US2288943A - Apparatus for treating toxic gases - Google Patents
Apparatus for treating toxic gases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2288943A US2288943A US266827A US26682739A US2288943A US 2288943 A US2288943 A US 2288943A US 266827 A US266827 A US 266827A US 26682739 A US26682739 A US 26682739A US 2288943 A US2288943 A US 2288943A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- catalytic
- chamber
- units
- tube
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 49
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- UPWOEMHINGJHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxocobaltiooxy)cobalt Chemical compound O=[Co]O[Co]=O UPWOEMHINGJHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000001408 Carbon monoxide poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2846—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for granular supports, e.g. pellets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
- F01N2260/08—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for preventing heat loss or temperature drop, using other means than layers of heat-insulating material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/08—Granular material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
- F01N2450/10—Fitting temporarily exhaust apparatus on exhaust conduit, e.g. in confined environment, garage or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
- F01N2450/30—Removable or rechangeable blocks or cartridges, e.g. for filters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S55/00—Gas separation
- Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment
Definitions
- a catalytic chamber designated generally by the numeral l, is interposed in the exhaust pipe 2 of an internal combustion motor such as in an automobile.
- the chamber I may be constructed of a tube of any suitable metal and associate a catalytic chamber with the exhaust of an internal combustion motor in which the toxic carbon monoxide is catalytically oxidized to the innocuous carbon dioxide.
- Another object of the invention is to embody such catalytic chamber in the exhaust pipe of an automobile.
- Yet another object of the invention is'to devise a chamber of the type described'which is catalytically eflicient and yet does not substantially detract from the efiiciencyvoi the motor itself.
- 'A further object. is to provide as a garage accessory a device which may temporarily be attached to the exhaust line of a motor and which is operative to oxidize the carbon monoxide content of the gas flowing therethrough.
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the improved unit.
- Figure 2 is an enlarged cross section taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1.
- end walls 3 and 4 are provided with the end walls 3 and 4. These end walls, as will be appreciated, may be removable. a short pipe or tube section, shown at land 6 respectively, by means 'of which the chamber is coupled in the exhaust line.
- the chamber may be locked in the exhaust line ,in any suitable manner, as for example by means of the clamps i and 8 which lock the tube sections 3 and 4 to the cooperating sections of the exhaust pipe.
- the chamber I may be mounted at any suitable place .in the exhaust line between the exhaust manifold and the muilier preferably near the motor so that the catalysis is accelerated by utilizing the gases at an optimum high temperature. If desired the catalytic chamber may be interposed in the exhaust line after the muffler or may be embodied in the mufller structure itself.
- the chamber comprisesessentially a spaced series of catalytic sections A and an adjacentand alternate series of expansion sections B.
- the sections A contain catalytic material;
- This catalytic materia1 l6 which, as shown is in the form of hard porous granular masses may be retained in position in any desired manner.
- One effective and preferred method comprises the utilization of open mesh screen tubes 1 l which,
- the screen units H preferably are made up of a standardized size so as to facilitate menu-'- iacture, installation and replacement. As shown,
- Figure 3 is a modified form of the device adapted particularly for garage use.
- Figure 4 is a view, similar to Figure l, showing a modified form of catalytic chamber.
- Figure 5 is a cross section takenon line 5-5 of Figure 4.
- Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of a further modification under the invention.
- the invention also contemplates the utilization of a catalytic chamber as a garage accessory.
- a catalytic chamber as a garage accessory.
- danger of this type may completely be avoided by providing a simple unit which may readily be attached temporarily to the exhaust pipe of a car.
- a catalytic chamber 30 of the same type as that disclosed in Figures 1 and 2, that is to say it comprehends a spaced series of catalytic sections and an alternate series of expansion chambers or spaces.
- the chamber is closed at the two ends 3i and 32 and at such ends are provided with the inlet and discharge pipes 33 and 34 respectively.
- a flexible tubing 35 of any suitable material is adapted to be attached at one end to the pipe 33 by suitable means such as the clamp 36.
- the opposite end of the tube 35 is properly conformed so as to fit over the tail section of the exhaust pipe.
- Such end may be provided with suitable clamping means (not shown) so that it may be detachably secured to the tail pipe.
- a second section of flexible tubing 31 of any desired length may be attached to discharge pipe 34 by means of a clamp 33.
- This unit may quickly be attached to the tail pipe of a car so that the motor may be operated in closed areas without any danger of carbon monoxide poisoning. Such a unit may similarly be employed in any other circumstances in which it is desired to, remove carbon monoxide from discharge gases.
- any catalytic material which is effective to oxidize carbon monoxide may be utilized.
- the catalytic material should be in the form of granular masses, as shown, which should be of sumcient strength to withstand the shocks and Jars incident to car operation without disintegrating and powdering.
- Such catalyst may, for example, comprise porous rigid mass of suitable catalytic material such as manganese dioxide, mixtures of manganese dioxide, copper oxide, cobaltic oxide and the like.
- Porous, rigid, effective catalysts may be made up by fusing a metal oxide or mixture of metal oxides together with a binder material under temperature conditions which insure intumescence in the mass and may then be chilled to establish a porous or vesicular structure providing a large exposed surface of the catalytic material.
- a catalytic material which is particularly effective comprises a rigid mass including cupric oxide, manganese dioxide and cobaltic oxide. This may be made up by first homogeneously mixing substantially equal parts of the three components in the dry powdered form. To this dry mixture there is then added a quantity of sodium silicate in the approximate proportions of three pounds of the oxide mixture to one quart of sodium silicate solution (40 B.). The mass is then stirred until it assumes a viscous, rubbery consistency, in which form it may be moulded into any desired shape such as sticks, granular masses and the like. with the mentioned 'proportion of ingredients the mass hardens to a solid upon air drying for a period of about 48 hours.
- the air dried product is then burned or heated to fusion or incipient fusion in a suitable furnace or in an open flame.
- incipient fusion takes place and the mass intumesces or swells up to approximately twice its original volume.
- the mass is then quickly cooled to retain this expanded structure and the resulting product is characterized by a high degree of porosity and hardness.
- the material may, if desired be broken up into pieces of the desired size which are then packed in the open mesh tubes previously described.
- This catalytic product apparently comprises a silicious skeletal porous unit in which the catalytic oxides are homogeneously dispersed. This high porosity coupled'with the uniform dispersion of the oxides through the mass insures accelerated catalytic action.
- catalytic material i. e. a catalytic mass which may readily be formed into any desired shape permits the employment of specifically different types of catalyst chambers.
- a catalyst chamber operating on the same essential principle of that described may be constructed without utilizing the open mesh tubular container II.
- the catalytic material may be moulded in the form of, so to speak self-sustaining members.
- the catalytic material is moulded in the form of porous rigid tubular units 40 of any desired length, internal and external diameter.
- a group of such tubular units may be mounted in a chamber M such that adjacent units respectively abut.
- Each section of such units may be maintained in position in the container 4! by means of the perforate retainer means 52 which preferably comprisesopen mesh wire units or perforated metal discs.
- the several catalytic sections are spaced apart so as to provide a free gas expansion space therebetween. Such spacing may be established by means of the spacer rings 33.
- the container or tube M is provided with removable end members 136 (one being shown) which are provided with pipe sections 45 adapt ed to be connected in the exhaust line as.
- the catalyst chamber may be connected in the exhaust line in any suitable manner as for example, by utilizing clamping means of the type shown in Figure 1.
- catalytic material of the self-sustaining type is not limited to the particular form of units shown in Figures 4 and 5. These may be made up in any desired eiiective shape as for example in the form of perforate disc-like members shown in Figures 6 and 7.
- the catalytic units M are moulded or preformed in the general shape of a disc. As shown the disc is provided with a large number of perforations 68. The size and number of such perforations may be controlled so as to insure the desired gas velocity through the catalytic chamber.
- Such units are preferably formed with circumferential serrations or grooves 62 to permit the passage of gas around the circumferential edge.
- the units are maintained in the desired spaced relationship by means of the spacer rings 66.
- the internal wall of the chamber may be provided with projecting lugs or one or more longitudinal ribs adapted to coact with the peripheral grooves of units 6b to prevent circumferated movement of the units in the chamber.
- units may be constructed in which a cat: alytic tube is mounted concentrically within the casing.
- catalytic material may be packed in a tubular member made up of open mesh wire or perforated metal. This may be fitted within the chamber such that a predetermined space is established between the wall of the casing or chamber and the elongated perforated catalytic tube.
- bafiles the exhaust gas then passes from the exhaust pipe into the space between casing and the catalytic tube and flows through the granular catalytic material into the central open section of the perforated catalytic tube from which it is discharged to atmosphere.
- This type of structure thus serves effectively in the dual capacity of a mufier and catalyst chamber.
- spent catalyst units may readily be removed and replaced. Also, if desired the tube units may be treated so as to revivify the catalyst. By current replacement of several old or spent catalyst units the emciency of the device may continuously be maintained.
- a device for association with the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion motor which comprises an elongated tubular metallic casing, a spaced series of catalytic sections arranged lon gitudinally oi the casing and defining expansion chambers therebetween, each section comprising a group of laterally abutting open mesh tubular metallic containers having catalytic material packed therein, the containers of one section being circumferentially displaced relatively to the corresponding containers of an adjacent section.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Description
gully D. 1.... EASTMAN 2,258,943
APPARATUS FOR TREATING TOXIQGASES Filed April 8, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet l Patented July 7, 1942- UNITED STATES I PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR- 2,288,943 rnaa'rmc 'roxrc cases Don L. Eastman, Water-town, -N. Y. Application April 8,1939, Serial No. 266,827
' 1 Claim. (01. 23-288) This invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for treating toxic gases for the purpose of rendering them non-toxic. In a particular aspect the invention relates to a-method of catalytically converting the carbon monoxide Figure 7 is a detail showing of the catalytic materia1 employed in Figure 6. 1
As shown in the drawings, inthe preferred method of eflectuating the invention a catalytic chamber, designated generally by the numeral l, is interposed in the exhaust pipe 2 of an internal combustion motor such as in an automobile. The chamber I, as shown, may be constructed of a tube of any suitable metal and associate a catalytic chamber with the exhaust of an internal combustion motor in which the toxic carbon monoxide is catalytically oxidized to the innocuous carbon dioxide.
Another object of the invention is to embody such catalytic chamber in the exhaust pipe of an automobile. A
Yet another object of the invention is'to devise a chamber of the type described'which is catalytically eflicient and yet does not substantially detract from the efiiciencyvoi the motor itself. 'A further object. is to provide as a garage accessory a device which may temporarily be attached to the exhaust line of a motor and which is operative to oxidize the carbon monoxide content of the gas flowing therethrough.
With these and other equally important and related objects in view the invention comprehends the concept of effectively oxidizing the carbon monoxide content of exhaust gases by an improved catalytic agency. Y
In order to enable a more ready comprehension of the principles of the invention there is shown in the accompanying drawings a preferred physical embodiment in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the improved unit.
Figure 2 is an enlarged cross section taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1.
is provided with the end walls 3 and 4. These end walls, as will be appreciated, may be removable. a short pipe or tube section, shown at land 6 respectively, by means 'of which the chamber is coupled in the exhaust line. The chamber may be locked in the exhaust line ,in any suitable manner, as for example by means of the clamps i and 8 which lock the tube sections 3 and 4 to the cooperating sections of the exhaust pipe.
The chamber I may be mounted at any suitable place .in the exhaust line between the exhaust manifold and the muilier preferably near the motor so that the catalysis is accelerated by utilizing the gases at an optimum high temperature. If desired the catalytic chamber may be interposed in the exhaust line after the muffler or may be embodied in the mufller structure itself.
As will be observed from an inspection of Figure l, the chamber comprisesessentially a spaced series of catalytic sections A and an adjacentand alternate series of expansion sections B.
The sections A contain catalytic material; to
be more particularly described, which is efiec-.
tive to insure the oxidation of the carbon monoxide content of the gas to carbon dioxide. This catalytic materia1 l6 which, as shown is in the form of hard porous granular masses may be retained in position in any desired manner. One effective and preferred method comprises the utilization of open mesh screen tubes 1 l which,
as shown are provided at each end with the wire mesh-walls l2.
The screen units H preferably are made up of a standardized size so as to facilitate menu-'- iacture, installation and replacement. As shown,
Figure 3 is a modified form of the device adapted particularly for garage use.
Figure 4 is a view, similar to Figure l, showing a modified form of catalytic chamber.
Figure 5 is a cross section takenon line 5-5 of Figure 4. Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of a further modification under the invention.
particularly in Figure 2 these units are of such size that a given number (four in the illustrafrom longitudinal movement by suitable means Each of these walls is provided with tion A.
It will be observed that with this type of structure intimate contact of the gases with the catalytic material is insured without, however, imposing undue back pressure on the motor. The exhaust gases (indicated by the arrows) entering at one end of the unit C pass through the several tube units and between open spaces between the respectively adjacent tube units and the walls of the chamber. After passage therethrough the gases enter the expansion chamber .3 where an intimate admixture is insured of the gas passing through the catalytic masses and that passing through the open spaces. Thereafter the gases again pass through a catalytic section in which, it will be observed, catalytic tube units are disposed in alignment with the open spaces of the first catalytic unit. In this manner a certain degree of free passage space for the gas is left in each catalytic section so that undue back pressure on the engine is not built up. However, by utilizing respectively circumferentially displaced tube units in adjacent sections in conjunction with the intermediate expansion and mixing chambers contact of substantially all of the exhaust gas with the catalytic masses is insured.
It will be observed also that the spaces between the adjacent tube units in each section establish free passages of restricted cross section. Flow of gas through these at relatively high velocity thus establishes an aspirating effect and tends to positively induce gas flow through the catalytic tube units.
As previously indicated the invention also contemplates the utilization of a catalytic chamber as a garage accessory. In large garages where many motors may be operating at the same time there is a real danger of a development of a dangerously high concentration of carbon monoxide, especially when the garage is not adequately ventilated. According to the invention, danger of this type may completely be avoided by providing a simple unit which may readily be attached temporarily to the exhaust pipe of a car. Such a unit is indicated in Figure 3. This comprises a catalytic chamber 30 of the same type as that disclosed in Figures 1 and 2, that is to say it comprehends a spaced series of catalytic sections and an alternate series of expansion chambers or spaces. The chamber is closed at the two ends 3i and 32 and at such ends are provided with the inlet and discharge pipes 33 and 34 respectively. A flexible tubing 35 of any suitable material is adapted to be attached at one end to the pipe 33 by suitable means such as the clamp 36. The opposite end of the tube 35 is properly conformed so as to fit over the tail section of the exhaust pipe. Such end may be provided with suitable clamping means (not shown) so that it may be detachably secured to the tail pipe. Similarly a second section of flexible tubing 31 of any desired length may be attached to discharge pipe 34 by means of a clamp 33. I
This unit may quickly be attached to the tail pipe of a car so that the motor may be operated in closed areas without any danger of carbon monoxide poisoning. Such a unit may similarly be employed in any other circumstances in which it is desired to, remove carbon monoxide from discharge gases.
In effectuating the invention any catalytic material which is effective to oxidize carbon monoxide may be utilized. Preferably the catalytic material should be in the form of granular masses, as shown, which should be of sumcient strength to withstand the shocks and Jars incident to car operation without disintegrating and powdering. Such catalyst, may, for example, comprise porous rigid mass of suitable catalytic material such as manganese dioxide, mixtures of manganese dioxide, copper oxide, cobaltic oxide and the like.
Porous, rigid, effective catalysts may be made up by fusing a metal oxide or mixture of metal oxides together with a binder material under temperature conditions which insure intumescence in the mass and may then be chilled to establish a porous or vesicular structure providing a large exposed surface of the catalytic material.
A catalytic material which is particularly effective comprises a rigid mass including cupric oxide, manganese dioxide and cobaltic oxide. This may be made up by first homogeneously mixing substantially equal parts of the three components in the dry powdered form. To this dry mixture there is then added a quantity of sodium silicate in the approximate proportions of three pounds of the oxide mixture to one quart of sodium silicate solution (40 B.). The mass is then stirred until it assumes a viscous, rubbery consistency, in which form it may be moulded into any desired shape such as sticks, granular masses and the like. with the mentioned 'proportion of ingredients the mass hardens to a solid upon air drying for a period of about 48 hours. .The air dried product is then burned or heated to fusion or incipient fusion in a suitable furnace or in an open flame. By heating the mass to a cherry red, incipient fusion takes place and the mass intumesces or swells up to approximately twice its original volume. The mass is then quickly cooled to retain this expanded structure and the resulting product is characterized by a high degree of porosity and hardness. After such cooling the material may, if desired be broken up into pieces of the desired size which are then packed in the open mesh tubes previously described. This catalytic product apparently comprises a silicious skeletal porous unit in which the catalytic oxides are homogeneously dispersed. This high porosity coupled'with the uniform dispersion of the oxides through the mass insures accelerated catalytic action.
The utilization of the described catalytic material, i. e. a catalytic mass which may readily be formed into any desired shape permits the employment of specifically different types of catalyst chambers. Thus as shown in Figures 4 and 5 a catalyst chamber operating on the same essential principle of that described may be constructed without utilizing the open mesh tubular container II. In other words, the catalytic material may be moulded in the form of, so to speak self-sustaining members. I
As shown in the modification illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the catalytic material is moulded in the form of porous rigid tubular units 40 of any desired length, internal and external diameter. A group of such tubular units may be mounted in a chamber M such that adjacent units respectively abut. Each section of such units may be maintained in position in the container 4! by means of the perforate retainer means 52 which preferably comprisesopen mesh wire units or perforated metal discs.
In accordance with the major principles of the invention the several catalytic sections are spaced apart so as to provide a free gas expansion space therebetween. Such spacing may be established by means of the spacer rings 33.
The container or tube M is provided with removable end members 136 (one being shown) which are provided with pipe sections 45 adapt ed to be connected in the exhaust line as. The catalyst chamber may be connected in the exhaust line in any suitable manner as for example, by utilizing clamping means of the type shown in Figure 1.
As will be appreciated, the utilization of catalytic material of the self-sustaining type is not limited to the particular form of units shown in Figures 4 and 5. These may be made up in any desired eiiective shape as for example in the form of perforate disc-like members shown in Figures 6 and 7. In this form of the invention the catalytic units M are moulded or preformed in the general shape of a disc. As shown the disc is provided with a large number of perforations 68. The size and number of such perforations may be controlled so as to insure the desired gas velocity through the catalytic chamber. Such units are preferably formed with circumferential serrations or grooves 62 to permit the passage of gas around the circumferential edge.
and 6 operate in the same efiective manner as that shown in Figure 1. The entering gas passes alternately through the catalytic sections and the expansion sections in such a manner as to insure optimum contact wtih the catalytic material and consequent effective oxidation of the carbon monoxide but with the minimum of back sion spaces in which the catalytic sections are These units may be assembled in a catalyst chamber in the manner previously described,
that is to say at spaced distances so as to provide alternate catalytic and free gas expansion areas. As shown the units as are mounted within the catalytic chamber $3 such that the free edges abut the internal walls of the chamber. The units are maintained in the desired spaced relationship by means of the spacer rings 66. If desired the internal wall of the chamber may be provided with projecting lugs or one or more longitudinal ribs adapted to coact with the peripheral grooves of units 6b to prevent circumferated movement of the units in the chamber.
As in the other modifications described the positioned normal to the flow of gas. If desired units may be constructed in which a cat: alytic tube is mounted concentrically within the casing. For example, catalytic material may be packed in a tubular member made up of open mesh wire or perforated metal. This may be fitted within the chamber such that a predetermined space is established between the wall of the casing or chamber and the elongated perforated catalytic tube. By use of suitable bafiles the exhaust gas then passes from the exhaust pipe into the space between casing and the catalytic tube and flows through the granular catalytic material into the central open section of the perforated catalytic tube from which it is discharged to atmosphere. This type of structure thus serves effectively in the dual capacity of a mufier and catalyst chamber.
It is particularly to be observed that by invoking the concept of utilizing the catalyst packed unit tubes, spent catalyst units may readily be removed and replaced. Also, if desired the tube units may be treated so as to revivify the catalyst. By current replacement of several old or spent catalyst units the emciency of the device may continuously be maintained.
It is to be understood that while a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described this is given didactically to illustrate the underlying principles involved and not as limiting the invention to the particular modification chosen for illustration.
I claim:
A device for association with the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion motor which comprises an elongated tubular metallic casing, a spaced series of catalytic sections arranged lon gitudinally oi the casing and defining expansion chambers therebetween, each section comprising a group of laterally abutting open mesh tubular metallic containers having catalytic material packed therein, the containers of one section being circumferentially displaced relatively to the corresponding containers of an adjacent section.
. DON L. EASTMAN.
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US266827A US2288943A (en) | 1939-04-08 | 1939-04-08 | Apparatus for treating toxic gases |
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US266827A US2288943A (en) | 1939-04-08 | 1939-04-08 | Apparatus for treating toxic gases |
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US2288943A true US2288943A (en) | 1942-07-07 |
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US266827A Expired - Lifetime US2288943A (en) | 1939-04-08 | 1939-04-08 | Apparatus for treating toxic gases |
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Cited By (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2418837A (en) * | 1942-04-04 | 1947-04-15 | Houdry Process Corp | Contacting apparatus |
US2630794A (en) * | 1949-09-28 | 1953-03-10 | Baxter Bert | Carbon eliminator |
US2632296A (en) * | 1947-12-06 | 1953-03-24 | Eugene J Houdry | Process of generating power involving catalytic oxidation |
US2664340A (en) * | 1949-08-09 | 1953-12-29 | Eugene J Houdry | Catalytic apparatus and method for treating exhaust gases |
US2699989A (en) * | 1950-10-04 | 1955-01-18 | Oxy Catalyst Inc | Catalytic units and apparatus |
US2738854A (en) * | 1954-05-17 | 1956-03-20 | Ben B Thrower | Exhaust filter |
US2777759A (en) * | 1953-02-13 | 1957-01-15 | Sokolik Edward | Air processing apparatus |
US2811425A (en) * | 1950-06-13 | 1957-10-29 | Oxy Catalyst Inc | Catalytic exhaust gas converter |
US2970886A (en) * | 1958-02-10 | 1961-02-07 | Keeve Frank | Method and absorbent for removing hydrocarbon from automobile exhaust fumes |
US3067014A (en) * | 1958-12-01 | 1962-12-04 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Control system for nitric acid plant |
US3166895A (en) * | 1960-06-10 | 1965-01-26 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Catalytic muffling system for reducing contaminants in exhaust gases |
US3180083A (en) * | 1961-06-05 | 1965-04-27 | Robert B Heller | Gas processing method and apparatus |
US3228755A (en) * | 1962-08-10 | 1966-01-11 | Rane R Lottinville | Chemical muffler for filtering exhaust |
US3239317A (en) * | 1963-06-25 | 1966-03-08 | Walker Mfg Co | Muffler |
US3287899A (en) * | 1965-02-12 | 1966-11-29 | Norris Thermador Corp | Air pollution control system for internal combustion engine |
US3485593A (en) * | 1967-06-09 | 1969-12-23 | Ethyl Corp | Exhaust treating device |
US3503714A (en) * | 1965-05-26 | 1970-03-31 | Fitterer & Sohn Arno | Apparatus for decontamination of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines |
US3511617A (en) * | 1967-06-09 | 1970-05-12 | Ethyl Corp | Catalytic muffler |
US3707831A (en) * | 1969-06-23 | 1973-01-02 | Shell Oil Co | Corrugated gauze reactor |
US3712030A (en) * | 1970-09-14 | 1973-01-23 | J Priest | Exhaust depurator |
US3719457A (en) * | 1971-04-26 | 1973-03-06 | Ford Motor Co | Catalytic converter structure |
US3950244A (en) * | 1974-02-11 | 1976-04-13 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Process for treating a solid-containing liquid hydrocarbon oil |
US3957619A (en) * | 1974-02-11 | 1976-05-18 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Process for the conversion of carbonaceous materials |
US4002026A (en) * | 1973-10-17 | 1977-01-11 | J. Eberspacher | Device for the after-burning of exhaust gases |
US4027476A (en) * | 1973-10-15 | 1977-06-07 | Rocket Research Corporation | Composite catalyst bed and method for making the same |
US4039294A (en) * | 1975-05-21 | 1977-08-02 | Mayer Edward A | Filter for internal combustion exhaust gases |
US4056934A (en) * | 1975-09-27 | 1977-11-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | After-burning preventive and flame-out apparatus |
US4270896A (en) * | 1975-08-26 | 1981-06-02 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation | Catalyst system |
US5000768A (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1991-03-19 | Hwang Feng Lin | Filtering and absorbing device for vehicle discharge pipe |
US5016438A (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1991-05-21 | Harris International Sales Corporation | Emission control apparatus |
US5437152A (en) * | 1991-01-09 | 1995-08-01 | Pfefferle; William C. | Catalytic method |
US5849251A (en) * | 1995-07-17 | 1998-12-15 | Timko; Mark | Catalytic converter for a tailpipe including apparatus for relieving back pressure |
US6302188B1 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2001-10-16 | Megtec Systems, Inc. | Multi-layer heat exchange bed containing structured media and randomly packed media |
US20070219279A1 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-20 | Leveson Philip D | Method for enhancing catalyst selectivity |
EP2034146A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2009-03-11 | Wu, Xiongliang | Exhaust infrared putitying device and its method of diesel engine |
US20120304861A1 (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2012-12-06 | In-Gweon Lim | Device for reducing soot particles and method for the same |
-
1939
- 1939-04-08 US US266827A patent/US2288943A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2418837A (en) * | 1942-04-04 | 1947-04-15 | Houdry Process Corp | Contacting apparatus |
US2632296A (en) * | 1947-12-06 | 1953-03-24 | Eugene J Houdry | Process of generating power involving catalytic oxidation |
US2664340A (en) * | 1949-08-09 | 1953-12-29 | Eugene J Houdry | Catalytic apparatus and method for treating exhaust gases |
US2630794A (en) * | 1949-09-28 | 1953-03-10 | Baxter Bert | Carbon eliminator |
US2811425A (en) * | 1950-06-13 | 1957-10-29 | Oxy Catalyst Inc | Catalytic exhaust gas converter |
US2699989A (en) * | 1950-10-04 | 1955-01-18 | Oxy Catalyst Inc | Catalytic units and apparatus |
US2777759A (en) * | 1953-02-13 | 1957-01-15 | Sokolik Edward | Air processing apparatus |
US2738854A (en) * | 1954-05-17 | 1956-03-20 | Ben B Thrower | Exhaust filter |
US2970886A (en) * | 1958-02-10 | 1961-02-07 | Keeve Frank | Method and absorbent for removing hydrocarbon from automobile exhaust fumes |
US3067014A (en) * | 1958-12-01 | 1962-12-04 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Control system for nitric acid plant |
US3166895A (en) * | 1960-06-10 | 1965-01-26 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Catalytic muffling system for reducing contaminants in exhaust gases |
US3180083A (en) * | 1961-06-05 | 1965-04-27 | Robert B Heller | Gas processing method and apparatus |
US3228755A (en) * | 1962-08-10 | 1966-01-11 | Rane R Lottinville | Chemical muffler for filtering exhaust |
US3239317A (en) * | 1963-06-25 | 1966-03-08 | Walker Mfg Co | Muffler |
US3287899A (en) * | 1965-02-12 | 1966-11-29 | Norris Thermador Corp | Air pollution control system for internal combustion engine |
US3503714A (en) * | 1965-05-26 | 1970-03-31 | Fitterer & Sohn Arno | Apparatus for decontamination of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines |
US3485593A (en) * | 1967-06-09 | 1969-12-23 | Ethyl Corp | Exhaust treating device |
US3511617A (en) * | 1967-06-09 | 1970-05-12 | Ethyl Corp | Catalytic muffler |
US3707831A (en) * | 1969-06-23 | 1973-01-02 | Shell Oil Co | Corrugated gauze reactor |
US3712030A (en) * | 1970-09-14 | 1973-01-23 | J Priest | Exhaust depurator |
US3719457A (en) * | 1971-04-26 | 1973-03-06 | Ford Motor Co | Catalytic converter structure |
US4027476A (en) * | 1973-10-15 | 1977-06-07 | Rocket Research Corporation | Composite catalyst bed and method for making the same |
US4002026A (en) * | 1973-10-17 | 1977-01-11 | J. Eberspacher | Device for the after-burning of exhaust gases |
US3950244A (en) * | 1974-02-11 | 1976-04-13 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Process for treating a solid-containing liquid hydrocarbon oil |
US3957619A (en) * | 1974-02-11 | 1976-05-18 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Process for the conversion of carbonaceous materials |
US4039294A (en) * | 1975-05-21 | 1977-08-02 | Mayer Edward A | Filter for internal combustion exhaust gases |
US4270896A (en) * | 1975-08-26 | 1981-06-02 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation | Catalyst system |
US4056934A (en) * | 1975-09-27 | 1977-11-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | After-burning preventive and flame-out apparatus |
US5016438A (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1991-05-21 | Harris International Sales Corporation | Emission control apparatus |
US5000768A (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1991-03-19 | Hwang Feng Lin | Filtering and absorbing device for vehicle discharge pipe |
US5437152A (en) * | 1991-01-09 | 1995-08-01 | Pfefferle; William C. | Catalytic method |
US5849251A (en) * | 1995-07-17 | 1998-12-15 | Timko; Mark | Catalytic converter for a tailpipe including apparatus for relieving back pressure |
US6302188B1 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2001-10-16 | Megtec Systems, Inc. | Multi-layer heat exchange bed containing structured media and randomly packed media |
US20070219279A1 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-20 | Leveson Philip D | Method for enhancing catalyst selectivity |
US7993599B2 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2011-08-09 | Zeropoint Clean Tech, Inc. | Method for enhancing catalyst selectivity |
EP2034146A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2009-03-11 | Wu, Xiongliang | Exhaust infrared putitying device and its method of diesel engine |
EP2034146A4 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2010-05-05 | Xiongliang Wu | Exhaust infrared putitying device and its method of diesel engine |
US20120304861A1 (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2012-12-06 | In-Gweon Lim | Device for reducing soot particles and method for the same |
US8920531B2 (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2014-12-30 | CA Tech Inc. | Device for reducing soot particles and method for the same |
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