US2300751A - Manufacture of soap - Google Patents

Manufacture of soap Download PDF

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Publication number
US2300751A
US2300751A US417748A US41774841A US2300751A US 2300751 A US2300751 A US 2300751A US 417748 A US417748 A US 417748A US 41774841 A US41774841 A US 41774841A US 2300751 A US2300751 A US 2300751A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
soap
saponifying
nigre
stage
centrifugal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US417748A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ashton T Scott
Sender Leopold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sharples Corp
Original Assignee
Sharples Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR867181D priority Critical patent/FR867181A/fr
Application filed by Sharples Corp filed Critical Sharples Corp
Priority to US417748A priority patent/US2300751A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2300751A publication Critical patent/US2300751A/en
Priority to GB17332/42A priority patent/GB573787A/en
Priority to FR55051D priority patent/FR55051E/fr
Priority to NL126827A priority patent/NL66056C/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
    • C11D13/02—Boiling soap; Refining
    • C11D13/04—Continuous methods therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the art of soap making, and was conceived primarily as a method of making soap continuously with the aid of centrifugal separators. Processes for the manufacture of soap by passing a saponifying reagent continuously into confluence with a source of fat, saponifying the fat by passage of the mixture at saponifying temperature continuously through mixing apparatus, and separating spent reagent from fat by centrifugation are described and claimed in the co-pending applications of.
  • the present invention is primarily a development of the procedure of these two co-pending applications resulting in improved mixing of reagent with the source of fat and improved yield of soap,
  • The. 'saporiification is preferably accomplished in a plurality of counter-current stages, and the removal of the soap from the zone of centrifugation is accomplished by mixing water or saponifying reagent with the soap while it is still in a turbulent condition due to discharge from the zone of centrifugation.
  • the soap is grained, and thus conditioned for removal of the aqueous phase, prior to centrifugation, by the addition of a salt solution, or an excess of saponifying reagent which serves as a salting out agent.
  • the salting out operation is accomplished. simultaneously with the saponification by addition of the salting out agent before the start of the saponification reaction.
  • the soap from the centrifugal of the last saponification stage is mixed with water, and also with electrolyte if necessary, to change the grained or curd soap to a neat soap and at-the same time form a new phase which is known as nigre.
  • the economics of the Scott process are improved by returning the nigre from the centrifugal by which it is separated from neat soap to one of the saponification stages of the process.
  • the nigre which contains a large proportion of soap, serves to emulsify the saponifying reagent with the source of fat to be saponified, thereby improving the contact between reagent and fat and speeding up the saponi-fication reaction.
  • the soap contained in the nigre is recovered from the saponified mass in one of the centrifugals by which the aqueous reagent phase is separated from soap in the cycle of mixing and centrifugal separating steps constituting the saponification stages of the soap making operation.
  • the invention may be practiced by separating dirt from the nigre and neat soap as a third efiiuent in the fitting operation by which the nigre is separated from theneat soap.
  • the separate removal of dirt in this manner effects a still further improvement in the process, since, after separation of dirt, the nigre may be returned to one of the earlier saponification stages and combined with further fat and alkali with a minimum of contamination by dirt from the preceding saponified mass which Figure 1 represents a simple form in which the invention may be practiced,
  • Figure 2 illustrates a slight modification oramplification of the process of Figure l
  • Figure 3 represents a further modification or amplification.
  • L'fat from container I0 is passed into confluence with a saponifying reagent, such as lye from container l I.
  • a saponifying reagent such as lye from container l I.
  • the fat and lye are passed together, preferably under super-atmospheric pressure, through a mixer l2, which is heated to a temperature (e. g., 200 F.) sufiiciently high to efi'ect saponification of most of the fat during pamage through the mixer.
  • the mixture is maintained in a state of intensive agitation in order to insure rapid saponification of the fat, and fluidity of the mixture until it is passed into centrifugal i3.
  • the soap is grained prior to passage to the centrifugal Hi, this graining being accomplished either by adding a graining agent in a separate step to the substantially saponified mass, as in Scott application Serial No. 333,547, or by adding a graining agent to the mixture before saponification commences, as in Scott application Serial No. 334,297.
  • an aqueous saponifying reagent phase which may be spent lye containing impurities removed from the partially saponified mass, is removed continuously as one eflluen-t from the centrifugal l3, and grained soap, containing a small proportion of unsaponified fat, is removed as a second eflluent from that centrifugal.
  • I'he grained soap from centrifugal I3 is continuously mixed with a further quantity of saponifying reagent, preferably by injection of the saponifying reagent directly to the cover of the centrifugal in order to assist in discharge of the grained soap from the centrifugal and intimately mix the saponifying reagent therewith while the soap is in a turbulent condition due to discharge from the centrifugal.
  • the mixture of grained soap and residual unsaponified fat with fresh saponifying reagent is passed through a mixer 15 and subjected to saponifying and graining steps prior to passage to a second centrifugal l6, which effects separation between partly spent lye and grained soap similar to the separation effected in the centrifugal Hi.
  • the grained soap discharged from centrifugal l6 may next be mixed with water from container I! in mixer 21, this water being added in suflicient skilled in the art.
  • nigre from centrifugal I8 is returned from that centrifugal to one of the saponiflcation stages involved in treatment of further quantities of fat with saponifying reagent. Since this nigre is derived from a centrifugal treatment involving application of a force many thousand times the force of gravity in centrifugal l8, a large part of the dirt will ordinarily be separated from the nigre as well as the neat soap in this centrifugal treatment. thereby providing a nigre which isof considerably higher quality than the nigres obtained by the kettle soap making process.
  • the nigre may be returned to one of the saponiflcation stages over a prolonged cycle of operation in the practice of the process, without becoming other impurities may be best separated from the p be practiced by returning the nigre into the saponiflcation cycle prior to the practice of the first saponiflcation step, as indicated by the reference character I9, or it may be returned prior to the second saponification step as indicated by the reference character 20.
  • the point at which the nigre is returned to the saponification cycle will depend largely upon the manner in which the .saponification steps are conducted, upon the concentration of the reagent used in these steps, for example.
  • vA .part of the nigre may be returned at point l9, and another part at point 20, as indicated by the flow sheet of Figure 1.
  • a part, or all, of the nigre sapbnifying reagent with fat may be partially attained, insofar as recovery of soap values is concerned, even by return of the nigre at point 22; i. e., to a point in the cycle of operations subsequent to completion of the entire saponi-fication reaction.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an operation in which a centrifugal 30 provided with special discharge outlets for separated dirt is substituted for the centrifugal Hi.
  • the impurities separated from the nigre are discharged through special outlets extending from. the inner circumferential wall of the rotor, while the nigre and neat soap are continuously dis-' charged separately from these impurities and from each other.
  • the nigre may be returned to the saponiflcation cycle at the points I9, 20 or 22 or separate parts of it may be returned at all three of these points.
  • a feature of the invention therefore consists in addition of a source of acid, which may be an organic or inorganic acid or an ester (e.
  • a source of acid is particularly valuable in connection with the practice of the process in cases in which the nigre is recycled to one of the saponification stages, it has value as a step for proof a source of acid in performance of the centrifare pracbe passed through a centrifugal 40 which serves to clarify the nigre further -by removal of dirt and other impurities therefrom, and the clarified nigre may then be returned to the saponification cycle as discussed above.
  • a modifying agent which may be water or a source .of acid as discussed above, is preferably added to the nigre before it is passed to the centrifugal 40.
  • the dilution of the nigre with water frees a part of the impurities remaining in the nigre after discharge from the centrifugal l8 or 30, and these impurities may then be removed by passage of the nigre through the centrifugal 40.
  • the preferred procedure involves mixing a source of acid with the nigre in the mixer 4
  • a process comprising accomplishing a saponifying stage by mixing a source of fat with a saponifying reagent, subjecting the resulting mixture to saponifying reaction conditions, salting. out the soap to produce a soap phase and an aqueous phase. and thereafter subjecting the resulting mixture to centrifugation to separate the soap phase from aqueous phase as the final step of said saponifying stage, thereafter mixing the grained soap and unsaponified fat derived from said saponifying stage with a further quantity of saponifying reagent and subjecting the resulting mixture to a second saponifying stage including the same steps as said first-mentioned saponifying stage,
  • a process comprising accomplishing a saponifying stage by mixing a source of fat with a saponifying reagent, subjecting the resulting mixture to saponifying reaction conditions, salting out the soap to produce a soap phase and an aqueous phase, and thereafter subjecting the resulting mixture to centrifugation to separate the soap phase from aqueous phase as the final step of said saponifying stage, thereafter mixing the grained soap and unsaponified fat derived from said saponifying.
  • a-process comprising accomplishing a saponifying stage by mixing a source of fat with a saponifying reagent, subjecting the resulting mixture tosaponifying reaction conditions, saltin out the soap'toiproduce a soap phase and an aqueous phase, and thereafter subjecting the resulting mixture to centrifugation to separate the soap phase from aqueous phase as the final step of said saponifying stage, thereafter fitting grained soap derived from the saponifying reaction by mixing said grained soap with water and separating nigre from neatsoap by centrifugation, thereafter adding a source of .acid to the nigre and neutralizing free alkali of the mixture by said source of acid and thereafter separating impurities from the nigre obtained by said last-mentioned step of centrifugation by a subsequent step of centrifugation, and returning nigre derived from said final step of centrifug'ation to a saponifying stage in treatment of a further quantity of a source of fat

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US417748A 1941-11-04 1941-11-04 Manufacture of soap Expired - Lifetime US2300751A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR867181D FR867181A (fr) 1941-11-04 1940-06-28 Perfectionnements à la fabrication du savon
US417748A US2300751A (en) 1941-11-04 1941-11-04 Manufacture of soap
GB17332/42A GB573787A (en) 1941-11-04 1942-12-05 Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of soap
FR55051D FR55051E (fr) 1941-11-04 1945-11-16 Perfectionnements à la fabrication du savon
NL126827A NL66056C (fr) 1941-11-04 1946-07-31

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US417748A US2300751A (en) 1941-11-04 1941-11-04 Manufacture of soap

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2300751A true US2300751A (en) 1942-11-03

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ID=23655258

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US417748A Expired - Lifetime US2300751A (en) 1941-11-04 1941-11-04 Manufacture of soap

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2300751A (fr)
FR (2) FR867181A (fr)
GB (1) GB573787A (fr)
NL (1) NL66056C (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2452725A (en) * 1945-06-29 1948-11-02 George B Bradshaw Soapmaking process
US2485204A (en) * 1943-07-31 1949-10-18 Union Francaise Commerciale Et Industrielle Sa Novel process for soap purifying
US2499389A (en) * 1944-04-04 1950-03-07 Sharples Corp Proportionate feeding and treating system
US2499388A (en) * 1943-07-22 1950-03-07 Sharples Corp Proportionate feeding and treating system
US2572102A (en) * 1947-09-16 1951-10-23 Lever Brothers Ltd Centrifugal separation of kettle soap
US2653958A (en) * 1948-07-17 1953-09-29 Union Francais Commerciale Et Method for the continuous purification of soap
US2727915A (en) * 1949-12-23 1955-12-20 Separator Ab Method and apparatus for continuous soapmaking
US2776305A (en) * 1950-04-28 1957-01-01 Habicht Lojo Process for carrying out interactions of liquids with each other
US2902502A (en) * 1957-05-10 1959-09-01 Sharples Corp Processing of soap
US2906760A (en) * 1953-02-04 1959-09-29 Separator Ab Method for continuous preparation of chemical products
US2946813A (en) * 1954-04-27 1960-07-26 Separator Ab Continuous manufacture of soap

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2499388A (en) * 1943-07-22 1950-03-07 Sharples Corp Proportionate feeding and treating system
US2485204A (en) * 1943-07-31 1949-10-18 Union Francaise Commerciale Et Industrielle Sa Novel process for soap purifying
US2499389A (en) * 1944-04-04 1950-03-07 Sharples Corp Proportionate feeding and treating system
US2452725A (en) * 1945-06-29 1948-11-02 George B Bradshaw Soapmaking process
US2572102A (en) * 1947-09-16 1951-10-23 Lever Brothers Ltd Centrifugal separation of kettle soap
US2653958A (en) * 1948-07-17 1953-09-29 Union Francais Commerciale Et Method for the continuous purification of soap
US2727915A (en) * 1949-12-23 1955-12-20 Separator Ab Method and apparatus for continuous soapmaking
US2852347A (en) * 1949-12-23 1958-09-16 Separator Ab Apparatus for continuous soapmaking
US2776305A (en) * 1950-04-28 1957-01-01 Habicht Lojo Process for carrying out interactions of liquids with each other
US2906760A (en) * 1953-02-04 1959-09-29 Separator Ab Method for continuous preparation of chemical products
US2946813A (en) * 1954-04-27 1960-07-26 Separator Ab Continuous manufacture of soap
US2902502A (en) * 1957-05-10 1959-09-01 Sharples Corp Processing of soap

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR55051E (fr) 1951-06-06
NL66056C (fr) 1950-07-15
GB573787A (en) 1945-12-06
FR867181A (fr) 1941-10-02

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