US2291406A - Cathode ray tube with X-ray absorbing coating - Google Patents
Cathode ray tube with X-ray absorbing coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2291406A US2291406A US302401A US30240139A US2291406A US 2291406 A US2291406 A US 2291406A US 302401 A US302401 A US 302401A US 30240139 A US30240139 A US 30240139A US 2291406 A US2291406 A US 2291406A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- coating
- screen
- envelope
- cathode ray
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNLOHLDVJGPUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)C([O-])=O NNLOHLDVJGPUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXTYOFUMVKNMLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxobismuth Chemical compound O=[Bi]=O AXTYOFUMVKNMLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
- H01J29/88—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
Definitions
- the invention relates to cathode ray tubes, particularly for television and oscillograph purposes, using anode potentials of high voltage so that the production of X-rays must be taken into consideration.
- a further object is to provide a tube which is so constructed that the necessity of bulky and heavy external X-ray screens is avoided.
- X-ray screens consist, for instance, of lead in the form of plates, sheets or foils.
- leadrubber and of so-called Kampe-Loreys barytstones has been suggested. All these substances, however, can only be used on the outside of high vacuum tubes.
- the envelope of the cathode ray tube is provided with an inner coating consisting of a material having a dark, pref erably black non-reflecting surface and being impervious to the X-rays produced by the cathode-ray impacting the light-emitting screen of the tube.
- the material is of such a nature that it acts at the same time as an electrical shield against electrostatic fields so that wall charges are avoided.
- a coating of this type has the advantage that no additional shielding or screening tions of light into the interior of the tube are avoided.
- the coating consists, for instance, of salts and/or oxides of heavy metals, for instance lead-sulfide (PbS) bismuth sulfide (BizSs) or bismuth-dioxide (B102).
- the coating may either consist entirely of the X-ray absorbing material or it may consist of a mixture contain ng a binder with adhesive properties, the X-ray absorbing material, and, if required, a blackening agent, for instance finely divided carbon. According to the composition of the wall coating, the method of applying it may be varied as will be described in connection with the drawing.
- the drawing shows by way of example a cross section through a tube made in accordance with the invention.
- the cathode-ray tube l contains an electron gun 2 and a luminescent screen 3.
- the inner wall of the tube is covered with a coating 4 serving as an electrical shield, having light-absorbing properties and absorbing X-rays coming from the screen.
- the end wall 5 of the tube is free from the coating material because the light produced by the screen 3 must pass through the wall of the tube.
- This window 5 is therefore preferably made of lead-glass of sufficient thickness to avoid the passage of X-rays.
- the part of the tube Wall near the electron gun is free from coating because this part is shielded by the anode 6 against the passage of X-rays.
- the coating may be produced in a number of different ways. In case it consists solely of a metal salt it may be felled out of a solution in a similar manner as silver coatings are made.
- Another method is the following: The parts of the envelope which shall remain free of the coating are shielded by suitable screens arranged within the tube. Then a portion of lead is introduced into the tube and evaporated by heat. The vaporized metal covers the inner surface of the envelope and is then treated by an electrolytic process in order to give to the surface non-reflecting properties. The coating is oxidized anodically so that a surface of lead superoxide is formed. It is also possible to use a solution containing phosphorous acids for this purpose.
- Another method is to produce the coating completely by electrolysis. In this case it will be preferable to pretreat the glass wall of the tube by producing thereon a thin conducting layer and to deposit on this layer the X-ray absorbing material.
- Another way is to mix the X-ray absorbing salt or oxide in finely divided form with an adhesive obtained which can be applied to the tube wall I in a similar manner as colloidal graphite. It may be preferable to mix this material with colloidal graphite in order to obtain the desired conductivity and. non-reflecting properties. PbS does not melt and sublimise below 600 C.
- a cathode ray tube comprising an evacu ated envelope having therein an electron gun and a luminescent screen adapted to be impacted by cathode rays, a coating on the inside of the wall of said envelope, said coating consisting of a nonrefiecting material impervious to X-rays produced by the cathode rays impacting said luminescent screen, said wall coating covering substantially all of said. envelope between said gun and said screen and forming a shield against electrostatic fields.
- a cathode ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope having therein an electron gun and a luminescent screen, a coating on the inside of the wall of said envelope, said coating covering substantially all of said envelope between said gun and said screen and consisting of an electrically conducting material which is substantially impervious to X-rays produced by the impact of cathode rays upon said screen and having a black non-reflecting inner surface.
- cathode ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope having therein an electron gun and a light emitting screen adapted to be impacted by cathode rays, a coating on the inside of said envelope consisting at least partly of leadsulfide, said coating covering substantially all of said envelope between said gun and said screen.
- a cathode ray tube for television purposes comprising an evacuated envelope having therein an electron gun and a light emitting screen adapted to be impinged. by the cathode ray, a light transparent window in said tube, said windew consisting of lead-glass, a coating on the inside of the wall of the envelope between said gun and said screen, said coating consisting of a compound of a heavy metal of suificient thickness to absorb the X-rays produced on said light emitting screen and having a black non-reflectinginner surface.
- a cathode ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope having therein an electron gun and a light emitting screen, a coating on the inside of the wall of the envelope comprising a mixture including an adhesive binder, a blackening agent and an X-ray absorbing agent, said coating covering substantially all of said envelope between said gun and said screen.
Landscapes
- Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
Description
July 28, 1942, H. w. PAEHR I CATHODE RAY TUBE WITH X-RAY ABSORBING COATING Filed Nov. 1, 1939 INVENTOR/ TTORNEYY" Patented July 28, 1942 CATHODE RAY TUBE WITH X-RAY ABSORB- ING COATING Application November 1, 1939, Serial No. 302,401
In Germany November 3, 1938 Claims.
The invention relates to cathode ray tubes, particularly for television and oscillograph purposes, using anode potentials of high voltage so that the production of X-rays must be taken into consideration.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a cathode ray tube pa y o he p jection type which, in spite of the high voltage used for accelerating the electrons impinging upon the luminescent screen of the tube, can safely be used with regard to X-rays produced by the electrons impinging upon the screen. It is a further object to provide a tube having an envelope which effectively prevents the passage of X-rays to the outside of the tube in order to avoid detrimental influences on the health of persons operating such tubes. It is known that the repeated influence of even small doses of X-rays over a long period is sufiicient to produce detrimental efiects and may lead to cancer and other serious illness.
A further object is to provide a tube which is so constructed that the necessity of bulky and heavy external X-ray screens is avoided. Such X-ray screens consist, for instance, of lead in the form of plates, sheets or foils. Also, a use of leadrubber and of so-called Kampe-Loreys barytstones has been suggested. All these substances, however, can only be used on the outside of high vacuum tubes.
It is a further object to avoid the drawbacks which result if the whole tube envelope is made of lead-glass. This glass is not suited for blowing the complete cathode ray tube. Only that part of the tube which must be transparent in order to allow the passage of light out of the tube is made of lead-glass.
According to the invention the envelope of the cathode ray tube is provided with an inner coating consisting of a material having a dark, pref erably black non-reflecting surface and being impervious to the X-rays produced by the cathode-ray impacting the light-emitting screen of the tube. The material is of such a nature that it acts at the same time as an electrical shield against electrostatic fields so that wall charges are avoided. A coating of this type has the advantage that no additional shielding or screening tions of light into the interior of the tube are avoided. The coating consists, for instance, of salts and/or oxides of heavy metals, for instance lead-sulfide (PbS) bismuth sulfide (BizSs) or bismuth-dioxide (B102).
The coating may either consist entirely of the X-ray absorbing material or it may consist of a mixture contain ng a binder with adhesive properties, the X-ray absorbing material, and, if required, a blackening agent, for instance finely divided carbon. According to the composition of the wall coating, the method of applying it may be varied as will be described in connection with the drawing.
The drawing shows by way of example a cross section through a tube made in accordance with the invention.
The cathode-ray tube l contains an electron gun 2 and a luminescent screen 3. The inner wall of the tube is covered with a coating 4 serving as an electrical shield, having light-absorbing properties and absorbing X-rays coming from the screen. The end wall 5 of the tube is free from the coating material because the light produced by the screen 3 must pass through the wall of the tube. This window 5 is therefore preferably made of lead-glass of sufficient thickness to avoid the passage of X-rays. Also, the part of the tube Wall near the electron gun is free from coating because this part is shielded by the anode 6 against the passage of X-rays.
Measurements have shown that a cathode ray tube with a ray current of 0.5 mA. and 20 kV. screen potential would require a lead screen of thickness of 0.03 mm. The corresponding value for 30 kV. screen voltage is 0.14 mm., and for kV. 1.31 mm. This shows that particularly for the medium voltage as, for instance, used in home projection receivers, a coating in the order of 0.1 to 1.0 mm. thickness will suffice.
The coating may be produced in a number of different ways. In case it consists solely of a metal salt it may be felled out of a solution in a similar manner as silver coatings are made.
Another method is the following: The parts of the envelope which shall remain free of the coating are shielded by suitable screens arranged within the tube. Then a portion of lead is introduced into the tube and evaporated by heat. The vaporized metal covers the inner surface of the envelope and is then treated by an electrolytic process in order to give to the surface non-reflecting properties. The coating is oxidized anodically so that a surface of lead superoxide is formed. It is also possible to use a solution containing phosphorous acids for this purpose.
Another method is to produce the coating completely by electrolysis. In this case it will be preferable to pretreat the glass wall of the tube by producing thereon a thin conducting layer and to deposit on this layer the X-ray absorbing material.
Another way is to mix the X-ray absorbing salt or oxide in finely divided form with an adhesive obtained which can be applied to the tube wall I in a similar manner as colloidal graphite. It may be preferable to mix this material with colloidal graphite in order to obtain the desired conductivity and. non-reflecting properties. PbS does not melt and sublimise below 600 C.
What I claim is:
1. In a cathode ray tube comprising an evacu ated envelope having therein an electron gun and a luminescent screen adapted to be impacted by cathode rays, a coating on the inside of the wall of said envelope, said coating consisting of a nonrefiecting material impervious to X-rays produced by the cathode rays impacting said luminescent screen, said wall coating covering substantially all of said. envelope between said gun and said screen and forming a shield against electrostatic fields.
2. In a cathode ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope having therein an electron gun and a luminescent screen, a coating on the inside of the wall of said envelope, said coating covering substantially all of said envelope between said gun and said screen and consisting of an electrically conducting material which is substantially impervious to X-rays produced by the impact of cathode rays upon said screen and having a black non-reflecting inner surface.
3. In a, cathode ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope having therein an electron gun and a light emitting screen adapted to be impacted by cathode rays, a coating on the inside of said envelope consisting at least partly of leadsulfide, said coating covering substantially all of said envelope between said gun and said screen.
4. In a cathode ray tube for television purposes comprising an evacuated envelope having therein an electron gun and a light emitting screen adapted to be impinged. by the cathode ray, a light transparent window in said tube, said windew consisting of lead-glass, a coating on the inside of the wall of the envelope between said gun and said screen, said coating consisting of a compound of a heavy metal of suificient thickness to absorb the X-rays produced on said light emitting screen and having a black non-reflectinginner surface.
5. In a cathode ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope having therein an electron gun and a light emitting screen, a coating on the inside of the wall of the envelope comprising a mixture including an adhesive binder, a blackening agent and an X-ray absorbing agent, said coating covering substantially all of said envelope between said gun and said screen.
HANS WERNER PAEHR.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2291406X | 1938-11-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2291406A true US2291406A (en) | 1942-07-28 |
Family
ID=7993806
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US302401A Expired - Lifetime US2291406A (en) | 1938-11-03 | 1939-11-01 | Cathode ray tube with X-ray absorbing coating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2291406A (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2666864A (en) * | 1950-01-20 | 1954-01-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Image intensifier tube |
| US2736833A (en) * | 1951-08-09 | 1956-02-28 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Measuring chamber for x-rays |
| US2843795A (en) * | 1954-06-09 | 1958-07-15 | Gen Electric | Shielded waveguide window |
| US3169206A (en) * | 1959-08-06 | 1965-02-09 | Varian Associates | High frequency tube method and apparatus |
| US3313975A (en) * | 1964-07-06 | 1967-04-11 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Electron impervious flexible shield member for electron discharge tubes |
| US3543073A (en) * | 1968-01-25 | 1970-11-24 | Sheldon Edward E | Vacuum tubes of television type for x-ray protection |
| US3562518A (en) * | 1967-11-21 | 1971-02-09 | Nat Video Corp | Color kinescope with improved x-ray protection |
| US3610994A (en) * | 1970-08-31 | 1971-10-05 | Sheldon Edward E | Cathode-ray tubes of television type for x-rays protection |
| US3725718A (en) * | 1969-04-29 | 1973-04-03 | Stackpole Carbon Co | Flame-sprayed ferrite powder x-ray radiation shield |
| US4232247A (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1980-11-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Projection tube with X-ray shielding means on target |
| US4321473A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1982-03-23 | Albert Richard David | Focusing radiation collimator |
| US5202566A (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-04-13 | Chika Hani E | VDT radiation protection system |
-
1939
- 1939-11-01 US US302401A patent/US2291406A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2666864A (en) * | 1950-01-20 | 1954-01-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Image intensifier tube |
| US2736833A (en) * | 1951-08-09 | 1956-02-28 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Measuring chamber for x-rays |
| US2843795A (en) * | 1954-06-09 | 1958-07-15 | Gen Electric | Shielded waveguide window |
| US3169206A (en) * | 1959-08-06 | 1965-02-09 | Varian Associates | High frequency tube method and apparatus |
| US3313975A (en) * | 1964-07-06 | 1967-04-11 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Electron impervious flexible shield member for electron discharge tubes |
| US3562518A (en) * | 1967-11-21 | 1971-02-09 | Nat Video Corp | Color kinescope with improved x-ray protection |
| US3543073A (en) * | 1968-01-25 | 1970-11-24 | Sheldon Edward E | Vacuum tubes of television type for x-ray protection |
| US3725718A (en) * | 1969-04-29 | 1973-04-03 | Stackpole Carbon Co | Flame-sprayed ferrite powder x-ray radiation shield |
| US3610994A (en) * | 1970-08-31 | 1971-10-05 | Sheldon Edward E | Cathode-ray tubes of television type for x-rays protection |
| US4321473A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1982-03-23 | Albert Richard David | Focusing radiation collimator |
| US4232247A (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1980-11-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Projection tube with X-ray shielding means on target |
| US5202566A (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-04-13 | Chika Hani E | VDT radiation protection system |
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