US2304059A - Nickel anode - Google Patents

Nickel anode Download PDF

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Publication number
US2304059A
US2304059A US299582A US29958239A US2304059A US 2304059 A US2304059 A US 2304059A US 299582 A US299582 A US 299582A US 29958239 A US29958239 A US 29958239A US 2304059 A US2304059 A US 2304059A
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United States
Prior art keywords
anode
nickel
anodes
carbon
silicon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US299582A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bieber Clarence George
Harry E Tschop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huntington Alloys Corp
Original Assignee
International Nickel Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL65441D priority Critical patent/NL65441C/xx
Application filed by International Nickel Co Inc filed Critical International Nickel Co Inc
Priority to US299582A priority patent/US2304059A/en
Priority to GB15344/40A priority patent/GB539180A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2304059A publication Critical patent/US2304059A/en
Priority to FR938766D priority patent/FR938766A/fr
Priority to CH264919D priority patent/CH264919A/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
    • C25D17/12—Shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode

Definitions

  • NICKEL ANODE Filed Oct. 16, 1939 A TTORNE Y Patented Dec. 8, 1942 UNITED STATES, PATENT OFFICE moxnr. snoop Clarence George Bleber and Harry E. Techop,
  • the present invention also contemplates the provision of a nickel anode having enhanced activity, uniform corrosion, a reduced tendency to produce loose nickel, and a reduced tendency to produce 'free sludge, and being capable of maintaining the desired operating pH of a nickel plating bath for greater periods of time than prior nickel anodes. 7
  • a nickel anode prepared in accordance with the principles of the present invention contains as its major constituents nickel and cobalt.
  • elements for control of sludge, loose nickel, uniformity of corrosion, and equilibrium pH,,carbon,' sulphur, silicon, copper and magnesium are present within certain critical limits and the elements manganese and iron are maintainedat as low a level as is consistent with practical operation.
  • Our improved nickel anode may have the to lowing composition:
  • the carbon content of our improved nickel anode may be controlled within the broad range of about 0.15% to about 0.35% with a preferred carbon content of about'0.20 to about 0.30. While it is old in the art to prepare nickel within the critical limits indicated hereinbefore appear to develop a .film or coating on the surface of the anode during corrosion which appears to act as a filter and collecting medium. Such a film or coating holds and retains any loose nickel or other undesirable particles which may cause rough plating.
  • the pH at which the anode containing a small amount of carbon reached its limit of activity was pH 3 while the anode containing the larger amount of carbon did not reach its limit of activity until a pH of about 3.4, as determined by, the quinhydrone electrode, was reached.
  • Carbon also-influences the behavior of the anode during corrosion by its effect on the adherence of the sludge to the surface of the anode.
  • An additional efiect of carbon which must be taken into consideration in determining the critical limits of the carbon content of a nickel anode is the fact that in the presence of excessive amounts of carbon, excessive amounts of sludge are produced whichlower the useful nickel content of the anode.
  • silicon In addition to raising the upper activity limit silicon likewise improves sludge adherence. It may be assumed that due to the gelatinous nature of the silicon combination (such as hydrated formsof $102) which is formed or preci'pitated during anode corrosion, the sludge tends to hold together in a fairly compact mass. This compact mass adheres more firmly to the surface of the anode during corrosion. This effect of silicon taken in conjunction with the sim-- ilar efiect of carbon entraps any loose nickel and other undesirable particles and reduces the tendency or, in fact, practically eliminates the tendency of free particles migrating to the cathode and producing a rough plating.
  • an anode with the silicon content within the critical limits set forth hereinbefore, it will be possible in practical operations to maintain the electroplating solution at the proper pH level without the necessity of frequent chemical checks and, consequent correction of the solution. Since it is easier to lower the pH of a solution or, in other words, make it more acid, than it is to raise the pH or make it more alkaline, it will be appreciated that it is generally desired that the equilibrium pH be slightly higher than the pH at which the solution is intended to be operated. In accordance with the principles of the present application an anode tending to maintain an equilibrium pH slightly higher than the desired operating pH of the plating solution will be selected.
  • the electrodes include both rolled and cast anodes having different percentages of carbon, iron, and copper. Nevertheless, with a silicon content practically identical in all four, the equilibrium pH is practically constant. Similarly, if the anodes, the analyses of which are tabulated as items 5 to 9 of Table VI be considered, it will be observed that for a'silicon content of from about 0.17 to about 0.20, the equilibrium pH is about 4.2- *0.1 of a pH unit, even although the carbon content, the percentage of iron and copper vary considerably.
  • the anodes maintain the equilibrium pH at about pH 3.0 i about 0.1 pH unit when the silicon content varies between about 0.27 and about 0.35% silicon, even although the carbon content varies from about 0.10% to about 0.47%.
  • items l3, l4 and 15 of Table 6 a
  • silicon content of 0.36 or more provides a nickel anode capable of maintaining an equilibrium pH of about 25:0.1 pH unit. This condition exists even in the. presence of a large variation in the carbon content. It is of interest to note in connection with anodes l3, I4 and I5 that an increase in the silicon content above about 0.36 does not affect the equilibrium pH to any great extent. This analysis of the effect upon the equilibrium pH of an electrolyte of the silicon content of a nickel anode clearly shows that in the presence of varying amounts of other elements 2.
  • control of the silicon content of the anode provides a means of controlling the equilibrium pH of the electrolyte at any determined level,
  • the electroplater to maintain his solution at the proper pH level without the necessity of frequent chemical checks of the electrolyte composition followed by correction of the solution.
  • the improved nickel anodes described hereinbefore while having compositions within the critical ranges set forth may be rolled or cast.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
US299582A 1939-10-16 1939-10-16 Nickel anode Expired - Lifetime US2304059A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL65441D NL65441C (en, 2012) 1939-10-16
US299582A US2304059A (en) 1939-10-16 1939-10-16 Nickel anode
GB15344/40A GB539180A (en) 1939-10-16 1940-10-16 Improvements in nickel anodes
FR938766D FR938766A (fr) 1939-10-16 1946-11-13 Perfectionnements aux anodes de nickel
CH264919D CH264919A (fr) 1939-10-16 1947-05-27 Anode au nickel.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US299582A US2304059A (en) 1939-10-16 1939-10-16 Nickel anode

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2304059A true US2304059A (en) 1942-12-08

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US299582A Expired - Lifetime US2304059A (en) 1939-10-16 1939-10-16 Nickel anode

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2304059A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH264919A (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR938766A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB539180A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL65441C (en, 2012)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2453757A (en) * 1943-06-12 1948-11-16 Int Nickel Co Process for producing modified electronickel
US3449224A (en) * 1966-10-17 1969-06-10 Int Nickel Co Nickel electrodeposition process and auxiliary nickel anode alloy
US4108740A (en) * 1976-05-28 1978-08-22 The International Nickel Company, Inc. Hard, heat-resistant nickel electrodeposits
US4189359A (en) * 1975-08-13 1980-02-19 Societe Metallurgique Le Nickel-Sln Process for the electrodeposition of ferro-nickel alloys
US4274940A (en) * 1975-08-13 1981-06-23 Societe Metallurgique Le Nickel -S.L.N. Process for making ferro-nickel shot for electroplating and shot made thereby
US4778576A (en) * 1986-07-31 1988-10-18 The Dow Chemical Company Nickel alloy anodes for electrochemical dechlorination

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2453757A (en) * 1943-06-12 1948-11-16 Int Nickel Co Process for producing modified electronickel
US3449224A (en) * 1966-10-17 1969-06-10 Int Nickel Co Nickel electrodeposition process and auxiliary nickel anode alloy
US4189359A (en) * 1975-08-13 1980-02-19 Societe Metallurgique Le Nickel-Sln Process for the electrodeposition of ferro-nickel alloys
US4274940A (en) * 1975-08-13 1981-06-23 Societe Metallurgique Le Nickel -S.L.N. Process for making ferro-nickel shot for electroplating and shot made thereby
US4108740A (en) * 1976-05-28 1978-08-22 The International Nickel Company, Inc. Hard, heat-resistant nickel electrodeposits
US4778576A (en) * 1986-07-31 1988-10-18 The Dow Chemical Company Nickel alloy anodes for electrochemical dechlorination
US4789449A (en) * 1986-07-31 1988-12-06 The Dow Chemical Company Nickel alloy anodes for electrochemical cell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR938766A (fr) 1948-10-25
GB539180A (en) 1941-08-29
NL65441C (en, 2012)
CH264919A (fr) 1949-11-15

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