US2292664A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 11, .1942.

J. P. scHwAR-rz OIL BRNER Filed lrh .-21, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,MMM

I oIL BURNERJ Filed March 2.1, -1940 n 3 sheets-sheet 2 'f6 4 A 5i 5 -l- 2 V l Elg- 3 //7| V n 45' n' La@ 20A l f I Y T2 '44, i? l y i l his Aorney;

, All@ 11,1942. J. P. scHwAR-rz w 2,292,664

OIL Bumml Filed March 21, 1940 v"s sheets-sheet s Inven'on Joseph E Schu/mi2 Patented Aug. 11, 1942 Josemi r. summa, st. raul,

Minn. o

Application Magen 21, 1940, serial No. 325,204

' 2 claim. (01.158416) My invention, provides an improved and'highly enlcient oil burner adapted to burn not only volatile but very heavy and low-grade hydro-carbon oils, such as crude oil. Generally stated, the

invention consists of the novel devices, combina.-A

tions of devices'and arrangement of parts, and of an improved method or process, whereby the objects above generally stated are accomplished.

As a salient feature ofthe invention, the air, for supporting the combustion of the hydro-carbon iiuid, is caused to travel spirally in the form of a hollow cylinder or tube and the oil or hydrocarbon iiuidis projected radially outward from the axis ofthe air cylinder and against the inner surface of the spirally rotating air. In this way the hydro-carbon and air are thoroughly commingled with a body of air that has a relatively slow axial movement, but has a relatively high angular velocity. This commingling of the f air and hydro-carbon is caused to take place within a relatively closed portion of the commingling chamber of the burner and before lthe commingled hydro-carbon and air are projected intp`V the furnace. By this briey'indicated arran'iement andy operation, the initial combustion f, willgiause gasification of the hydro-carbon within the burner, and the completionof the combustion within the furnace. o

. From the improved arrangement various other highly important actions are caused to take place; but these are a'matter that will be more' readily understood after having nrst described a commercial form of the improved 'burner illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Referring tothe drawings, wherein like characters indicate like parts throughout the several viewsi o l Fig. 1 is a vertical axial section taken through ,thecomplete burner and showing the same positioned to discharge into the furnace; o

Fig.'2 is 'a fragmentary plan view showing the Fig. `3 is a-horizontal sectlon'taken approximatelyxon the line`3-3 of Fig. 1; .o

4 is an end elevation looking at the burner from the rear end of F18. 1; v f.

Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken on the irregular line. -5 of Fig. 3, looking at, the same "view: 1

` discharge or vdelivery end portion of the burner;

Fig. 7 is a transverse section 1-1 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 8 is a view in elevation looking at the delivery end of the burner and in a direction from the right toward the left in respect to Figs. -1 and 3; and

Fig. 9 is an enlarged perspective showing the so-called spinnerhead of the burner, which constitutes an important feature of the invention.

The spinner head is madeup of a. pair of dished or bowl-like members I2 and I3 that are tied togetherI and spaced by circumferentially spaced deectlng blades I4 preferably cast integral therewith forming a. j structure, the details of which are best illustrated in Fig. 9. For an important purpose, hereinafter to be more fully disclosed, the deecting blades I4, as best shown in Fig. 6,'are oblique to lines radiating from the axis of the spinner head or, otherwise stated, are tangential t'o an imaginary circle drawn aboutmldway between the axis` and the perimeter of the spinner head so that, as will hereinafter more fully appear, they will act'upon the air delivered thereto to set up a whirling or spiral movement of the air. Preferably, as shown, ,these deecting blades have thickened central portions so that wire conduits and a uid delivery pipe may be extended therethrough. f

The said inner and outer sections I2 and I3 are provided, respecticely, with hub portions I2' and I3'. A relatively large outer air tube I5 is securedto and projects from the hub I3', and a core, in the form of an inner tube I6, is secured to the hub I 2' and extends into the outer tube I5 but is spaced therefrom to form an annular-,air channel I1 that leads from the space between the -two sections I2 and I3. The inner tube I6 ter- I8 that extends to the tube I5 and affords at least a part of an initial combustion chamber I9 just outward of the adjacent end of inner tube I6. Preferably, this head or ring I8 is v,outwardly \con tracted and its inner end is`te1escoped into. the

taken on the line l and certain other devices. The f an casing indicated by the numeral 23, in radial section is concavo-convex and the edge of the extendedwall thereof is rigidly but-detachably secured to the outer shell I3 by suitable means, such as machine screws 24. In the preferred' arrangement this fan casing is cast integral or otherwise rigidly secured to an extended base upon which is'mounted an electric motor 26. The rotor shaft 21 of this motor carries the fan head, preferably made up of a disc 28 with circumferentially spaced blades 29. 'I'he disc, 28 runs quite closely to the rear edge lof the inner shell I2 and the blades 29 are on the receiving side of the fan head. The fan casing 23 which has a large axial air intake passage 30 and an approximately cylindrical housing 3I is secured on the base plate 25 and to the fan casing 23 and-encloses the electric motor 26 andalso an oil pump 32 which latter is driven in Athe well-known manner from the rotor of the from the fan casing 23 and the rear end of thev base 25.

The oil or hydro-carbon fuel is shown as supplied from the pump 32 through an oil delivery pipe, as shown, made up of sections 39, 40, 4I and 42, the latter of which terminates in a spraying head 43. The pipe section 40 is shown as extended through one of the delecting blades I4. The oil pipe section 42 is axially located within the inner tube I6 and is rigidly secured to a bearing bracket 44 mounted on the interior of said tube I6. The spraying head 43 is located approximately at or just forward of the front drawn through the casing and the air intake passage 30 will, vby centrifugal force, be thrown against the concave surface of the fan casing 23 and will be directed into the channel formed between the shells I2 and I3 and will be thrown against the deflect-.ing blades I4 and from thence will be forced through the tubular a.r channel I1. Under the action of the fan, in addition to forcing the -air in the direction stated, the fan blast will initiate or start a whirling movement of the air and as the air comes into contact with the deecting blades I4, this whirling motion of the air will be greatly increased so that the air passing through the tubular air channel I1 will travel a spiral course;

This spiral travel of the air will be at relatively highvelocity but the forward advance movement of the air will be relatively slow so that the airwhen it passes beyond the inner tube I6 will continue its spiral travel or spinning rotation within the annular firing head or ring I8. The total volume of air thus delivered can be regulated by adjustments of the intake valve 35 so that the amount of air may be properly proportioned in respect to the oil or hydro-carbon delivered into the spirally travelling air. The oil spray discharged from the head 43 will be projected outward and against the inner portion of the tubular air blast that is within the annular firing head or ring. The angle at which the fluid fuel may be projected may vary, but will preferably be Iabout as indicated by dotted lines marked on Fig. 1.

It is highly important that this initial commingling o f the hydro-carbon uid and the air take place within the burner proper and before the commingled air and fuel arc delivered into the furnace. In actual practice I have foundy that the. initial combustion will start quite close to the head 43 and within the annular firing head, and that the combustion will be substantially as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 3. 'l'.'he anend of the tube I6 and in the preferred arrangement has obliquely directed perforations that will cause the oil to be projected approximately on angles indicated by dotted lines on Fig. 1.

In this burner I have preferably employed ignition means including a pair of electrodes 45,

the sparking points of which are located close to but just in advance of the spraying head or nozzle 43. These electrodes 45 are extended through insulating sleeves 46 secured to the bearing bracket 44. The wires 45 that lead to the said electrodes 45 are shown as extended outward through insulating sleeves 41 passed through certain of the deilecting blades I4. These wires 45 will lead to and from a high tension transformer 48 shown as mounted on the casing 3I and elec- Operation Under the action of the fan rotated in a counter-clockwise direction in respect to Fig. 5, or in a clockwise direction in respect to Fig. 6, the air.

nular ring head or ring will confine the flame or initial combustion so that the flame will not' expand to any great extent until it has passed out of the firing ring, whereupon it will be rapidly expanded within the furnace.

By careful tests I have demonstrated that the so-called short ends of the oil will start combustion close to the head 43 and the ignition electrodes, while the long ends of the oil will be shot or driven further into the surrounding spirallyV .whirling air, but will be intercepted by that portion of the air that is travelling at high angular velocity but with slow axial movement against the inner surface f the firing ring. The above action is indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 3 whicli indicate the fact that actual combustion of the oil against the inner surface of the firing ring does not take place, due to the fact that the air in4 contact with the firing ring acts as sort of a cushion, preventing the oil from lactually coming into contact with the said ring.

This action is improved by contracting or tapering the ring ring substantially as shown.

As the burning mixture of air and oil passes out of the burner proper and into the combustion chamber of the furnace, the whirling sprirally travelling movement causes the flame to rapidly expand radially rather than axially of the projected flame. 'Ihis action is due largely to the relatively slow axial movement of the air in respect to the whirling movement.y

In contra-distinction to high-pressure oil burners which project a long shaft-like name, this burner produces a wide rapidly expanding ame. This Aaction is made possible by the projection of the oil or hydro-carbon into a relatively slowly advancing surrounding cylinder or tubular volume of airv that is under relatively low pressure.

Adjustments of the annular ring head or ring i8` make it possible to adjust the flame for any particular furnace or for other varying conditions in the action of thel burner. With the adjustments properly made, there will be no actual burning of the. oil against the inner surface of the annular firing head for the reason that the burning oil strikes the blanket of air and will not completely penetrate the same.

For the lack of a better name and for the sake of denition, the spirally revolving body of air may be designated as a substantially horizontal tubular column of spirally moving air. The space within the outer tube l forward of the front end of the inner tube I6, but rearward of the -extreme front or delivery portion of the annular firing head or ring I8, may properly be designated as the primary combustion chamber; and the space within the furnace or boiler combustion chamber may be likewise properly designated as the secondary combustion chamber.

In the operation above described there will be a slow forward flow of yair through the core af forded by the inner tube I6. This is a very mild flow and just sufiicient to produce a slight mixing of air with the oil close to the nozzle I3. The extent of this mild ilow through the tube i6 will depend more or less upon the distance the the disc of the fan 28 is spaced from the adjacent,

edge of the inner shell I2. The centrifugal force -will throw the air directly against the interior of the concave fan casing but there will be a slight pressure tending to force the air through the said tube I6.

In practice I have found decidedly the best results are obtained by forming the conical surface of the shell l2 at an angle of approximately '70 to theaxis of the tube I6. Also, I have found that the best results are obtained by setting the operative faces of the deilecting blades Il approximfately 20 from a radius drawnl from the axis of the tube I6 and touching the outer edge of the said blade I have also found that the best results have been obtained by the use of four of the said deflecting blades.

The above degrees and numbers, however, are capable of variation within the scope of the invention disclosed and claimed.

From the foregoing it will be further understood that while I have, in accordance with the statutes, fully disclosed the complete operative machine or device, that various alterations in the details of construction and arrangement of parts may be made within the scope of the invention herein intended to be broadly claimed.

What I claim is:

l. In a. device of the kind described. a fan casing having an axial air inlet and a contracted axial air outlet, on outer tube connected to said air outlet, an inner tube in said outer tube spaced therefrom to form an annular air delivery chant inner tube, a motor-driven fan axially aligned4 nel and terminating inside the outer tube, said inner tube having an expanded inner end por-- tion spaced from the front wall of said casing,

a liquid fuel supply pipe having a nozzle posi` tioned axially of said tubes and located to spray fuel inside said outer tube and forwardly of said with and of greater diameter than the air intake passage of said casing and arranged to blow a blast of air into the annular space between said inner and outer tubes, and ignition means including conductors extended through said inner tube and terminating in sparking electrodes located within said outer tube beyond the delivery end of said inner tube and adjacent said nozzle. 2. 'Ihe structure defined in claim 1 in which there are obliquely disposed deecting blades in the converging space between the expanded entiv portion of said inner tube and the adjacent front wall of said casing, the said fan being of disclike form and having a diameter that isapproximately the same as the expanded inner portion of said inner tube.

JOSEPH P. SCHWARTZ.

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