US2305414A

US2305414A - Electric switch

Info

Publication number: US2305414A
Application number: US423411A
Authority: US
Inventors: Walter H Gerisch
Original assignee: General Electric Co
Current assignee: General Electric Co
Priority date: 1941-12-18
Filing date: 1941-12-18
Publication date: 1942-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 1959-12-15

Description

D. 15; 1942. w. H. GERISCH ELECTRIC SWITCH Fil'ed Dec. 18, 1941' Ii'lvevjbor Walter GeT-isch, Las JV e,

His Attorney.

meneame. 15, '1942"v ELECTRIC SWITCH Walter H. Gerlach, North Bergen, N. J., assignor to General Electric Co New York l mpany, a corporation of Application December 18, Y1941, Serial No. 423,411

s claims. (ci. zoo- 152) The present invention relates to circuit closers or switches of the type having an envelope which contains a `quantity of a liquid contact medium such as mercury arranged to complete and interrupt a circuit between the terminals of the circuit closer. l

It is a primarypbject of the invention to provide improved switches of the type specified above and more particularly to provide a construction which is adapted to avoid circuit interruption while the switch is in closed position regardless of the operating conditions to which the switch may be subjected. I

It is a further and more particular object to provide a liquid contact switch of the multipart enclosure type which cannot be open-circuited vinerely b y being exposed to shocks and jars.

It is a still further object to provide a switch of the so-called mercury button construction which is especially adapted for use as a safety overturn switch or the like. e

For an explanation of the invention attention is. directed to the accompanying description and the appended drawing. In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a switch which embodies the invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2 2' of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a further sectional view.

taken online 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig; 4 is a perspective of one of the elements of the switch 'of Fig. l; and Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate two alternative open-circuit positions of the switch.

The circuit closer illustrated in the drawing has an envelope I containing a limited quantity of mercury 2. The major portion of the envelope comprises opposed straight-drawn cup-

shaped metal terminals

3, 3 juxtaposed to form an enclosed space between them. Between the terminals is a diaphragm or barrier 4 of insulating (e. g., ceramic) material having an aperture 5 Ythereinthrough which the mercury extends in order to complete a circuit between the

terminals

3, 3. When the circuit closer is in the position illustrated, the conducting path between the tertaining low resistance conditions in the circuit closer, are shown at 3'.

The opening 5 is located in the barrier 4 just below the center thereof, andthe level of the mercury in the closed position of the switch is at about the center of the opening. Metal bames 1, 1 (for example, of steel) are arranged between 'the' barrier 4 and the terminals' 3, 3, each baille extending across the face of the barrier about at the center ,of the opening 5. The bailles are formed with transversely extending ring-shaped parts 'l' (Fig. 4) by which theycan be welded to the respective cup-

shaped members

3, 3. Each baille nts into an appropriately located slot formed in one surface of the barrier 4, but the op posed edges of the baffles are materially spaced within the confines ofthe aperture 5.

As a result of the described arrangement, wavemotion of the mercury produced by shocks and jars to which the switch may be subjected is reduced to a level at which it can hardly cause an accidental opening of the switch circuit. This is a consequence not only4 of the wave-limiting action of the baffles themselves but also of the fact that any splashing which tends to occur within the connes of the aperture 5 is impeded and minimized by the solid surfaces bounding the aperture. The effect then, as far as sporadically generated wavesare concerned, is substantially that of a continuous baille extending over the entire surface of the mercury.

On the otherhand, the

bailies

1, 1 are found to interfere only -to a negligible degree with the normal functioning of the switch when usedin its intended manner. This is attributable mainly to the fact that the baille elements, when positioned as specified, do not to any-material degree impede the glow of mercury through and from the aperture 5. Thus, when the switch is tilted, for example, into the open-circuitposition illustrated in Fig. 5, the mercury in the .fright-f. hand portion of the switch is able to, owifieel'y, into the space above ythe left-hand baille, the. courseof flow being indicated by the arrows'fi in Fig. l. cury. the circuit between the switch'te As a result of this motion of the..

cases. many uses of the switch.

The characteristics of the switch :described above are such as to make it well for-'ff use as a safety overturn device for electricappl'iances and for the ignition and lighting-circuits of automotive vehicles andthe like. In'the lati i cuit-interruption is assured regardless of whether the switch is tilted on its side or completely reversed as in the case of a 180 overturn of the vehicle or other apparatus with which the switch is associated. The latter circumstance is illustrated by Fig. 6, which shows the switch in the condition which it assumes when it is turned upside down from the position illustrated -in Fig. 1.

, Obviously, the higher numbered iigure indicates an interruption of any circuit with which the switch is associated. The switch may be brought into open-circuit position by suilicient rotation about any horizontal axis.

A charge of hydrogen ranging in pressure from about one atmosphere to much higher pressures may advantageously be employed in connection with a switch such as that illustrated. Such hydrogen may be introduced into the switch during the manufacturing process through an opening 9, provided in the metal member 3. This opening is', thereafter sealed, preferably by fusion Welding a closure member i0 therein, for example, in accordance with the procedure described and claimed in John H. Payne Patent 2,141,932, issued December 27, 1938. Alternatively,. the switch may be evacuated or air filled, as desired, and may also having a filling of air and hydrogen mixture.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A switch including spaced terminals, an apertured circuit-interrupting barrier positioned between the terminals, a quantity of liquid contact medium electrically connecting said terminals through the aperture in said barrier when the switch is in closed-circuit position, and a baille structure for limiting the motion of the medium produced by shocks and jars to which the switch may be subjected, said baille structure lying in a plane which intersects the aperture in the said barrier and having a gap at the region of the said aperture, whereby flow of the contact medium through the aperture is not materially impeded when the switch is moved/from closedcircuit position to open-circuit position.

2. An enclosed electric switch having mutually spaced terminals, a quantity of liquid contact medium within the switch, a circuit-interrupting barrier within the switch and having an aperture which is at least partially immersed in the contact medium in the closed position ofthe switch, and wave-limiting baiiles extending across the respective faces of the said barrier at about the center of the said aperture.

3. A switch including a sealed enclosure, a quantity of liquid contact material in. the enclosure, a circuit-interrupting barrier within the enclosure having an aperture for allowing the liquid contact medium to complete a circuit through the switch when the switch is in closedcircuit position, and a baille structure located approximately at the sur-face oi the liquid contact medium for limiting the motion of the medium produced by shocks to which the switch may be subjected, said baille structure/lying in a plane which intersects the aperture in the said barrier and having a gap at the region of the aperture, whereby iiow of the contact medium through the aperture is not materially impeded when the switch' is moved from closed-circuit position to perpendicularly to the barrier on both. sides oi the barrier and lying in a plane which. intersects the said aperture, said baille structure having a gap which coincides with the said aperture whereby ow of the contact medium through the aperture is not materially impeded by the baille when the switch is moved from closed-circuit position to open-circuit position.

5. An electric switch comprising a pair of cupshaped metal parts juxtaposed to form a hollow enclosure, an apertured barrier insulatingly separating the said parts, a quantity of liquid contact medium within the said enclosure for providing a continuous conducting path through the barrier aperture and between said metal parts when the switch is in its closed-circuit position, said barrier being eilective to interrupt the continuity of said path when the contact medium ows out of said aperture upon rotation of the switch to open-circuit position, and a pair of wave-limiting baiiles respectively extending from the opposite faces of the said barrier toward the said cup-shaped parts in a" plane which intersects the said aperture, 'the opposed edges oi said bailles being appreciably spaced within the confines of said aperture, whereby ow of contact medium from the aperture is lnot materially impeded by the baiiles.'

6. An electric switch comprising a pair of cupshaped metal parts juxtaposed to form a hollow enclosure, an apertured barrier insulatingly separating the said parts, liquid contact medium within the enclosure for providing a conducting path through the barrier aperture when the switch is in closed-circuit position, the barrier being effective to interrupt the said path when the contact medium flows out'of said aperture upon movement of the switch to open-circuit position, and a pair of wave-limiting bailles respectively secured to the said cup-shaped parts and extending into contact with the opposite sides of the said barrier at approximately the center of the said aperture, the opposed edges of the said bailles being appreciably spaced within the connes of the aperture, whereby iiow oi contact medium from the aperture is not materially impeded by the bailies.

WALTER H. GERISCH.