US2302123A - Arrangement for synchronizing oscillations - Google Patents

Arrangement for synchronizing oscillations Download PDF

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Publication number
US2302123A
US2302123A US374566A US37456641A US2302123A US 2302123 A US2302123 A US 2302123A US 374566 A US374566 A US 374566A US 37456641 A US37456641 A US 37456641A US 2302123 A US2302123 A US 2302123A
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Prior art keywords
oscillations
oscillation
phase
generator
auxiliary
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US374566A
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English (en)
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Hepp Gerard
Deckers Albert Henri Marie
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B21/00—Generation of oscillations by combining unmodulated signals of different frequencies
    • H03B21/01—Generation of oscillations by combining unmodulated signals of different frequencies by beating unmodulated signals of different frequencies
    • H03B21/02—Generation of oscillations by combining unmodulated signals of different frequencies by beating unmodulated signals of different frequencies by plural beating, i.e. for frequency synthesis ; Beating in combination with multiplication or division of frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J1/00—Frequency-division multiplex systems
    • H04J1/02—Details
    • H04J1/06—Arrangements for supplying the carrier waves ; Arrangements for supplying synchronisation signals

Definitions

  • the frequency of the generator to be synchronized for example, directly influenced either by a harmonic of the control oscillation ⁇ or by an oscillation derived either from two harmonics of the control oscillation or from a harmonic of the control oscillation and a harmonic of the generator to be synchronized.
  • Figure 1 shows the phase relationship existing between a generated oscillation and a harmonic synchronizing oscillation.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a circuit arrangement in accordance with the invention for obtaining synchronization in the correct phase by means of two auxiliary oscillations.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the variations in the control action with changes in the phase relationship between the auxiliary oscillations.
  • Figure 4 schematically illustrates a method for providing the auxiliary oscillations for the correct phasing of the oscillating generator.
  • the phase of the generated oscillations may take different Values depending on the moment of starting of the synchronization.
  • the synchronizing oscillation which is represented by a curve I in Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings, has a frequency of l2 kilocycles per second, being the third harmonic of an oscillation of 4 kilocycles to be generated
  • the phase of the generated oscillation may take three different values, depending on whether the synchronization takes place during the first, the second or the third period of the synchronizing oscillation. Accordingly, the generated oscillation will vary in accordance with one of the curves 2, 3 or 4 of Fig. 1 which exhibit a phase difference of respectively 120 and 240.
  • the invention has for its purpose to make one definite choice from these different possibilities and to exclude the other ones.
  • this object is achieved by providing means making the influence or the control oscillation upon the generator inactive, ifv the phase of the generated oscillations does not exhibit the correct Value.
  • the said means vare controlled by the phase displacement between two auxiliary oscillations at the frequency to be generated, the phase of one of these auxiliary oscillations being at least dependent on the phase of the control oscillation and the phase of the other being at least dependent on the phase of the oscillation generated by the generator.
  • Fig. 2 shows one example of an arrangement according to the invention as applied to a carrierwave telephony system, in which in each of the stations the carrier-waves for the various channels are derived from a common generator, the latter being synchronized in the correct phase in at least one of these stations by the generator in the other station and the generator to be synchronized being directly infiuenced by a synchronizing oscillation, whose frequency is a higher harmonic of the frequency of the control oscillation.
  • the generator to be synchronized is designated l in one station, hereinafter reierred to as the station A, and is constituted by a discharge tube 2 with positive feed back in known manner which does not require a detailed description.
  • the grid circuit includes an impedance 3 which has supplied to it the synchronizing oscillation which is a harmonic of the oscillation generated by the generator in the other station, referred to hereinafter as the station B, and which acts as a control oscillation.
  • the frequency to be generated by the generator l amounts to 4 kilocycles/sec.
  • the synchronizing oscillation has a frequency of, say, 72 kilocycles/sec., being the 18th harmonic of the frequency of the generators in the stations A and B.
  • the phase of the generated fi ldlocycles oscillation may take 18 different values, as is set out above.
  • This arrangement comprises devices each constituted by a discharge tube 4 or 5, said devices having supplied to them an auxiliary oscillation, whose phase is at least dependent on the phase of the oscillation generated by the generator l and having the frequency to be generated and a second auxiliary oscillation.
  • the phase of the second auxiliary oscillation which is supplied, for example, to the discharge tube 5 and, whose frequency is equal to the frequency to be generated by the generator l is at least dependent on the phase of the control oscillation.
  • the discharge tubes 4 and 5 are connected in known manner so as to convert the auxiliary oscillations supplied to the grids into an oscillation having a substantially rectangular wave. To this end, resistances may be interposed, for
  • the tubes 4 and 5 have a common output circuit in which the primary winding of a transformer 6 is included through which a resulting voltage occurs depending on the phase displacement between the auxiliary oscillations fed to the two tubes 4 and 5.
  • Fig. 3 indicates the resulting voltage through the transformer 6 for various phase displacements between the auxiliary oscillations.
  • Fig. 3a whose amplitude is equal to twice the amplitude of each of the rectangular oscillations supplied by the tubes.
  • An increase in the phase displacement between the two auxiliary oscillations results in a Voltage which may be represented respectively by Figs. 3b to Bic.
  • a phase displacement of 180 between the two auxiliary oscillations the resulting voltage is zero, as is shown in Fig. 3k.
  • Thel resulting voltage produced across the transformer 6 is fed to a discharge tube 1 serving for making the influence exercised by the synchronizing oscillation upon the generator l inactive.
  • a relay 8 is included in the anode circuit which upon the occurrence of a resulting voltage across the transformer 6 shortcircuits the impedance 3 by means of a switch 9.
  • the discharge tube 1 exhibits a threshold value obtained, for example, by a negative grid bias which is greater than half the amplitude of the resulting voltage supplied through the transformer to the grid 1 and indicated in Figs. 3a and 3k by a dotted line.
  • This threshold value results in the anode circuit of the tube 1 being traversed by an anode current and the switch S short-circuiting the impedance 3 only in the case that the phase displacement between the auxiliary oscillations at the grids of the tubes 4 and 5 differs-from 180.
  • phase displacement between the two auxiliary oscillations will vary with the moment at which the generator i is synchronized by the synchronizing oscillation.
  • the synchronizing oscillation is the 18th harmonic of the oscillation to be generated, 18 different phase displacements between the auxiliary oscillations may occur in the case of synchronism.
  • the tube 1 being given a threshold value which is greater than half the amplitude of the resulting voltage supplied through the transformer ⁇ 6 to the grid of the tube 1 and consequently greater than the amplitude of the rec tangular oscillations supplied by each of the tubes 4 and 5, it is ensured that if during operation, after the generator I has been brought into the desired condition, one of the auxiliary oscillations is suppressed by interference, the remaining auxiliary oscillation has no amplitude sufficiently large to overcome the threshold and to energize the relay S; consequently the synchronism is maintained in spite of the occurring interference.
  • This auxiliary oscillation may be, for example either the a kilocycles carrier-wave of the station B and consequently the control oscillation itself or, as will be set out in detail hereinafter by reference to Fig. 4, it may be obtained either by generating a difference-frequency from two carrier-waves generated in the station B, which differ by et kilocycles per sec., or by mixing a harmonic of the control-oscillation and a harmonic of the oscillation generated by the generator to be synchronized.
  • Each of these harmonics serve as carrier waves for a conversation to be transmitted and are suppressed during the normal speech transmission and are only transmitted from B to A for signalling purposes. Consequently, auxiliary oscillation is supplied to the tube 5 only during the times of the signalling.
  • the threshold Value of the tube 'I must be chosen so as to be greater than the largest of the amplitudes of the two rectangular oscillations active at the grid of the tube 1.
  • the illustrated example indicates a relay 8 which short-circuits the impedance 3
  • use may also be made of an electric relay, for example a discharge tube.
  • Fig. 4 shows in what manner the auxiliary oscillations can be generated in a carrier-wave system, as has been described by reference to Fig. 2.
  • the auxiliary oscillation whose phase is at least dependent on the control oscillation is formed by two carrier-waves generated in the station B. These carrier oscillations of, say, 72 and 76 kilocycles per sec. are received in the station A and supplied to a mixing arrangement I2 constituted by a bridge connection of dry rectiers. A frequency of 4 kilocycles per sec. is obtained in the output circuit of this mixing arangement and supplied as an auxiliary oscillation through the conductor II to the grid of the tube 5 in Fig. 2.
  • phase of this auxiliary oscillation may be adjusted with the aid of a phase control device I3, through which the carrier oscillation of '76 kilocycles is supplied'to the mixing arrangement.
  • the other auxiliary oscillation is formed in a similar way in the station A by the difference frequency of two higher harmonics of, say, 76 and 80 kilocycles per sec. of the generator I. These two higher harmonics are supplied through phase-control devices I4 and I5 to a mixing arrangement I6 constituted by a bridge connection of dry rectiflers and in the output circuit of which an oscillation of 4 kilocycles occurs Which is supplied through the conductor le to the discharge tube 4.
  • the synchronizing oscillation has the same frequency as the oscillation to be generated by the generator I in Fig. 2.
  • the synchronizing oscillation is derived from two oscillations having frequencies which are higher harmonics of the oscillation to be generated by the generator I,
  • the harmonic of 76 kilocycles per sec. originating from the station B together with the harmonic of 80 kilocycles per sec. originating from the station A, is supplied to a mixing arrangement Il constituted by a bridge connection of dry rectiers.
  • An oscillation of 4 kilocycles per sec. is obtained in the output circuit of this mixing arrangement which is supplied through a transformer I8 to a circuit IS, in which the impedance 3 of Fig. 2 is included.
  • the circuit I9 has supplied to it, in addition, a 4 kilocycles oscillation derived from the 76 kilocycles oscillation originating from the station A and the 72 kilocycles oscillation originating from the station B. These oscillations are fed to a mixing arrangement 20, in whose output circuit the 4 kilocycles oscillation occurs which is supplied through a transformer 2
  • the synchronization is not disturbed, since the carrier-wave of 72 kilocycles which still exists together with the oscillation of 76 kilocycles of the station A, continue to supply the 4 kilocycles required for synchronization.
  • the auxiliary oscillations fed to the tubes 4 and 5 are converted into oscillations having approximately a rectangular wave. Though this is advantageous in View of an, exact comparison of the phases of the two auxiliary oscillations, this conversion is not necessary under any conditions.
  • These tubes 4 and 5 may also be connected as an amplifier so that the anode currents of these tubes are sinusoidal and the tube l is put into operation in dependence on the phase displacement existing between these currents.
  • a circuit arrangement comprising an oscillation generator, a source of control oscillations for directly inuencing the frequency of said generator, and a circuit rendering inactive the iniluence of said control source, said circuit including a i'lrst source of auxiliary oscillations whose phase is dependent upon the phase of the oscillations of said generator, a second source of auxiliary oscillations whose phase is dependent upon the phase of said control oscillations, and means combining the oscillations of said sources in phase relationship.
  • a circuit arrangement comprising an oscillation generator, a source of control oscillations for directly influencing the frequency of said generator, and a circuit rendering inactive the influence of said control source, said circuit including a first source of auxiliary oscillations derived from said generator and having a phase dependent upon the phase of the oscillations of said generator, a second source of ⁇ auxiliaryoscillations whose phase is dependent upon the phase of said control oscillations, and means combining the oscillations of said sources in phase relationship.
  • a circuit arrangement comprising an oscillation generator, a source of control oscillations for directly influencing the frequency of said generator, and a circuit rendering inactive the infiuence of said control source, said circuit including a first source of auxiliary oscillations derived from said generator and having a phase depending upon the phase of the oscillations of said generator, a second source of auxiliary oscillations derived from the source of the control oscillations and having a phase depending upon the phase of control oscillation, and means combining the oscillations of said sources in phase relationship.
  • an oscillation generator inuencing the frequency of said generator, a first source of auxiliary oscillations whose phase is dependent on the phase of the oscillations of said generator, a second source of auxiliary oscillations whose phase is depen-dent on the phase of said control oscillations, means combining said rst and second auxiliary oscillations to provide resulting oscillations and means controlled by said resulting oscillations to render inactive said source of control oscillations upon the departure from a predetermined phase difference between said first and second auxiliary oscillations.
  • a circuit arrangement comprising an oscillation generator, a source of control oscillations for directly influencing the frequency of said generator, a first source of auxiliary oscillations Whose phase is dependent upon the phase of the oscillations of said generator, a second source of auxiliary oscillations Whose phase is dependent upon the phase of said control oscillations, means combining the oscillations of said sourcesinphase relationship and producing resulting oscillations having a substantially rectangular Wave form, and means controlled by the resulting oscillations to render inactive said source of control oscillations upon the departure from a predetermined dilerence of the phases of said first and second auxiliary oscillations.
  • a circuit arrangement comprising an oscillation generator, Va source of control oscillations for directly influencing the frequency of said generator, a iirst source of auxiliary oscillations Whose phase is dependent upon the phase of the oscillations of said generator, a second source of auxiliary oscillations whose phase is dependent upon the phase of said control oscillations, means combining the oscillations of said auxiliary sources in phase relationship to provide resulting oscillations and a relay member controlled by the resulting oscillation to render inactive said source of control oscillations upon the departure from a predetermined diiference of the phases of said first and second auxiliary oscillations.
  • a circuit arrangement comprising an oscillation generator, a source of control oscillations for directly influencing the frequency of said generator, an impedancev common to said generator and to the control oscillations, a first source of auxiliary oscillations whose phase is dependent upon the phase of the oscillations of said generator, a second source of auxiliary oscillations whose phase is dependent upon the phase of said ⁇ control oscillations, means combining the oscillations of said auxiliary sources in phase relationship to provide resulting oscillations and a relay member controlled by the resulting oscillations short-circuit said impedance upon the de'- parture from a predetermined difference of the phase of said first and second auxiliary oscillations.
  • oscillation generator a source of control oscillations directly influencing the frequency of said generator, a first source of auxiliary oscillations Whose phase is dependent on the phase of the oscillations of said generator, a second source of auxiliary oscillations Whose phase is dependent on the phase of said control oscillations, means combining said first and second auxiliary oscillations to provide resulting oscillations and means controlled by said resultingoscillations to render inactive said source of control oscillations upon the departure from a predetermined difference of the phases of said rst and second auxiliary oscillations, said means having a threshhold value equal to the amplitude of the largest of said resulting oscillations.
  • a multi-channel carrier wave telephony system comprising a plurality of stations, carrier waves for the various channels derived from a common generator, a source of synchronizing oscillations for the generator of a first station derived from the generator of a second station, said rst station comprising a circuit rendering inactive the iniiuence of said synchronizing oscillations, said circuit including a first source of auxiliary oscillations Whose phase is dependent upon the phase of the oscillations of the generator of the rst said station, a second source of auxiliary oscillations whose phase is dependent upon the phase of said synchronizing oscillations and means combining the oscillations of said auxiliary sources in phase relationship.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
US374566A 1939-09-04 1941-01-15 Arrangement for synchronizing oscillations Expired - Lifetime US2302123A (en)

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NL2302123X 1939-09-04

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DE (1) DE1084304B (pt)
FR (1) FR875393A (pt)
NL (1) NL59331C (pt)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2490039A (en) * 1943-11-26 1949-12-06 Int Standard Electric Corp Arrangement for selection and demodulation of electrical pulses
US2505642A (en) * 1943-12-03 1950-04-25 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Frequency synchronizing system
US2536346A (en) * 1946-03-01 1951-01-02 Philco Corp Pulse type radio range tracking and indicating system
US2624005A (en) * 1947-03-04 1952-12-30 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Stabilized crystal oscillator circuits

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1147991B (de) * 1955-05-04 1963-05-02 Felten & Guilleaume Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung zur selbsttaetigen, phasenrichtigen Aufschaltung einer Synchronisierwechselspannung auf einen oder mehrere Schwingungserzeuger gleicher Nennfrequenz

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2490039A (en) * 1943-11-26 1949-12-06 Int Standard Electric Corp Arrangement for selection and demodulation of electrical pulses
US2505642A (en) * 1943-12-03 1950-04-25 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Frequency synchronizing system
US2536346A (en) * 1946-03-01 1951-01-02 Philco Corp Pulse type radio range tracking and indicating system
US2624005A (en) * 1947-03-04 1952-12-30 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Stabilized crystal oscillator circuits

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Publication number Publication date
BE440713A (pt)
FR875393A (fr) 1942-09-18
NL59331C (pt)
DE1084304B (de) 1960-06-30

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