
| US3146134A (en) * | 1961-09-18 | 1964-08-25 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of forming tungsten shapes from sprayed metal preforms and the articles resulting therefrom |
| EP0073384A1 (en) * | 1981-08-27 | 1983-03-09 | GTE Products Corporation | Frangible tungsten penetrator |
| US5432997A (en) * | 1994-02-07 | 1995-07-18 | Ni; Jian M. | Method of making an elongated welding electrode |
| US11393327B2 (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2022-07-19 | Alarm.Com Incorporated | Method for allowing drone activity to modify event detection by a monitoring system |
-
1941
- 1941-07-30 US US404649A patent/US2308700A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2892924A (en) * | 1959-06-30 | Electrode for melting and arc welding | ||
| US2809140A (en) * | 1953-01-22 | 1957-10-08 | Gen Electric | Method of treating tungsten filaments |
| US3146134A (en) * | 1961-09-18 | 1964-08-25 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of forming tungsten shapes from sprayed metal preforms and the articles resulting therefrom |
| EP0073384A1 (en) * | 1981-08-27 | 1983-03-09 | GTE Products Corporation | Frangible tungsten penetrator |
| US5432997A (en) * | 1994-02-07 | 1995-07-18 | Ni; Jian M. | Method of making an elongated welding electrode |
| US11393327B2 (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2022-07-19 | Alarm.Com Incorporated | Method for allowing drone activity to modify event detection by a monitoring system |
| US11908309B2 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2024-02-20 | Alarm.Com Incorporated | Method for allowing drone activity to modify event detection by a monitoring system |
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