US2295315A - Microwave device - Google Patents

Microwave device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2295315A
US2295315A US285730A US28573039A US2295315A US 2295315 A US2295315 A US 2295315A US 285730 A US285730 A US 285730A US 28573039 A US28573039 A US 28573039A US 2295315 A US2295315 A US 2295315A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrons
cylinder
electrode
electrodes
source
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US285730A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolff Irving
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL68167D priority Critical patent/NL68167C/xx
Priority to NL101095D priority patent/NL101095B/xx
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US285730A priority patent/US2295315A/en
Priority to GB12023/40A priority patent/GB542182A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2295315A publication Critical patent/US2295315A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode

Definitions

  • -'li'liis invention relates to microwave devices and more especially to a centimeter wave thermionic tube oi the velocity modulation type.
  • Thermionic tubes designed for ultra high irequency oscillations, have been arranged so that the electrons o! a stream o r beam of electrons are grouped in fast and slow moving electronic clouds. Such grouping as a function of velocity isbrought about by the suitable application of electric iields and is known as velocity modulation.
  • the present invention has for one of its objects the provision oi improved means for velocity f modulating a stream of electrons. Another object is to provide an emcient velocity modulation tube. Another object is to provide a microwave tube of the velocity modulation type occupying a smaller volume than heretofore considered practical. An additional object is to provide means Y for applying multiple velocity modulation to a stream of electrons.
  • a ilrst half wave split anode electrode Il is mounted within the envelope adjacent the cylindricalelectrode and in axial alignment therewith.
  • a second half wave split anode electrode I3 is mounted within the envelope coaxially with and spaced from the iirst mentioned half wave electrode.
  • Transmission lines l5, i1 are connected respectively to the rst and second half wave electrodes and are terminated respectively in an input circuit I9 and an output circuit 2
  • the ends of each oi the two half wave split anode electrodes are connected respectively by short circuiting rings 23.
  • a hollow conical collecting electrode 25 is disposed between the adjacent ends of the half wave electrodes l l, i3.
  • the cylindrical electrode 1, and split anode electrodes Il, I3 are biased positively with respect to the electron source I.
  • the controlling electrodes 3, 5 and the collecting electrodes 25, 21 are also biased positively.
  • the envelope is surrounded by a solenoid 3U,
  • the rotation period oi' the electrons within the split anode electrode il and i3 is the same as the period oi the currents applied to the input transmission line it, electrons will pass the slit between the anode electrodes in the same phase. Ii' desired, more slits can be used, in which case the, period of the applied current would be a higher multiple of the rotation period. Therefore. certain electrons will be decelerated while others will be accelerated. The accelerated electrons will have the radius of their paths increased; the decelerated electrons vwill have the radius of their paths decreased. The decelerated which is shown in section to avoid complicating 55 electrons, moving in smaller circles, will be collected by the conical electrode 25, which is preierably designed to dissipate the heat developed by the electron impact.
  • the final collecting electrode I is made preferably of a material which will radiate the heat generated by electron impact without liberating gases.
  • the invention has been described as a microwave amplier of the velocity modulation type.
  • the electrons rotate within split anode electrodes to form therein hollow cylinders of electrons.
  • the electrons advance toward collecting electrodes.
  • the electrons are grouped or modulated to form a variable charge density and the slower electrons are collected.
  • the thus modulated electrons generate amplified voltages in the second split anode electrode.
  • the electrons are collected by a final electrode.
  • the number of modulations within the split anode electrode depends upon the rate at which the electrons advance toward the ilnal electrode. A multiple number of modulations may be readily and eiliciently obtained within a vsmall space.
  • the number of rotations the electrons make insidethe split electrode mustbe adjusted, having several factors in mind: The greater the number of rotations, the greater the sensitivity. However, the width of the pass band ofthe system becomes less. Also, a tendency towards regeneration becomes greater since the electrons with reduced orbit diameters have less eil'ect on the electrodes and, .to a certain extent, charge density effects are obtained even before the slower moving electrons are removed. If the input I9 and the output 2l are coupled, feedback, in appropriate phase, will cause-continuous oscillations to be generated.
  • a microwave device including in combination a source of electrons, controlling electrodes, a first and a second split anode electrode, means for forming electrons emitted from said source into an advancing rotating substantially hollow cylinder of electrons, means for directing said cylinder of electrons through said split anode electrodes, means for applying alternating currents to one of said split anode electrodes, means for adjusting the rotational rate of said electrons Within one of said split anode electrodes to correspond to the period of said alternating currents so that certain electrons are accelerated and others decelerated and thereby arranged in rotating variable charge density groups, means for directing the accelerated electrons of said variable charge-density electrons groups through the other of said split yanode electrodes so that voltages are generated therein, vand means for utilizing said voltages.
  • a microwave device including in combination a source of electrons, electron' controlling electrodes', a pair of half wave split anode electrodes coaxially arranged with respect to said source and in spaced relation, means for forming electrons emitted from said gun into an advancing rotating substantially hollow cylinder of electrons, means for directing said cylinder of electrons through said split anode electrodes, an input circuit, means for impressing alternating currents applied to said input circuit upon the nrst of said split anode electrodes, means for adjusting the rotational period ot said cylinder oi electrons to correspond to the period of said alternating currents so that certain of the electrons of said cylinder are accelerated and others decelerated, means for collecting the decelerated electrons whereby' the remaining electrons form variable charge density groups in the rotating cylinder, means ⁇ for passing the variable charge density electron groups through said second split anode-electrode to generate voltages therein. an output circuit for utilizing said voltages, and a collecting electrode for collecting electrons passing
  • an evacuated envelope including a source oi electrons, means for establishing a magnetic iield, means for establishing an electric ileld, means for adjusting at least one of said ilelds so that the electrons from said source form a substantially hollow rotating electronic cylinder of increasing diameter, and means for converting said cylinder of increasing diameter into a cylinder of substantially constant diameter.
  • an evacuated envelope including a source of electrons, means for establishing a non-uniform magnetic ileld, means for establishing an'lelectric neld, means for adjusting at least one oi said fields so that the electrons from said source form a substantially hollow rotating and advancing electronic cylinder oi increasing diameter, and means for converting said cylinder of increasing diameter into a cylinder of substantially constant diameter.
  • evacuated envelope including a source of electrons, means for establishing' an electric ileld, means for establishing a magnetic field o! increasing strength adjacent said source, means for adjusting at least one of said fields so that the electrons from said source form a substantially hollow rotating electronic cylinder of increasing diameter, and means for converting said cylinder of increasing diameter into a cylinder of substantially constant diameter.
  • an evacuated envelope including a source of electrons, means for establishing a magnetic ileld, hollow truncated conical electrodes for establishing electric nelds, said magnetic and electric nelds being arranged to form the electrons emitted from said source into a rotating substantially hollow cylinder oi 'increasing diameter, and means for converting said cylinder of increasing diameter into a cylinder of substantially constant diameter.
  • a.v device of the character described means for establishing a substantially hollow rotating and advancing electronic cylinder, and a collecting electrode for said electrons, said electrode including a plurality of vanes arranged along the line oisaid advancing electrons and increasing in width along said line.
  • i 11 In a device oi the character described.
  • said electrode including a plurality of vanes' arranged in ⁇ intersecting planes and having increasing area along the line of said advancing electrons whereby secondary electrons emitted by the collection van'es.
  • the said 'gap being of suincient length so that individual electrons are caused to pass the gap a plurality of times, means for impressing a high frequency voltage between the said conducting members, thereby to produce variations in the 'orbital velocity of the various electrons as a result of the potential gradients developed across the said gap, and energy-abstracting means positioned to be affected by variations existing in the electron stream at a point which is axially displaced from the said gap.
  • High frequency apparatus including means for producing a stream of orbitally moving electrons in which the center of orbital motion progresses along a given axis, a pair of semi-cylindrical conductive parts which are juxtaposed to dene a cylindrical chamber arranged for traversal by the electron stream, the said parts being mutually spaced to provide axially extending gaps between their juxtaposededges, means for impressing a high frequency voltage between the semi-cylindrical parts so as to vary the orbital velocity of the various electrons in accordance with the potential gradients thus developed across the said gaps, a second pair of semi-cylindrical conducting parts axially displaced from the nrst pair and arranged to dene a second hollow chamber which is traversed by the electron stream after its traversal of the nrst chamber, said second pair of parts beingalso mutually spaced to provide axially extending gaps between their juxtaposed edges, said gaps being generally parallel to the mst-mentioned gaps, and circuit means connected between the second pair
  • High frequency apparatus including.' a source of electrons, means dening a chamber traversed by electrons emittedrom said source, spaced conductive members adjacent the path of the electrons and providing between them a narrow gap which extends longitudinally of the chamber, means connecting with the said con-V ductive members for impressing between them a cyclically varying voltage of predetermined irequency,.means including a source of magnetic ux for causing the electrons traversing the chamber to follow a generally helical path of suoli character that the individual electrons are brought several times into proximity with said gap before passing beyond its extremity, the average orbital transit time of the electrons being appropriete to assure that the electron velocity variations produced at the said gap are cumulative for each successive electron passage. and energyabstracting means adaptent@ be affected by the variations existing in the .stream at a region which is displaced from the said flrst-namedr yregion in a direction along the axis oi. the electron path. f
  • High frequency apparatus including means for producing a stream of orbitally moving electrons in which the center of orbital motion progresses along a given axis, a pairof spaced conducting members dening an elongated gap f which extends generally parallel to said axis in proximity to the electron stream, the said gap being vof suilicient length sothat individual electrons are caused to pass the gap a plurality of timesf means for'impressing a high frequency voltage between the said conducting members thereby to produce variations in the orbital velocity of the various electrons as a result of the potential gradients developed across the said gap, additional spaced conducting members denning a second elongated gap extending generally parallel to the rst gap in a region which is axially displaced therefrom, and' circuit means connected with the said additional conducting members and adapted to be excited thereby in accordance with variations existing in the electron stream upon its traversal of thesaid second gap.
  • High frequency apparatus including means for producing a stream of orbitally moving electrons in which the center of orbital motion progresses along a given axis, spaced conducting members denning a pair of circumferentially displaced parallely gaps which extend substantially parallel to the axis of the electron stream in close proximity to the stream, each gap being of. sufmon.
  • High frequency apparatus including means for producing a stream of orbitally moving electrons in which the center of orbital motion prograsses along a given axis, a pair of semi-cylindrical conductive parts which are juxtaposed to ce a cylindrical chamber varranged icr traversal by the electrons stream, the said parts being mutually spaced to provide axially extending gaps between their juxtaposed edges, means for impressinga high frequency voltage between the semi-cylindrical parts so Aas to vary the orbital velocity of the various electrons in accordance with the potential gradients thus developed across the said gaps, and energy-abstracting means arranged to be affected by the variations existing in the electron stream subsequent to its traversal of the said chamber.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US285730A 1939-07-21 1939-07-21 Microwave device Expired - Lifetime US2295315A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL68167D NL68167C (xx) 1939-07-21
NL101095D NL101095B (xx) 1939-07-21
US285730A US2295315A (en) 1939-07-21 1939-07-21 Microwave device
GB12023/40A GB542182A (en) 1939-07-21 1940-07-22 Improvements in microwave devices

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US285730A US2295315A (en) 1939-07-21 1939-07-21 Microwave device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2295315A true US2295315A (en) 1942-09-08

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US285730A Expired - Lifetime US2295315A (en) 1939-07-21 1939-07-21 Microwave device

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US2295315A (xx)
GB (1) GB542182A (xx)
NL (2) NL68167C (xx)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2415470A (en) * 1943-04-21 1947-02-11 Rca Corp Magnetron
US2424965A (en) * 1942-03-20 1947-08-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd High-frequency amplifier and oscillator
US2446826A (en) * 1943-04-14 1948-08-10 Gen Electric Magnetron
US2452077A (en) * 1944-01-19 1948-10-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Electric discharge device
US2466064A (en) * 1943-06-28 1949-04-05 Sperry Corp Velocity modulation apparatus
US2474938A (en) * 1944-09-12 1949-07-05 Raytheon Mfg Co Cavity resonator electron discharge device
US2496500A (en) * 1945-07-18 1950-02-07 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device
US2497092A (en) * 1945-02-12 1950-02-14 James R Monre Transmitter-receiver connections in radio object-locating systems
US2509419A (en) * 1945-04-09 1950-05-30 Raytheon Mfg Co Amplifier of the magnetron type
US2535793A (en) * 1946-01-08 1950-12-26 Rca Corp Magnetron
US2565357A (en) * 1948-06-30 1951-08-21 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2685046A (en) * 1949-11-01 1954-07-27 Rca Corp Magnetron
US2752523A (en) * 1951-05-15 1956-06-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2830221A (en) * 1951-10-01 1958-04-08 Rca Corp Traveling wave tubes
US3011086A (en) * 1957-11-29 1961-11-28 Applied Radiation Corp Means for selecting electron beam energy
US3073991A (en) * 1958-09-29 1963-01-15 Raytheon Co Electron sorting devices
US3106678A (en) * 1960-04-12 1963-10-08 Avco Corp Electronic motion detector for simultaneously detecting and measuring position, velocity, and acceleration in three dimensions

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2424965A (en) * 1942-03-20 1947-08-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd High-frequency amplifier and oscillator
US2446826A (en) * 1943-04-14 1948-08-10 Gen Electric Magnetron
US2415470A (en) * 1943-04-21 1947-02-11 Rca Corp Magnetron
US2466064A (en) * 1943-06-28 1949-04-05 Sperry Corp Velocity modulation apparatus
US2452077A (en) * 1944-01-19 1948-10-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Electric discharge device
US2474938A (en) * 1944-09-12 1949-07-05 Raytheon Mfg Co Cavity resonator electron discharge device
US2497092A (en) * 1945-02-12 1950-02-14 James R Monre Transmitter-receiver connections in radio object-locating systems
US2509419A (en) * 1945-04-09 1950-05-30 Raytheon Mfg Co Amplifier of the magnetron type
US2496500A (en) * 1945-07-18 1950-02-07 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device
US2535793A (en) * 1946-01-08 1950-12-26 Rca Corp Magnetron
US2565357A (en) * 1948-06-30 1951-08-21 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2685046A (en) * 1949-11-01 1954-07-27 Rca Corp Magnetron
US2752523A (en) * 1951-05-15 1956-06-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2830221A (en) * 1951-10-01 1958-04-08 Rca Corp Traveling wave tubes
US3011086A (en) * 1957-11-29 1961-11-28 Applied Radiation Corp Means for selecting electron beam energy
US3073991A (en) * 1958-09-29 1963-01-15 Raytheon Co Electron sorting devices
US3106678A (en) * 1960-04-12 1963-10-08 Avco Corp Electronic motion detector for simultaneously detecting and measuring position, velocity, and acceleration in three dimensions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB542182A (en) 1941-12-30
NL68167C (xx)
NL101095B (xx)

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