US2293694A - Directive radio system for guiding arrangements - Google Patents

Directive radio system for guiding arrangements Download PDF

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Publication number
US2293694A
US2293694A US303206A US30320639A US2293694A US 2293694 A US2293694 A US 2293694A US 303206 A US303206 A US 303206A US 30320639 A US30320639 A US 30320639A US 2293694 A US2293694 A US 2293694A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
energy
antennae
antenna
beacon
course
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US303206A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alford Andrew
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Internat Telephone & Radio Manufacturing
International Telephone & Radio Manufacturing Corp
Original Assignee
Internat Telephone & Radio Manufacturing
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE442246D priority Critical patent/BE442246A/xx
Application filed by Internat Telephone & Radio Manufacturing filed Critical Internat Telephone & Radio Manufacturing
Priority to US303206A priority patent/US2293694A/en
Priority to GB13291/40A priority patent/GB563007A/en
Priority to FR867847D priority patent/FR867847A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2293694A publication Critical patent/US2293694A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves

Definitions

  • a further difiiculty with guiding beacons when used for course localizers results from reflecting objects in the path of the back radiation causing variations in the front or principal guiding course which will cause false courses usually termed multiple courses. This trouble may be reduced by constructing an arrangement such that the radiation in the direction of the principal objects causing these disturbances is reduced to a minimum.
  • a particular signal identifying the landing field be transmitted so that the pilot may be informed of the identity of the landing field.
  • I provide a system utilizing an antenna arrangement similar to that used for a guiding beacon for receiving signals from a broadcasting station so that a line of direction toward the station may be positively established.
  • Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are radiation diagrams used for explaining the operation of the beacon of Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a preferred embodiment of my invention for producing a two-course landing beacon
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of a radio beacon in accordance with my invention provided with means for producing quadrant identification
  • Figs. 11 and 12 are alternative keying arrangements for use with the system illustrated in Fig. 9, and
  • I ma provide an impedance matching means such as element I25 connected across transmission line I2I.
  • radio beacons of the type shown in Figs. 1 to 6 are located near the end of a landing runway, the radiations therefrom in one direction ma be termed the forward course which the airplane follows in coming to a landing.
  • the radiations in the opposite direction may be termed the backward course or back course and serve merely to indicate to an aircraft the direction toward the landing field, but primarily for guiding the craft along the landing line.
  • These back radiations are generally subject to reflection to a higher degree than the forward radiations, since the beacon is usually located at one end of the field and nearby objects are more likely to be located in a region of the back radiations. Reflection of energy from the back course into the forward path causes distortions of the energy as received on the airplane and may produce several false or multiple courses.
  • tuning for the purpose of controlling the direction patterns may be effected in any desired manner.
  • Fig. 8 is shown, by way of example, a radiation diagram obtained using a system similar to that illustrated in Fig. 7.
  • 00 I show the various patterns on each side of the course caused by the radiation from the beacon.
  • the radiation fields are considerably shortened due to the use of the reflecting antenna structure and may be adjusted to have a minimum, substantially at any desired angle 0, corresponding to the direction of the location of a reflecting object.
  • this angle 9 may be varied by the tuning and adjusting of the parasitic radiators 10! to 103, inclusive, so as to assure neutralization of reflected energy from any particular direction.
  • beacons utilized for guiding purposes it is often desirable that means be provided for indicating on the aircraft if an approach is made to the side of the beacon so as to indicate the presence of the landing field in the vicinity.
  • a system such as illustrated in Fig. 9.
  • a beacon comprising three antennae IOI, I02, I03, is illustrated diagrammatically in plan view.
  • This beacon may be similar to that shown in Figs. 1 or 5, and if desired, modulation identifying the courses may comprise low frequency signals, for example 90 and 150 cycle signals.
  • modulation identifying the courses may comprise low frequency signals, for example 90 and 150 cycle signals.
  • On either side of central radiator IOI are provided two auxiliary antennae 90, 9
  • Fig. 12 a further embodiment of a keying means which may be used in accordance with my invention.
  • the units 90 and SI are shown controlled by a keying means I200 which serves to alternately connect lines I20I, I202, to a tuning transmission line I203 or to a further control circuit indicated generally at I204. Movement of the relay contacts is controlled by relays I205, I 206, so that when antenna 90 is connected to lin I 203, antenna 9
  • This type of arrangement may be utilized with a beacon of the type shown in Fig. 9, and may provide a further identifying signal for indicating the identity of the station.
  • the identifying signals should be applied to the reflecting arrangement in the manner shown in Fig. 12.
  • the dot-dash frequency may be applied to the reflectors 90, SI and simultaneously the identification frequency may be applied thereto without interrupting either of the courses.
  • should preferably be made equal to substantially a quarter wavelength or odd multiple thereof electrically so that at the time the tubes are blocked, the unit connected thereto is working into substantially an infinite impedance, Whereas when the tubes are unblocked the unit 9
  • the antenna arrangement such as illustrated in Figs. 1, 6 and '7 may be utilized for the purpose of direction finding if desired, without any substantial change in the circuit other than the substitution of a receiver for the transmitter.
  • One such arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 13.
  • the three antennae IOI, I02, I03 are shown diagrammatically as being of the type for receiving horizontal polarized waves, although it is clear that any type of antennae may be used.
  • the energy received over antenna IOI and antennae I02, I03 are separately fed through a hybrid network to lines I3I0, I3II. In lines I3I0, I3I I then energy from the two sides of the course, as illustrated by the patterns of Fig. 4, will be obtained.
  • a preferred form of receiver as shown in Fig. 13, constitutes modulating means I3I2, I3I3, in lines I3I0, I3II.
  • the modulated energy is then fed over a conjugate network I3I4 to an amplifying receiver I3I5 where the energy is amplified and detected to produce the modulation envelopes.
  • a directive radiant acting system wherein said system operates as a radio beacon, said translating means comprising a transmitter and means for modulating said transmitted energy with diiferent distinctive signals, further comprising means for applying said separately modulated signals to said conjugate coupling means in conjugate relation, for feeding said central member and said other members.
  • a directive radiant acting system according to claim 1, further comprising parasitically energized radiant acting members arranged in spaced relation on the outer side of each of said other radiant acting members, whereby the directive sharpness of said system is increased.
  • said translating means comprises a receiver and an indicator, separate input circuits for said receiver coupled to conjugate points on said conjugate coupling means, Whereby energy from said radiant acting members is separately supplied to said input circuits, and means in said input circuit for imparting dis- 7 tinctive characteristics to energy supplied to said receiver from said circuits.
  • a directive radiant acting system further comprising an additional central radiant acting member, other additional radiant acting members arranged on either side of said additional central radiant acting member, said additional radiant acting members being spaced in the same direction from corresponding ones of said radiant acting members, means for tuning each of said additional radiant acting members to resonance for parasitic energization from corresponding radiant acting members, and means for detuning said other additional radiant acting members from resonance for energy derived from said central members.
  • a directive radiant acting system according to claim 1, further comprising additional radiant acting members arranged on opposite sides of said central radiant iacting member and spaced therefrom, and means for alternately tuning said additional radiant acting members to resonance at the working frequency.
  • a directive radiant acting system wherein said system constitutes a transmitting radio beacon, further comprising additional radiant acting members arranged on opposite sides of said central radiant acting memher and spaced therefrom, means for altern ately tuning said additional radiant acting members to resonance at the working frequency, and means for imparting to said beacon a further signal for identifying said transmitter.
  • a radio beacon comprising means for radiating overlapping fields having distinctive signal characteristics in each of two directions to define a course line, reflector means spaced on both sides of said radiating means in the direction of said course line on opposite sides of said radiating means, and means for rendering said reflector means alternately effective in predetermined relation to identify the opposite sides of said course line.
  • a radio beacon comprising a first radiator, a pair of radiators spaced a distance between a quarter wavelength and a half wavelength at the working frequency on either side of said first radiator, a four armed bridge network, means for connecting said pair of radiators in phase opposition to an apex of said network, means for connecting the opposite apex of said bridge network to said first radiator, a pair of energy sources of the same frequency modulated with distinctive signals, means for connecting said energy sources to respectively opposite corners of said network whereby energy from said sources is fed to said first radiator cophasally and to said pair of radiators in phase opposition, means for phasing the energy from one of said sources in phase opposition to the energy from the other source in said pair of radiators, and means for tuning said pair of radiators to oscillate parasitically with respect to energy absorbed cophasally.
  • a radio beacon further comprising a first reflecting antenna and a pair of reflecting antennae spaced therefrom and spaced from said respective ones of said radiators, means for tuning said reflecting antennae to the operating frequency for parasitic energization from the corresponding radiator, means detuning said pair of reflecting antennae with respect to cophasal energization from said first radiator whereby parasitic action from this source is eliminated, and means for transmitting from said beacons further signals for identifying said beacon.
  • a radio beacon according to claim 10 further comprising a first reflecting antenna and a pair of reflecting antennae spaced therefrom and spaced from said respective ones of said radiators, means for tuning said reflecting antennae to the operating frequency. for parasitic energization from the corresponding radiator, and means detuning said pair of reflecting antennae with respect to cophasal energization from said first radiator whereby parasitic action from this source is eliminated.
  • a radio beacon according to claim 10 further comprising a reflecting antenna system spaced from said beacon radiators, said system comprising three antennae corresponding to respective radiations, adjustable means for tuning said antennae for parasitic operation as reflectors, and adjustable conductor means physically a multiple of wavelengths long and electrically an odd multiple of wavelengths long interconnecting the tuning means to said antennae corresponding to said pair of radiators, whereby an ef fective short circuit may be produced for detuning said antennae with respect to cophasal parasitic energization.
  • a radio beacon according to claim 10 further comprising parasitic antennae spaced from said first radiator on opposite sides thereof and substantially equi-distant from the radiators of said pair of radiators, means for tuning and detuning said antennae alternately to produce interlocking signals transversely of the course defined by said beacon.
  • a radio beacon according to claim 10 further comprising parasitic means spaced from said first radiator on opposite sides thereof and substantially equi-distant from the radiators of said pair of radiators, means for tuning and detuning said antennae alternately to produce interlocking signals transversely of the course defined by said beacon, and means for imparting to said antennae a distinctive audio frequency modulation for identifying the station during the detuned alternate period thereof.
  • a radio direction finder comprising an energy receiving antenna system including, a first antenna, and other antennae spaced on either side of said first antenna, a bridge network having four arms, one of said arms being electrically half a Wavelength greater than the other arms, means connecting said first antenna to one corner of said bridge, means connecting said other antennae in phase opposition to the diagonally opposite corner of said bridge, transmission lines connected respectively to the other diagonally opposed corners of said bridge, means for imparting distinctive characteristics to energy received from said antenna system in said transmission lines, and means responsive to the received energy with said different characteristics for indicating the orientation of said antenna system with respect to a source of received energy.
  • a radio direction finder comprising an energy receiving antenna system including, a first antenna, and other antennae spaced on either side of said first antenna, a bridge network having four arms, one of said arms being electrically half a wavelength greater than the other arms, means connecting said first antenna to one corner of said bridge, means connecting said other antennae in phase opposite to the diagonally opposition corner of said bridge, transmission lines connected respectively to the other diagonally opposed corners of said bridge, means for detecting the energy impressed in said transmission lines, and means responsive to the detected energy for indicating the orientation of said antenna system with respect to a source of received energy.
  • a radio direction finder according to claim 16, further comprising means for amplifying and detecting said distinctively characterized energy and means for separating said detected energy in accordance with said distinctive characteristics interposed between said means for imparting distinctive characteristics and said means for indicating.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
US303206A 1939-11-07 1939-11-07 Directive radio system for guiding arrangements Expired - Lifetime US2293694A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE442246D BE442246A (en(2012)) 1939-11-07
US303206A US2293694A (en) 1939-11-07 1939-11-07 Directive radio system for guiding arrangements
GB13291/40A GB563007A (en) 1939-11-07 1940-08-21 Directive antenna system for guiding and direction finding arrangements
FR867847D FR867847A (fr) 1939-11-07 1940-11-29 Systèmes radioélectriques directifs

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US303206A US2293694A (en) 1939-11-07 1939-11-07 Directive radio system for guiding arrangements

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2293694A true US2293694A (en) 1942-08-25

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ID=23171005

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US303206A Expired - Lifetime US2293694A (en) 1939-11-07 1939-11-07 Directive radio system for guiding arrangements

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US2293694A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE442246A (en(2012))
FR (1) FR867847A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB563007A (en(2012))

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2424968A (en) * 1942-06-02 1947-08-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Directive antenna system
US2434927A (en) * 1942-11-10 1948-01-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Antenna system for defining a blind approach path
US2577443A (en) * 1946-12-12 1951-12-04 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Radio beacon system
US2578961A (en) * 1948-01-15 1951-12-18 Fr Sadir Carpentier Soc Radio-guiding system
US2765461A (en) * 1952-08-01 1956-10-02 Alford Andrew Monidirectional range system
US3283325A (en) * 1962-06-13 1966-11-01 Jones Spencer Selth Duniam Directive transmitter system for aircraft runway approach

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2424968A (en) * 1942-06-02 1947-08-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Directive antenna system
US2434927A (en) * 1942-11-10 1948-01-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Antenna system for defining a blind approach path
US2577443A (en) * 1946-12-12 1951-12-04 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Radio beacon system
US2578961A (en) * 1948-01-15 1951-12-18 Fr Sadir Carpentier Soc Radio-guiding system
US2765461A (en) * 1952-08-01 1956-10-02 Alford Andrew Monidirectional range system
US3283325A (en) * 1962-06-13 1966-11-01 Jones Spencer Selth Duniam Directive transmitter system for aircraft runway approach

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR867847A (fr) 1941-11-29
GB563007A (en) 1944-07-26
BE442246A (en(2012))

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