US2296793A - Surgical retractor - Google Patents
Surgical retractor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2296793A US2296793A US429316A US42931642A US2296793A US 2296793 A US2296793 A US 2296793A US 429316 A US429316 A US 429316A US 42931642 A US42931642 A US 42931642A US 2296793 A US2296793 A US 2296793A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bulb
- blade
- hollow
- handle
- shank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
- A61B1/0676—Endoscope light sources at distal tip of an endoscope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/32—Devices for opening or enlarging the visual field, e.g. of a tube of the body
Definitions
- the invention relates to surgical retractors such as are used in obstetrical and other surgical operations.
- the object of the invention to obtain a construction which illuminates the cavity at the same time that it is performing its work.
- the invention consists in the construction as hereinafter set forth.
- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through the instrument
- Fig. 2 is a cross section on line 22 of Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3 is an end elevation
- Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the lamp bulb and its socket.
- the instrument is provided with a handle A having a shank B at its inner end rounding into a portion extending at substantially right angles to the handle.
- a blade C which longitudinally is of arcuate form and in cross section is concave-convex. This permits the use of the blade as a hook for retracting the tissues, to provide entrance to the cavity.
- a construction in which light is radiated from the inner end of the blade so as to illuminate the cavity This is accomplished by forming a hollow construction in which an illuminating bulb is located in the blade portion, and the batteries for supplying the current, in the handle portion.
- the bulb is preferably located at a point where substantially direct rays therefrom can pass to the end of the blade and out through a transparent closure therefor. This will produce a fairly high degree of illumination with a low-powered light bulb and is therefore preferable to constructions in which the light is transmitted through Lucite or a similar medium, with great loss in intensity.
- the placing of the batteries which generate the current within the hollow handle forms a self-contained construction, avoiding the use of a conductor cord from an external source of current.
- the handle A may be formed integral with the shank B, preferably by casting.
- the handle is of sufficient length to accommodate a series of dry battery cells D, D. These, at the outer end, are in electrical connection with a contact E arranged centrally within an insulator closure cap F for the hollow handle.
- a second contact G passes through the insulator cap, and a switch member H outside the cap is adapted to connect or disconect the contacts.
- the contact G is connected with an insulated conductor I extending through the hollow casing and shank B into connection with one of the terminals of the illuminating bulb J.
- the other terminal of the bulb isconnected to a resilient coil wire member K, which latter at its opposite end is anchored in the shank B and forms a grounded electrical connection.
- the coil K also permits the insertion of the bulb J within the hollow blade and the pushing of this bulb around the curve. This will locate the bulb so that direct radiation can pass therefrom to the end of the blade.
- a transparent closure L preferably of Pyrex glass or other heat-resisting transparent material, seals the end of the blade so as to prevent access of moisture to the interior.
- the detachable connection between the blade C and shank B may be of any suitable construction, but as shown consists in a threaded nipple M on the end of the shank engaging a threaded socket N on the blade.
- the construction as described is capable of being sterilized by immersion in boiling water without injury thereto.
- the surgeon in using the instrument, can at any time operate the switch H to energize the bulb and to thereby illuminate the cavity.
- the electrical illuminating means for the instrument is self-contained, requiring no external electrical connections. This is important, both for the purpose of facilitating sterilization and for not hampering the use of the instrument.
- a surgical retractor comprising a hollow handle portion, a hollow curved blade portion detachably connected to said handle portion to extend laterally and outwardly therefrom, a transparent closure for the end of said hollow blade portion, an electric bulb adapted for insertion within said hollow blade portion, a flexible mounting for said bulb projecting outward from said handle portion and adapted to permit the passage of said bulb around a curved portion within said hollow blade into a position for substantially direct radiation out through said transparent end closure, 2.
- battery Within said hollow handle portion, and electrical connections between said battery and bulb including a switch operable from outside said handle.
- a surgical retractor comprising a hollow handle portion having a hollow shank extending therefrom with a laterally extending bend therein, a hollow curved blade portion detachably connected to the end of said shank, a transparent closure for the end of said blade, an electric bulb tery, an insulator cap for the end of said hollow handle, and an electric switch mounted on said insulator cap to be operable from outside thereof, said switch controlling electrical connections be- 5 tween said battery and bulb.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
Description
P 22, 1942- H. M. KIRSCHBAUM 2,296,793
- I SURGICAL IRETRACTOR Filed Feb. 2, 1942 ATTORNEYS Patented Sept. 22, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SURGICAL RETRACTOR Harry M. Kirschbaum, Detroit, Mich. Application February 2", 1942, Serial No. 429,316
2 Claims.
The invention relates to surgical retractors such as are used in obstetrical and other surgical operations.
It is the object of the invention to obtain a construction which illuminates the cavity at the same time that it is performing its work. To this end, the invention consists in the construction as hereinafter set forth.
In the drawing:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through the instrument Fig. 2 is a cross section on line 22 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is an end elevation; and
Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the lamp bulb and its socket.
In general form the instrument is provided with a handle A having a shank B at its inner end rounding into a portion extending at substantially right angles to the handle. Detachably secured to this shank is a blade C which longitudinally is of arcuate form and in cross section is concave-convex. This permits the use of the blade as a hook for retracting the tissues, to provide entrance to the cavity.
To facilitate the use of this instrument, I have devised a construction in which light is radiated from the inner end of the blade so as to illuminate the cavity. This is accomplished by forming a hollow construction in which an illuminating bulb is located in the blade portion, and the batteries for supplying the current, in the handle portion. The bulb is preferably located at a point where substantially direct rays therefrom can pass to the end of the blade and out through a transparent closure therefor. This will produce a fairly high degree of illumination with a low-powered light bulb and is therefore preferable to constructions in which the light is transmitted through Lucite or a similar medium, with great loss in intensity. Also, the placing of the batteries which generate the current within the hollow handle forms a self-contained construction, avoiding the use of a conductor cord from an external source of current.
More in detail, the handle A may be formed integral with the shank B, preferably by casting. The handle is of sufficient length to accommodate a series of dry battery cells D, D. These, at the outer end, are in electrical connection with a contact E arranged centrally within an insulator closure cap F for the hollow handle. A second contact G passes through the insulator cap, and a switch member H outside the cap is adapted to connect or disconect the contacts.
The contact G is connected with an insulated conductor I extending through the hollow casing and shank B into connection with one of the terminals of the illuminating bulb J. The other terminal of the bulb isconnected to a resilient coil wire member K, which latter at its opposite end is anchored in the shank B and forms a grounded electrical connection. The coil K also permits the insertion of the bulb J within the hollow blade and the pushing of this bulb around the curve. This will locate the bulb so that direct radiation can pass therefrom to the end of the blade. A transparent closure L, preferably of Pyrex glass or other heat-resisting transparent material, seals the end of the blade so as to prevent access of moisture to the interior.
The detachable connection between the blade C and shank B may be of any suitable construction, but as shown consists in a threaded nipple M on the end of the shank engaging a threaded socket N on the blade.
The construction as described is capable of being sterilized by immersion in boiling water without injury thereto.
The surgeon, in using the instrument, can at any time operate the switch H to energize the bulb and to thereby illuminate the cavity.
One important feature of my invention is that the electrical illuminating means for the instrument is self-contained, requiring no external electrical connections. This is important, both for the purpose of facilitating sterilization and for not hampering the use of the instrument.
What I claim as my invention is:'
l. A surgical retractor comprising a hollow handle portion, a hollow curved blade portion detachably connected to said handle portion to extend laterally and outwardly therefrom, a transparent closure for the end of said hollow blade portion, an electric bulb adapted for insertion within said hollow blade portion, a flexible mounting for said bulb projecting outward from said handle portion and adapted to permit the passage of said bulb around a curved portion within said hollow blade into a position for substantially direct radiation out through said transparent end closure, 2. battery Within said hollow handle portion, and electrical connections between said battery and bulb including a switch operable from outside said handle.
2. A surgical retractor comprising a hollow handle portion having a hollow shank extending therefrom with a laterally extending bend therein, a hollow curved blade portion detachably connected to the end of said shank, a transparent closure for the end of said blade, an electric bulb tery, an insulator cap for the end of said hollow handle, and an electric switch mounted on said insulator cap to be operable from outside thereof, said switch controlling electrical connections be- 5 tween said battery and bulb.
HARRY M. KIRSCI-ICBAUM.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US429316A US2296793A (en) | 1942-02-02 | 1942-02-02 | Surgical retractor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US429316A US2296793A (en) | 1942-02-02 | 1942-02-02 | Surgical retractor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2296793A true US2296793A (en) | 1942-09-22 |
Family
ID=23702719
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US429316A Expired - Lifetime US2296793A (en) | 1942-02-02 | 1942-02-02 | Surgical retractor |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2296793A (en) |
Cited By (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3809091A (en) * | 1971-08-25 | 1974-05-07 | W Shute | Surgical instrument |
US4337763A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1982-07-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health, Education And Welfare | Illuminated surgical instrument |
EP0101781A1 (en) * | 1982-07-30 | 1984-03-07 | W.C. Heraeus GmbH | Retractor for surgical purposes |
US5967971A (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 1999-10-19 | Bolser; Jeffrey William | Surgical instrument |
US6077073A (en) * | 1998-09-15 | 2000-06-20 | Jacob; Gregory S. | Light emitting diode-array light apparatus |
US6080105A (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2000-06-27 | Spears; Robert A. | Illuminated dental and surgical retractor and kit including plurality of blades and blades recharging base |
US6231506B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2001-05-15 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for creating a working opening through an incision |
US6283912B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2001-09-04 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical retractor platform blade apparatus |
US6290644B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2001-09-18 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments and procedures for stabilizing a localized portion of a beating heart |
US6315717B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2001-11-13 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments for stabilizing the beating heart during coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
US6394951B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2002-05-28 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments and procedures for stabilizing the beating heart during coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
US20020065451A1 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 2002-05-30 | Spence Paul A. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US6406424B1 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2002-06-18 | Williamson, Iv Warren P. | Tissue stabilizer having an articulating lift element |
US20030009081A1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2003-01-09 | Chase Medical, Lp | Device and method for isolating a surface of a beating heart during surgery |
US6511416B1 (en) | 1999-08-03 | 2003-01-28 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Tissue stabilizer and methods of use |
US6626830B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2003-09-30 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Methods and devices for improved tissue stabilization |
US6685632B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2004-02-03 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments for accessing and stabilizing a localized portion of a beating heart |
US6702577B2 (en) * | 2002-05-01 | 2004-03-09 | Carl Parker Associates, Inc. | Dental or surgical illuminated mirror |
US6743170B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2004-06-01 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US6758808B2 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2004-07-06 | Cardiothoracic System, Inc. | Surgical instruments for stabilizing a localized portion of a beating heart |
US20040172105A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-09-02 | Vankoski Stephen J. | Lit retractor |
US6852075B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2005-02-08 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical devices for imposing a negative pressure to stabilize cardiac tissue during surgery |
US20050090822A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-04-28 | Dipoto Gene | Methods and apparatus for stabilizing the spine through an access device |
US20050165283A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2005-07-28 | Zimmer Technology, Inc. | Lit retractor |
US20050182301A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2005-08-18 | Zimmer Technology, Inc. | Lit retractor |
US6969349B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2005-11-29 | Origin Medsystem, Inc. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US20070010716A1 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-11 | Malandain Hugues F | Surgical access device, system, and methods of use |
US7179224B2 (en) | 2003-12-30 | 2007-02-20 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Organ manipulator and positioner and methods of using the same |
US20070060795A1 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2007-03-15 | Spotlight Surgical, Inc. | Lighted surgical retractors with LED illumination light engines |
US7219671B2 (en) | 1995-04-10 | 2007-05-22 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Method for coronary artery bypass |
US20070118119A1 (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-05-24 | Zimmer Spine, Inc. | Methods and device for dynamic stabilization |
US20070270656A1 (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2007-11-22 | Ardeshir Bayat | Disposable expandable cordless lighted retractor |
US20080108877A1 (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2008-05-08 | Ardeshir Bayat | Disposable expandable cordless lighted retractor |
US20090012562A1 (en) * | 2007-01-02 | 2009-01-08 | Zimmer Spine, Inc. | Spine stiffening device and associated method |
US7479104B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2009-01-20 | Maquet Cardiovascular, Llc | Organ manipulator apparatus |
US7931590B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2011-04-26 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Tissue stabilizer and methods of using the same |
US8083664B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2011-12-27 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Surgical stabilizers and methods for use in reduced-access surgical sites |
US9022998B2 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2015-05-05 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Blower instrument, apparatus and methods of using |
US9655605B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2017-05-23 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Surgical instruments, systems and methods of use |
US20170172404A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2017-06-22 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Vaginal speculum apparatus |
USD921197S1 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-06-01 | The Regents Of The University Of Colorado, A Body Corporate | Fin blade |
USD1009253S1 (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2023-12-26 | Esabelle Barton | Surgical instrument |
-
1942
- 1942-02-02 US US429316A patent/US2296793A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (95)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3809091A (en) * | 1971-08-25 | 1974-05-07 | W Shute | Surgical instrument |
US4337763A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1982-07-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health, Education And Welfare | Illuminated surgical instrument |
EP0101781A1 (en) * | 1982-07-30 | 1984-03-07 | W.C. Heraeus GmbH | Retractor for surgical purposes |
US7219671B2 (en) | 1995-04-10 | 2007-05-22 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Method for coronary artery bypass |
US7585277B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2009-09-08 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Surgical instruments and procedures for stabilizing the beating heart during coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
US6656113B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2003-12-02 | Cardiothoracic System, Inc. | Surgical instruments and procedures for stabilizing a localized portion of a beating heart |
US7056287B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2006-06-06 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments and procedures for stabilizing the beating heart during coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
US6893391B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2005-05-17 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical devices for imposing a negative pressure to stabilize cardiac tissue during surgery |
US8382654B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2013-02-26 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Surgical devices for imposing a negative pressure to stabilize the cardiac tissue during surgery |
US6290644B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2001-09-18 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments and procedures for stabilizing a localized portion of a beating heart |
US6315717B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2001-11-13 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments for stabilizing the beating heart during coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
US6852075B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2005-02-08 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical devices for imposing a negative pressure to stabilize cardiac tissue during surgery |
US6346077B1 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 2002-02-12 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instrument for stabilizing the beating heart during coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
US6394951B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2002-05-28 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments and procedures for stabilizing the beating heart during coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
US7335158B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2008-02-26 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical devices for imposing a negative pressure to stabilize the cardiac tissue during surgery |
US8277476B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2012-10-02 | Maguet Cardiovascular LLC | Surgical instruments and procedures for stabilizing the beating heart during coronary artery bypass graft |
US6743169B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2004-06-01 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments and procedures for stabilizing the beating heart during coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
US6701930B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2004-03-09 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments and procedures for stabilizing the beating heart during coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
US6673013B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2004-01-06 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments and procedures for stabilizing the beating heart during coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
US7497824B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2009-03-03 | Maquet Cardiovasculer, Llc | Surgical devices for imposing a negative pressure to stabilize cardiac tissue during surgery |
US7485090B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2009-02-03 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Surgical devices for imposing a negative pressure to stabilize cardiac tissue during surgery |
US6080105A (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2000-06-27 | Spears; Robert A. | Illuminated dental and surgical retractor and kit including plurality of blades and blades recharging base |
US20020161285A1 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 2002-10-31 | Spence Paul A. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US6743170B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2004-06-01 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US8162817B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2012-04-24 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US7476199B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2009-01-13 | Maquet Cardiovascular, Llc. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US7377895B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2008-05-27 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US7404792B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2008-07-29 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US7476196B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2009-01-13 | Maquet Cardiovascular, Llc | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US6969349B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2005-11-29 | Origin Medsystem, Inc. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US6705988B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2004-03-16 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US20020065451A1 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 2002-05-30 | Spence Paul A. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US7195591B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2007-03-27 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US8317695B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2012-11-27 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US8753266B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2014-06-17 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery |
US5967971A (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 1999-10-19 | Bolser; Jeffrey William | Surgical instrument |
WO1999052449A1 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 1999-10-21 | Jeffrey Bolser | Surgical instrument |
US6077073A (en) * | 1998-09-15 | 2000-06-20 | Jacob; Gregory S. | Light emitting diode-array light apparatus |
US7238155B2 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2007-07-03 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for creating a working opening through an incision |
US6685632B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2004-02-03 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical instruments for accessing and stabilizing a localized portion of a beating heart |
US9498198B2 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2016-11-22 | Maquet Cardiovascular, Llc | Surgical instruments for accessing and stabilizing a localized portion of a beating heart |
US6231506B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2001-05-15 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for creating a working opening through an incision |
US6283912B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2001-09-04 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical retractor platform blade apparatus |
US6331158B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2001-12-18 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Surgical retractor apparatus for operating on the heart through an incision |
US6652454B2 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2003-11-25 | Lawrence W. Hu | Method and apparatus for creating a working opening through an incision |
US7220228B2 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2007-05-22 | Cardiothoracic System, Inc. | Surgical retractor blade and system |
US7736307B2 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2010-06-15 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Surgical instruments for accessing and stabilizing a localized portion of a beating heart |
US6626830B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2003-09-30 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Methods and devices for improved tissue stabilization |
US20040143168A1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2004-07-22 | Hu Lawrence W. | Surgical instruments for accessing and stabilizing a localized portion of a beating heart |
US20030009081A1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2003-01-09 | Chase Medical, Lp | Device and method for isolating a surface of a beating heart during surgery |
US6740029B2 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 2004-05-25 | Chase Medical, L.P. | Device and method for isolating a surface of a beating heart during surgery |
US6511416B1 (en) | 1999-08-03 | 2003-01-28 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Tissue stabilizer and methods of use |
US7503891B2 (en) | 1999-08-03 | 2009-03-17 | Maquet Cardiovascular, Llc | Tissue stabilizer and methods of use |
US7326177B2 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2008-02-05 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Tissue stabilizer having an articulating lift element |
US6406424B1 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2002-06-18 | Williamson, Iv Warren P. | Tissue stabilizer having an articulating lift element |
US6758808B2 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2004-07-06 | Cardiothoracic System, Inc. | Surgical instruments for stabilizing a localized portion of a beating heart |
US6702577B2 (en) * | 2002-05-01 | 2004-03-09 | Carl Parker Associates, Inc. | Dental or surgical illuminated mirror |
US7931590B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2011-04-26 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Tissue stabilizer and methods of using the same |
US7371213B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2008-05-13 | Zimmer Technology, Inc. | Lit retractor |
US20050182301A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2005-08-18 | Zimmer Technology, Inc. | Lit retractor |
US7503894B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2009-03-17 | Zimmer Technology, Inc. | Lit retractor |
US20040172105A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-09-02 | Vankoski Stephen J. | Lit retractor |
US20050165283A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2005-07-28 | Zimmer Technology, Inc. | Lit retractor |
US10383612B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2019-08-20 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Organ manipulator apparatus |
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US8641598B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2014-02-04 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Organ manipulator apparatus |
US20050090822A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-04-28 | Dipoto Gene | Methods and apparatus for stabilizing the spine through an access device |
US7179224B2 (en) | 2003-12-30 | 2007-02-20 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Organ manipulator and positioner and methods of using the same |
US9949633B2 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2018-04-24 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Vaginal speculum apparatus |
US10376138B2 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2019-08-13 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Vaginal speculum apparatus |
US9883792B2 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2018-02-06 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Vaginal speculum apparatus |
US20170172404A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2017-06-22 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Vaginal speculum apparatus |
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