US2288660A - Electric resistance alloy - Google Patents
Electric resistance alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2288660A US2288660A US282320A US28232039A US2288660A US 2288660 A US2288660 A US 2288660A US 282320 A US282320 A US 282320A US 28232039 A US28232039 A US 28232039A US 2288660 A US2288660 A US 2288660A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- per cent
- electric resistance
- resistance alloy
- high temperatures
- columbium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013058 crude material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
Definitions
- An object of the present invention is to overcome this disadvantage and thus to improve the strength at high temperatures of the alloys of the above types used as resistance materials and which, in addition to iron, contain as main ingredients chromium in the proportion of 15-35%,
- the said improvement is obtained by adding to such alloys certain ingredients which can into the 'alloys in the proportion of 0.24% and 0.1-4% respectively, and columbium in the proportion of 0.1-3%.
- a gas which is inert to carbon for example, nitrogen, can be blown into the molten metal bath.
- nitrogen can be blown into the molten metal bath.
- an extremely fine dispersion of nitrides is produced in the bath, which can serve as a basis for the production of crystals.
- the carbon content should be kept as low as possible, but can vary between 0.01-0.3% up to about 0.5%.
- the alloys can contain manganese and silicon in the proportions used for steel, as well as one or more secondary ingredients which occur as impurities in the crudematerial such as sulphur, or which can'be added to the alloys during the manufacturing process, for example, those derived from the slag used or from the lining of the furnace.
- An electric resistance alloy capable of withstanding high temperatures of substantially the following composition: carbon from about 0.01 to 0.3 per cent, chromium from about 19 to 35 per cent, aluminum from about 1 to 7 per cent, cobalt from about 0.5 to 8 per cent, columbium from about 0.1 to 3 per cent and a small amount within the range of about 0.1 to 4 per cent of at least one of the metals selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and titanium, the balance of said composition being substantially iron.
- An electric resistance alloy capable of withstanding high temperatures of substantially the following composition: carbon from about 0.01 to 0.3 per cent, chromium from about 19 to 35 per cent, aluminum from about 1 to 7 per cent, cobalt from about 0.5 to 8 per cent, columbium from about 0.1 to 3 per cent and molybdenum from about 0.1 to 4 per cent, the balance of said composition being substantially iron.
- An electric resistance alloy capable of withstanding high temperatures of substantially the followingcomposition: carbon from about 0.01 to 0.3 per cent, chromium from about 19 to 35 per cent, aluminum from about 1 to 7 per cent, c0-
- balt from about 0.5 to 8 per cent, columbium Tmmabout; 0.1115. 3 er cent, molybdenum from about 0.1 to 4 per cent, titanium from about 0.5
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
, We July 2 UNITED STATES 'PXTEN T oFFicE" 2,288,660 ELECTRIC RESISTANCE ALLOY Hans Gustaf Albert you Kantzow and Bengt Gunnar Oscar Nordstriim,
Sweden Hallstahammar,
No Drawing. Application June 30, 1939, Serial i In Sweden February 25, 1938 4 Claims.- (Cl. 201-76) In electric resistance materials for high temperatures, which in addition to-iron contain as main ingredients chromium, aluminium and cobalt as well as possibly titanium, it has been found that the strength of the material at high temperatures is not sumcient when the resistance materials are used for certain constructions, for
example, types of radiating apparatus. This is substantially due to the fact that at high temperatures (for example 1000-1250" C.) the material undergoes a permanent elongation. which will remain after the material has cooled down. An object of the present invention is to overcome this disadvantage and thus to improve the strength at high temperatures of the alloys of the above types used as resistance materials and which, in addition to iron, contain as main ingredients chromium in the proportion of 15-35%,
aluminium 1-'7% and cobalt 0.5-8%, in which the cobalt may partly be replaced by titanium.
The said improvement is obtained by adding to such alloys certain ingredients which can into the 'alloys in the proportion of 0.24% and 0.1-4% respectively, and columbium in the proportion of 0.1-3%.
By one or several of the additions mentioned an increase in the strength of the material at high temperatures is obtained without its resistance to oxidation, and thus its life, being decreased. It has been found, however, that by means of additions of molybdenum and/or tungsten the material becomes somewhat more brittle, thus reducing its possibilities of being worked and increasing the percentage of scrap during the manufacturing process. If, however, columbium is present in conjunction with molybdenum and/ or tungsten the columbium will restore wholly or in part the tenacity that the material would have had without an addition of the ingredients mentioned.
In order further to increase the strength of the material and especially with a View to obtaining the largest possible number of crystallisation centres with the accompanying finer grain distribution a gas which is inert to carbon, for example, nitrogen, can be blown into the molten metal bath. On account of the vigorous stirring that takes place an extremely fine dispersion of nitrides is produced in the bath, which can serve as a basis for the production of crystals.
Below a few examples, are given of suitable compositions of steel alloys produced accordin to the present invention. The proportions are expressed as percentages the remainder being iron.
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX Cr. 24 25.8 26 27 18 27. 2 28 26. 2 19 A] 4.5 4.7 5 5 4.0 5.3 6 5 5.5 Go... 3 3 1.5 2.5 1.5 4.5 2.8 2.0 Ti 0.8 M0..-" 1.0 0.4 1 0.2 1.1 W 0.7 12 0.6 05 0 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.6 Cb 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.0
The carbon content should be kept as low as possible, but can vary between 0.01-0.3% up to about 0.5%.
Inaddition to the main ingredients mentioned the alloys can contain manganese and silicon in the proportions used for steel, as well as one or more secondary ingredients which occur as impurities in the crudematerial such as sulphur, or which can'be added to the alloys during the manufacturing process, for example, those derived from the slag used or from the lining of the furnace.
We claim:
1. An electric resistance alloy capable of withstanding high temperatures of substantially the following composition: carbon from about 0.01 to 0.3 per cent, chromium from about 19 to 35 per cent, aluminum from about 1 to 7 per cent, cobalt from about 0.5 to 8 per cent, columbium from about 0.1 to 3 per cent and a small amount within the range of about 0.1 to 4 per cent of at least one of the metals selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and titanium, the balance of said composition being substantially iron.
2. An electric resistance alloy capable of withstanding high temperatures of substantially the following composition: carbon from about 0.01 to 0.3 per cent, chromium from about 19 to 35 per cent, aluminum from about 1 to 7 per cent, cobalt from about 0.5 to 8 per cent, columbium from about 0.1 to 3 per cent and molybdenum from about 0.1 to 4 per cent, the balance of said composition being substantially iron.
3. An electric resistance alloy capable of withstanding high temperatures of substantially the followingcomposition: carbon from about 0.01 to 0.3 per cent, chromium from about 19 to 35 per cent, aluminum from about 1 to 7 per cent, c0-
balt from about 0.5 to 8 per cent, columbium Tmmabout; 0.1115. 3 er cent, molybdenum from about 0.1 to 4 per cent, titanium from about 0.5
to 4 per cent and tungsten from about 0.2 to 3 per. cent, the balance of said composition bein! 5 substantially iron.
4 HANS GUSTAF ALBERT VON KANTZOW. BENGT GU'N'N'AR OSCAR NORDSTRbM
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE2288660X | 1938-02-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2288660A true US2288660A (en) | 1942-07-07 |
Family
ID=20425212
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US282320A Expired - Lifetime US2288660A (en) | 1938-02-25 | 1939-06-30 | Electric resistance alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2288660A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4218243A (en) * | 1972-09-20 | 1980-08-19 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Fully martensitic steel for a metal mold for molding glass and the metal mold |
| US4308080A (en) * | 1979-02-07 | 1981-12-29 | Micropore International Limited | Method of shaping coils |
-
1939
- 1939-06-30 US US282320A patent/US2288660A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4218243A (en) * | 1972-09-20 | 1980-08-19 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Fully martensitic steel for a metal mold for molding glass and the metal mold |
| US4308080A (en) * | 1979-02-07 | 1981-12-29 | Micropore International Limited | Method of shaping coils |
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