US2302851A

US2302851A - Internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: US2302851A
Application number: US420882A
Authority: US
Inventors: Joseph F Gelser
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1941-11-28
Filing date: 1941-11-28
Publication date: 1942-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 1959-11-24

Description

2 Sheets-Sheefc l -J. F. GElsx-:R

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE A Nov. 24, 1942.

Filed Nov. 28, 1941 l Nov. 24, 1942.. J, F @ElsER 2,302,851

INTERNAL coMBUsTloN ENGINE 4 I Filed N-OV. 28, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patentedl Nov. 24, 1942 UNITED sTATEsPATENT OFFICE 2,302,851 MERNAL coMBUs'rxoN ENGiNE f.

"Joseph F. Geiser, Milwaukee, Wis. Application Noember 2s, 1941, serial' No. 420,882

(ci. 12a-s1) 17 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in inbernal combustion engines. The primary object of this invention is the provision of a two cycle internal combustion en gine which is compactly designed; embodies ciated crank shaft and other connecting features.

flexibility and accessibility of parts; and one in which the strains and forces are balanced without the necessity of passing such strains or forces thru the main engine structure or bearings.

A further object of this invention is the provision of an improved double acting two cycle internal combustion engine in which the forces incident to operation are so balanced that there is no unnecessary torque imposed upon the crank shaft or its bearings.

'A further object of this invention is the pro' vision of an internal combustion engine in which friction losses have been reduced; vibration substantially eliminated, and one in which due to balancing. of forces, the operating parts andy engine casing may be constructed to provide for increased horse power in proportion to the weight of the engine, compared to conventional internal combustion engine construction.

A further object of this invention isthe provision of an internal combustion engine of the two cycle double acting type in which high compression pressures are developed, and increased speed and operating emciency.

A fiuther object of this invention is the proa vision of an improved internal combustion engine, preferably of the two cycle double acting type, vin which expansion and compression forces, as well as scavenging and inertia pressures, forces and strains are integrated and absorbed by reason of the balanced construction of l the cylinder and piston arrangement.

A further object of this invention is the provision of an internal combustion engine in which balanced torque pressures are alone imposed upon the side strains, and thus permitting lessening of the weight of the engine frame per horse power compared to conventional constructions.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent during the course of the following detailed description.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts thruout the several views,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional viewtaken thru opposed cylinders of the improved two cycle internal combustion engine, showingthe double crank shaft without the imposition of acting pistons in the cylinders and their asso- Figure 2 is a cross sectional view tudinally thru the aligned cylinders of the internal combustion engine in a plane at right angles to the view of Figure 1 and normal to the axis of the crank shaft, and showing in side elevation certain associated features of the Aconnecting rods and yokes interposed between the cylinder pistons and crank shaft. This view also shows the air scavenging compressors.

Figure 3 is a transverse sectional view taken axially of the crank shaft.

Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken thru the end plunger of one of the outer pistons of the crank shaft showing its relation to the hollow outer piston and the connecting yoke for the piston.

Figure 5 is a *fragmentary longitudinal sectional view thru one of the outer pistons; the view being taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary side elevation of the opposed inner pistons of the engine. l

Figure 7 is a. side elevation oi' an inner Vpiston air cooling plunger and its bracket connection.

Figure 8 is a side elevation of the plunger shown in Figure 7.

Figure 9 is a cross sectional view showing the air check Avalvecimstruction embodied in each piston of the air scavenging compressors.

In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown only a preferred embodiment of the inventio the letter A may generally designate the improved internal combustion engine, which may be of the water or air cooled type and preferably, altho not necessarily, of a two stroke cycle operation. It embodies features which may be applied to stationary, aviation, or automotive engines or for general use. The engine A embodies a casing B; crank shaft construction C; inner piston arrangement D; outer piston arrangement E, and air scavenging means F. l

.As before mentioned, the internal combustion engine is of the double acting type. In general principle. the same comprises a casing construction in which thereA are provided diametrically opposed and aligned cylinders, which are of course in the same plane. Each of these cylinders is so constructed as to provide for the operation therein of double acting pistons. The crank shaft structure is disposed between the cylinders and a pair of crank shaft rthrows are provided at each side of the axis of the aligned taken longi- A cylinders to which the inner pistons of the cyllnders are connected. and another pair of throws are provided laterally beyond the rst mentioned pair of throws at each side of the axis of the` parts of the crank casing. These end walls |31` and I4a are' provided with appropriate bearings Mb. and I5 for supporting the crank shaft C, as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings. The cylinders I0 and are provided with compartments or chambers I3 and I4, which are each open at both ends; the inner ends of said cylinders I0 vand I| projecting into the crank case compartment I6 a short distance and terminating short of the axial portion of the crank shaft. The outer ends of these cylinder chambers are also'opened for receiving the outer pistons, as will be subsequently described. The casing construction B includes other associated features which will be subsequently mentioned.

The crank shaft C is of novel construction. It includes the end portions 20 and 2| supported in the bearings i4b and |5 above mentioned. Within the crank case the shaft includes a pair of narrow throws or

crank portions

2,3 and 24 adapted vto receive the connecting rods for the outer pair of pistons. Inwardly thereof the crank shaft C also is povided with a pair of throws 25 and 26 all of w ch are best shown in Figure 3 of the drawings." Opposed pairs of these throws are located at each side of the cylinder construction of the engine', sdfthat the inner piston arrangement D above mentioned, is connected to crank throws 25 and 26 at each side of this inner piston arrangement, and similarly the outer piston arrangement includes connecting rods associating theouter pistons with the outermost throws and 24 at each side of the cylinder line of the engine. It is thus noted that there is an intermediate shaft section 30a, of the crank shaft, between the throws 25 and 26 which lies in the axis of rotation of the crank shaft, and will be subsequently mentioned.

Referring to the inner piston arrangement D, the saine includes pistons 36 and 3| respectively operating in the inner ends of the cylinders l0 and i. These pistons 36 and 3E are hollow from their inner ends. They are suitably recessed as shown at 33 in Figure 6 of the drawings to receive the intermediate portion 38B of thecrank shaft. The inner ends of these pistons 30 and 3| have lateral extensions 35 and 36 respectively which may be suitably bolted together at 3l, shown thruout the drawings. These lateral extensions 35 and 36 at each side of the piston arrangement D and in the plane of the throws 25 and 26 of the crank shaft, are provided with suitable complementary portions defining yokes l0 and 4|- support the plungers extend transversely across adapted to slidably receive therein the bearing v portions of the crank shaft throws 25 and 26 respectively. The yokes 40 and dl are provided with elongated ways i3 therein, shown best in Figure 2 of the drawings, which receive the roller or other anti-friction bearing rings or members it@ preferably disposed upon the throws 25 and 25 of the crank shaft, as shown in the drawings.' The operation of this inner piston arrangement D will be perfectly-apparent from this description.

Means is provided for cooling the hollow pistons 30 and 3|. said pistons 3|) and 3| are open and the chambers therein are provided with longitudinal fins 50 shown in Figures 1 and 3 ofthe drawings. A plunger arrangement is provided at the inner end of each cylinder I0 and Il, which enters the chamber of the respective piston as the piston reciprocates. The plunger arrangement is best shown in detail in Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings and each consists of a bracket portion 52 of vU-shaped formation diametrically straddling the inner end of the cylinder and attached thereto as at 53. The bight portion of the bracket 52 has the plunger 55 thereon in vaxial alignment with' the cylinder and in position to enter the chamber of the piston. Note that a plunger 55 is provided for each piston 30 and 3|. The plungers 55 are, of course, stationary due to their attachment to the cylinders, and the bight portions 52 which the passageway 33 at the inner ends of the piston arrangement. The brackets 52 are so shaped as to be slightly spaced from the intermediate portion :itla of the crank shaft, and they do not interfere with the throws 25 and 26 of the crank shaft, as is perfectly apparent.

As the pistons reciprocate, the plungers enter the chambers of the pistons and produce a circulation of air, due to the pumping action caused thereby. The fins 50 assist in bringing the heat to the inside of the piston.

Referring to the outer piston construction E, the same comprises the

outer pistons

60 and 6| respectively operating in the outer ends of cylinders i0 and and in double acting association with the pistons 30 and 3| respectively. These

pistons

60 and 6| are hollow, the chambers therein opening outwardly and having longitudinal ns 62a therein.

The

pistons

60 and 6| at the outer ends thereof are each provided with a yoke 62. It is bifurcated at its central portion to provide an opening l(it, shown best in Figure 4, to permit the passage therethru of an air cooling plunger to be subsequently described. The yokes 62 have lug xtensions 65 entering the

respective pistons

60 and 6| and are attached to the latter by pins 66 which are pivoted in the walls of the pistons. These yokes 62 have al slight rocker action upon the pistons to compensate for any irregularity in action due to expansion or contraction of the parts of the engine.

The outer piston 60 is provided with a pair of connecting rods or members 10 and ll disposed laterally and externally at opposite sides of the cylinder i0; pivotally connected at 'I2 and 13 respectively to the outer ends of the arms forming the yoke 62v of the cylinder 6|); these connecting rods 70 and '1| bearing at 'I5 and I6 respectively in suitable portions of the engine casing construction B, as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings, and entering the crank shaft in the planes of the

throw portions

23 and 24 respectively, and there being provided with complementary portions which deiine yokes and 8| adapted to operate in connection with the

throws

23 and 24 respectively of the crank shaft.

The piston 6| is likewise .provided with connecting rods or members 83 and 84 respectively connected by preferably pivotal connections at 85 with the outer ends of the arms -forming the yoke 62 of cylinder 6|; the inner portion of these It is noted that the inner ends of 2 and 3 of the drawings.

connecting members 83 and 84 slidably bearing at 81 and 88 respectively, in portions ofthe crank casing and entering the crank case chamber and there providing the other complementary porl.tions defining the yoke structures 80 and 8| re- It will be noted that means is provided along the length of each of theI connecting rods or members 10, 1|, 83 and 84 at the location 92 4for adjusting the length of each connecting rod,

and the pivot connections of each connecting member with the yoke 82' provide additional n means to adjust irregularities incident to contraction and expansion of engine parts.

The means for cooling the

outer pistons

80 and 6|, as above mentioned, is similar to the means provided for the inner pistons. The means consists of providing a housing construction 95 at the outer end of each cylinder |0 and and connected with the said cylinders in a detachable relation; these housings 95 providing chambers which house the yoke portions 82 of the outer pistons. -The housings 9 5 each include an outer detachable cover 96 having vent openings 91 therein. These covers 98` are provided with plungers axially aligned with the chambers in the pistons 80 and 8| and adapted to operate in the openings 84 provided thru the bifurcated yokes 82; the plungers |90* operating in the chambers of the outer pistons with a pumplike action for circulating air thru the pistons to provide the necessary cooling action.

I preferably provide balanced air scavenging spective compressor cylinders. A detail of this is shown in Figure 9 wherein the piston is shown as having air ports |40 therein. A resilient check valve dise |4| is disposed at the inner side of the piston and there held in position by a suitable spider |42, the arms of which are round or tapered to permit the outer marginal portions of thecheck valve disc |4| to move slightly as the pistons move outwardly in their respective compressor cylinders for permitting ingress of air to the compressor cylinders.

It is believed that an operation of the engine will be apparent from the foregoing description. The engine has a two cycle operation, and any approved two stroke cycle ignition and fuel injection system may be used. Each cylinder has double acting `pistons therein, and these pistons are balanced in their action in each cylinder and the cylinders are so arranged as to balance the force and` action of the sets of pistons in both cylinders.

' Various changes in the shape, ize and arrangement of parts maybe made to the form of invention `herein shown and described, without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1; In an internal combustion engine the combination of a casing including opposed cylinders, a crank shaft construction for the casing including a pair of opposed throws at eachside of the `axial line of the cylinders, inner pistons for each cylinder having means connecting them to a pair of the most adjacent throws of the crank shaft and at each side of the cylinder axis of the casing, outer pistons operating in the cylin ders, and means connecting each of said outer pistons to the outermost throws ofthe crank shaft at each side o'f the cylinder axis of the casing, -said means for connecting the inner and l outer pistons to the throws of the crank shaft means for the cylinders I0 and il of the engine.

This preferably consists of compression cylinders |00 and |0| at each side of the cylinders |0 of the engine, and compression cylinders |02 and |03 at each side of the cylinder of the engine. These cylinders. are-connected to the crank casing of the internal combustion engine. The cylinders |00 and |02 are provided withv a duct connection |05 with the chamber of the engine cylinder Il, and the compression cylinders 0| and |03 have duct communication'at |08 with the chamber of the other cylinder I0. Itis to be noted that the cylinders 0| and |03 have a built-in passageway connection ||0 as part of the crank case construction, and likewise the cylinders |00 and |02 have their chambers connected by a similar passageway n 'I'he compressor pistons ||5 and ||8 operate in opposed-relation to the opposed pistons ||1 and |I8. 'I'hat is, when air is being compressed in the cylinders |00 and |02 for scavenging the cylinder I, the pistons ||1 and ||8 are operating outwardly for check valve inlet of fresh air therethru for a subsequent scavenging compression action.

It should be noted that the pistons H8 and I |1 are provided with piston rods with strap connections at |30 with the lateral extensions of the inner piston construction D, as shown in Figures Similarly the pistons ||5 and ||8 have strap connections at |3| with the yokes 80 and 8|.

The compression pistons vhave check valves associated therewith for inlet of air to -the -recomprising yokes .having elongated passageways therein in which the throw portions of the crank shaft slidably bear for reciprocation. 2. In an internal combustion engine the combination of an engine casing including a pair of cylinders in the same plane, opposed pistons in each cylinder, each piston in each cylinder being directly and solidly connected to a piston in the other cylinder-so as to make said pistons double acting within said cylinders, a crank shaft located between the two cylinders having throw portions thereon laterally beyond each side of the cylinders axis for each of the means which solidly .connects the pistons in said two cylinders together. g

3. In an internal combustion engine the com'- bination of a Icasing, a pair of opposed cylinders, a crank shaft having throw portions at each side laterally beyond the cylinderwalls, a pair of irmer pistons operating in said cylinders and being respectively connected together by extensions defining a passageway for receiving an. intermediate portion of said shaft whichv is located between the laterally positioned throw portions of the crank shaft, means for connecting said two pistons to said throw portions of the crank shaftlaterally of the axial line of the pistons,

said crank shaft having another pair of throw portions at each side of the cylinder axis, outer pistons operating in said cylinders in double acting relation with the inner pistons, and means connecting said outer pistons in operative relavtion with the last mentioned throw portions of the crank shaft.l

4. In an internal combustion engine the combination of an engine casing including opposed cylinders, pistons operating in said cylinders, selfadjusting yokes at the outer ends of said pistons flexibly attached thereto and having arm portions extending laterally beyond said pistons, a crank shaft having throw portions laterally beyond the crank shaft having throw portions laterally beyond the cylinder ,line and at each side of the cylinder line, connecting rods connecting. said yokes with each of said pistons at each side of the cylinder to said throw portions of the crank shaft, each cf sai-d connecting rods being rigidlthroughout its length from yoke to yoke. inner pistons operating in said cylinders in double acting opposed relation with the outer pistons and being rigidly connected to each other, and means `connecting said inner pistons in operative relation with the crank shaft laterally outside the cylinders.

6. In an internal combustion engine the combination of an engine casing including opposed cylinders, pistons operating in said cylinders,

yokes at the outer ends of said pistons flexibly attached thereto and having arm portions extending laterally beyond said pistons, a crank shaft having throw portions laterally beyond the cylinder line and at each side of the cylinder line, connecting rods connecting said yoke with each of said pistons at each side of the vcylinder to said throw portions of the crank shaft, inner pistons operating in said cylinders in double acting relation with the outer pistons, and means connecting said inner pistons in operative relation with the crank shaft, said last mentioned means comprising throw portions upon the crank shaft laterally outside the cylinders at each side of the cylinders.

'7. In an internal combustion engine the combination of an engine casing including opposed cylinders, pistons operating in said cylinders, yokes at the outer ends of said pistons flexibly attached thereto and having arm portions exv cylinder line and at each side of the cylinder.

tending laterally beyond said pistons, a, crank 'shaft having throw portions laterally beyond the cylinder line and at each side of the cylinder line, connecting rods connecting said yoke with each of said pistons at each side of the cylinder to said throw portions of the crank shaft, inner pistons operating in said cylinders in double acting relation with the outer pistons, and means connecting said inner pistons in operative relation with -the crank shaft, ,said last mentioned means comprising throw portions upon the crank shaft laterally outside of the cylinders at each side of the cylinders, each of said pistons being hollow, and means for forcing cooling air into the hollow chambers of said pistons incident to reciprocation thereof.

8. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a casing having opposed cylinders, a crank shaft constructed for the casing including a pair of opposed throws at each side 0f the axial line of the cylinders, inner pistons for said cylinders directly and rigidly connected together, means connecting said inner pistons operatively to a pair of the most adjacent throws of the crank shaft atA each side of the cylinder axis, outer pistons operating in the cylinders, means connecting said outer pistons directly and rigidly together, and means connecting the last mentioned means to the throws of the crank shaft at each side of the cylinder axis, said means for connecting the inner and outer pistons to the throws of the crank shaft comprising yokes having elongated passageways therein within which the throw portions of the crank shaft slidably bear for lateral reciprocation.

9. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a casing, opposed cylinders upon the casing, a crank shaft between said cylinders operatively supported by the casing, a pair of similarly constructed scavenging air compressor cylinders attached to the casing oneach side of the engine cylinder line, pistons in said compressor cylinders, one of the pistons in each pair of com-- pressor cylinders being operatively connected to one of the opposed piston groups, and the other piston in each pair of compressor cylinders being operatively connected to the other piston group, means for directing the scavenging actionof two of these compressor cylinders to each piston cylinder, the vpiston connections in the compressor cylinders being connected to the main piston group so as not to unbalance the inertia, power consumption and friction of each moving cpposed piston group during any operation of the internal combustion engine.

l0. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a casing, cylinders mounted in line with each other at opposite sides of the casing, pistons in each of said cylinders directly and rigidly connected together across the crank shaft, said crank shaft having throw portions at each side of the cylinder line, and extensions for said pistons operatively connected t0 the throws of the crank shaft whereby to permit the opposing cylinders and pistons to be disposed as closely together as possible.

11. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a casing, cylinders mounted in line with each other, a crank shaft disposed between said cylinders, double acting pistons in each of said cylinders, corresponding pistons in said cylinders being directly and rigidly connected to each other for double acting opposed piston operation, said crank shaft having opposed pairs of throws on each side of the axial line of the cylinders and pistons, and suitable extension means affixed with said pistons and having operative connection with said.crank shaft throws whereby to permit the cylinders and pistons to be as closely disposed together as possible.

12. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a casing, a crank shaft upon the casing, opposed cylinders mounted upon the casing, double acting inner and outer pistons in each of said cylinders, means connecting said pistons operatively to throws of the crank shaft, scavenging air compressors having pistons therein connected to and equally driven from each oscillating opposed piston group at each stroke of the pistons.

13. In an internal combustion engine a casing, cylinders carried upon the casing in axial alignment with each other, a crank shaft upon the casing centrally between the cylinders, the crank shaft having a pair of opposed crank shaft throws at each side of and laterally beyond the cylinders, a pair of opposed pistons in each cylinder comprising inner and outer pistons in each of the cylinders, the inner pistons in the cylinders being directly and rigidlyconnected to each other and having lateral extensions thereon connected to certain throws of the crank shaft laterally outside the cylinders, the outer pistons being directly and rigidly connectedtoeach other and having means connecting them with certain other crank shaft throws laterally of the cylinder line.

14. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a casing, opposed cylinders carried by the casing, a crank shaft centrally between the cylinders having throw portions thereon, opposed inner pistons in said cylinders, opposed outer pistons in said cylinders, said inner and outer pistons being adapted to operate in a double acting relation, means rigidly connecting the inner pistons together so that at all times they will be in diiinitely spaced rigidly connected relation during any operation of the engine, exteny-sion means operatively connected lto certain throws of the crank shaft laterally outside the cylinders, means rigidly connecting said outer pistons together in definitely spaced relation at all times during engine operation, and means operatively connecting the last mentioned means to certain other throws of the crank shaft.

15. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a casing, opposed pistons carried by the casing, a, crank shaft between the opposed pistons, double acting hollow pistons in each cylinder of the casing, stationary plungers carried by the casing adapted to receive the hollow chambers of the inner and outer pistons during reciprocation of the latter for the purpose of air cooling said pistons, and means operatively connecting said pistons to the crank shaft in double acting relation.

16. In an internal combustion engine a casing, -a crank shaft for the casing, opposed cylinders associated with the crank shaft at each side of the crank shaft axis, said crank shaft having opposed throws at each side of the cylinder axis and laterally outside of the cylinder walls, double acting pistons in each of the cylinders with the pistons in one cylinder in diametrically opposed relation to the pistons in the other cylinder, means operatively1 connecting the inner pair of pistons of the cylinders to the crank shaft throws laterally of the said cylinders and pistons, and means operatively connecting the outer pistons of the cylinders in balanced connected relation to the crank shaft throws laterally of said cylinders.

l1'7. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a casing including opposed cylinders, a crank shaft construction for the casing including a pair of opposed throws at each side laterally outside of the cylinders, inner pistons for each cylinder having means connecting them to a pair of the most adjacent throws of the crank shaft and laterally beyond and at each side of the lcylinders of the casing, outer pistons operating in the cylinder, and means connecting said outer pistons to the outermost throws of the. crank shaft laterally beyond and at each side of the V? cylinder of the casing.

' JQSEPH F. GEISER.