US2286219A

US2286219A - Antidazzle device

Info

Publication number: US2286219A
Application number: US221764A
Authority: US
Inventors: Martinek Anthony
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1938-07-28
Filing date: 1938-07-28
Publication date: 1942-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 1959-06-16

Description

June 16,1942. A, MARTlNEK Y 2,286,219

ANTIDAZZLE DEVICE v Filed'Juiy 28, 195s e sheets-sheet 1 INVENTOR MIM June 16, 1942. A. MARTINEK 2,286,219

ANTIDAZZLE DEVICE Filed July 28, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 yfw, MMIM June 16, 1942. A. MARTINEK 2,286,219

ANTIDAZ ZLE DEVICE Filed July 2S, 1938 e sheets-sheet s INVENTOR nhonyMarfineK @my J, mma@ June 16, 1942. A. MARTINEK 2,286,219

ANT IDAZ ZLE DEVICE A Filed July 28,` 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR A. MARTINEK ANTIDAZZLE DEVICE June 16, 1942.

Filed July 2a, 1958 6 sheets-sheet 5 June 16, 1942. y A. MARTINE'K I 2,286,219

ANTIDAZ ZLE DEVICE Filed July 28, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR a @my ,Mmm .@v

Patented June 1e, 194e A narran sof-raras I saresti" messie ammazzare nav-ron Anthony Martinek, Pittsburgh, Pa. aannemen .nur 2s, rese, serial Ne. 221,164

(ci. zee-e7) 13 (Diams.

.This invention relates to anti-dazzle devices for use in protecting pedestrians, cyclists, motor- 'ists and other persons from the dazzling eiect of bright lights of various kinds. The invention is particularly applicable for use in diminishing or obviating the glare or dazzling effect on the driver of one vehicle, hereinafter referred to as the driven vehicle, due to the light from the headlamps of the brilliant type carried by a second approaching vehicle, hereinafter referred tc as the on-coming vehicle, but it is not restricted thereto.

It is known to use a tinted windscreen constituting a light lter on the driven vehicle for reducing glare,v but such tinted windscreens extend. across, and to some extent affect, the ennre field of vision ofthe observer. Also. it has been proposed to provide an anti-dazzle device that' is to be carried or worn by a person and comprises a screen mounted to swing abouta pivotal axis lying above the eyes and the line of practice if continued for long periods is likely to injure the eyes.

The present invention has for its main object to restrict the size of the screened part of the field of vision to a minimum just suicient for' its purpose, while leaving the rest of the eld of vision clear from any screening effect.

According to the invention there is provided an anti-dazzle device for use between an eye of an observer and a source of light impinging thereupon, wherein a relatively small screen thai-l is to lie in the line of sight joining the eye and the source of light, is of such a size and is to be situated at such a distance from the eye that while effectively obviating the glaregand dazzle effect of vthe said source on the eye, it leaves the remainder ofthe eld of vision clear.. The function of the screen isl thus partly or wholly to cut off a beam of light which is directed by the source to the eye without intercepting the rays that fall on the face of the ob server around the eye. In other words, the shadow of the screen cast by the source of light on the face of the observer substantially coincides with the pupil of the eye. Employing an astronomica1 analogy and regarding the source of light as the sun and the screen as a trans-v parent or opaque moon, the size and position of the screen in relation to the observer is such that the sun is totally eclipsed by the moon.

When the anti-dazzle device is for use with both eyes of anfobserver, the two relatively small lscreens each arranged as set forth in the preceding paragraphs will be spaced apart one from theother across the elcl of vision and allotted each to one of the two eyes.

When two sources of light that are spaced apart across the field of vision are to be screened simultaneously, the anti-dazzle device may comprise three or more relatively small screens each as set forth above arranged in a row, a middle screen of the row serving to shield one eye from one source, andL the other eyefrom the other source.

The anti-dazzle device may be mounted on the windscreen of a drivenvehicle, preferably so as to be movable in relation thereto.,

Alternatively, theantidazzledevice may comprise a support that is to be carried by the user,

for example mounted on his head as for example, associated with spectacles or eyeglasses.

Other features ofthe invention relating to the mounting and arrangement of the screens in various forms will be described hereinafter.

Several embodiments of the invention are diagrammatically illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figures l, 2 and 3 are diagrams described hereinafter; i

Figure 4 is a fragmentary showing in elevation of one form of anti-dazzle screen according to the invention, and

Figure 5 is a ksection taken on the line V-V in Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary showing in elevation of another screen, and

Figure 7 is a section taken in Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary showing in elevation of another screen, and

Figure 9 is asection taken on the line IX-IX in Figure 8, and

on the line VII-VII Figure 10 is afragmentary showing in elevation of yet another screen according to the invention;

Figure k11 is an elevation showing part of a windshield and one form of anti-'dazzle device according to the invention mounted thereon and movably adjustable thereon, and

Figure 12 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line mI-XII in Figure 1l;

Figure 13 is an elevation showing an anti-dazzle device according to the invention mounted rotatably, and

Figure 14 is an elevation showing another form of anti-dazzle device comprising rotatable screens;

Figure l is an elevation showing spectacles provided with an anti-dazzle device;

Figure 16 is a view in perspective showing an anti-dazzle device adapted to be worn by the observer;

Figure 17 is a plan View thereof with certain parts omitted for clarity;

Figure i8 is a view in elevation showing a detail, with a portion in section of a detail of the structure of Figure i6;

.Figure i9 is a iront elevation showing a modified anti-dazzle device adapted to be worn by the observer;

Figure 20 is a side elevation showing in use;

Figure 21 is a perspective view of another modiflcation of the device for the use of persons who wear spectacles;

Figure 22 is a view upon a large scale showing partly in elevation and partly in section a detail the same y of the structures of Figures 21 and 23;

Figure 23 is a view similar to Figure 2l shown ing a form of the device including an ophthalmic mounting without lenses, to be used by persons who do not wear spectacles;

Figure 24 is a partial view in perspective illusl I trating a further modication;

Figure 25 is a perspective view of a further Y modified form of the invention including spectacles;

Figure 26 is a View partly in plan and partly in section along the line XXVI- XXVI of Figure 2'5;

Figure 27 is a transverse sectional view through a motor car body looking forwardly and showing the mounting of a device similar to that of Fig. 25 inside the windshield;

Figure 28 is a view similar to Fig. 27 showing a slightly modied construction;

Figure 29 is a View partly in section along the line XXIX-XXIX of Figure 28 partly in plan;

Figure 30 is a view partly in section upon an enlarged scale along the line XXX-m of Figure 28;

Figure 31 is a diagram illustrating the principle on which the devices of Figures 25 to 30 operate;

Figure 32 is a similar diagram ure 31 and slightly modified; and

Figure 33 is an elevation of one form of individual screen which may be incorporated in the devices shown in Figures 25 through 30.

Like reference characters designate like parts to that of Figthroughout the several views.

Referring first to Figure l showing a single source of light 20', one eye 22 and a screen 24 between the source and the eye, the source 20 is mounted in a headlamp 21 which casts a beam of light towards and around the eye 22 of an observer. The screen 2l is small in relation to they eld of vision and to the size of the cross-sectional area of the beam of light, and is of such a size and situated at such a distance from the eye that it effectively obviates the glare and dazzle effect of the source of light on the eye, but leaves clear the remainder of the eld of vision. From the standpoint of the observer. the beam of 28 which is invisible to the observer and casts a shadow 30 on his eye 22, and a surrounding circular portion 32 which illuminates the parts of the observer's face around his eye 22. Preferably; the shadow is so small as substantially to coincide with the pupil of the eye, so that to the observer, the screen 2d has the appearance of a transparent or opaque moon totally eclipsing the iight of the headlamp. Consequently, although all glare and dazzle eiect is avoided, a clear held of vision around the headlamp is afiorded to the observers eye 22.

Figure 2 diagrammatically illustrates two sources of light 2t, 2i in front of the two

eyesl

22, 23 of an observer, and three screens 2li, 25, 26 interposed between the source and the eyes. For the sake of ciearness, instead of showing beams of light from hcadlamps having the light sources 2n, 2l two rays of

light

34, 35 from the light source 2li and two rays of light 3b, 3l from the light source 2i to the two eyes are illustrated. The middle screen 25 of the row of three screens lies at the point of intersection of the two rays 36, 3B, and serves to screen the eye 22 from the iight source 2i and also the eye 23 from the light source 20, while the two outer screens 2E and 26 each intercepts the rays 34 and 31 respectively from one of the light sources. In this way, the glare from the two light sources 20, 2i on the two eyes is effectively prevented while leaving the held. If the screens lie in a plane other than that including the intersection of rays 35 and 3B, the number of screens will be increased to four as shown at 25a, 25a, 25h and 26a in Figure 3.

As is well known, the headlamps of an oncoming vehicle are observed by the driver of a driven vehicle not in the straight-ahead position, but towards one side of the roadway. To meet such conditions, as illustrated in Figure 3, the three

screens

24, 25 and 26 are preferably situated not directly in front of the eyes of the observer, but towards the side at which the oncoming vehicle is being driven. To accommodate variations in the direction of the beams of light according to the relative positions of the two vehicles, the size of each screen need not be the minimum described above with reference to,Fig ure l, in which the shadow coincides with the pupil of the eye, but it may be somewhat larger, so that the shadow will cover the entire eyeball. Further, if the driver moves his head only very slightly laterally in a direction towards the side away from the on-coming vehicle, he can readily accommodate himself to movements ofA the beams due to the approach of the headlights towards him until the on-coming vehicle is so close that the headlights cause no inconvenience.

y Figures 4 and 5 show part of a windshield 4U having a circular anti-dazzle screen 42 integral composition of the windshield 40. For example,

if the windshield 40 is of glass, the screen 42 may be white opal.

Figures 6 and 7 show a windshield 40 having an anti-dazzle screen 44 affixed thereto on its face nearest the observer,

Figures 8 and 9 show a windshield 40 having an anti-dazzle screen designated generally 46 afis applied to a windshield 40, the degree of transparency of which increases in strength from the centre of the screen towards the periphery thereof, so that it is more opaque at the centre than at its edge. Such a screen may be integral with rectangular-and extend horizontally across the optical axes'of `the lenses, but insome casesv they may be of some other shape and may bestuated either just above, or below, or to one side of the axes. The screens on each lens are preferably of such a.' size that they cut off the glare from bcth of two approaching headlights and thus `perform the function of the screens described above placed further away from the eyes. The

screens

88 and 89 function in a manner similar to that of

screens

24a, 25a, 25h and 28a shown or attached to the windshield, and its edge may v merge into the surrounding clear field of vision. i.

In some cases, the anti-dazzle screens qmay be so mounted on the windshield of a vehicle as to be movable in relation thereto. As shown in Figures 1l and 12, a frame 54 ispivotally mounted by means of brackets 58 on the frame 58 of the windshield so as to be movable towards and away from the latter into and out of a position of use. If desired, the frame 54 may be slidable in the brackets 56 in the longitudinal direction of the frame 58, that is parallel to the transverse axis of the driven vehicle. -Three stout wires or stems 80, each carrying one of the three

screens

24, and 25, are rotatable in the upper and lower longitudinal members of the frame 54,

so that the anti-dazzle screens are readily rotatable from a broadside-on position of use into an edgewise out-of-use position, that is, from an operative position relatively parallel tothe wind- `shield to an inoperative position relatively normal to the windshield.

The anti-dazzle screens may be circular, oval, rectangular, or of any convenient shape. An oval screen 82. shown in Figure 13 is rotatably mounted in a frame 54 and provided with means for holding it in an adjusted angular position. 'I'his holding means comprises a toothed wheel 84 that is fast on the stem 60 in a slot B5 in the frame. A snap-catch in the form of a springpressed ball 08 coacts with this wheel for holding the screen in any position into which it is adjusted or a knob I0 fast on the stem 50 is turned. The screen 62 can thus be set at an angle, such for example, as to the line of vision, so as to appear substantially circular as viewed by theA Figure 14 shows a construction comprising a rectangular frame 12 in which are mounted three or more rectangular screens 74, in a manner analogous to slats 'of a Venetian blind, so that they can swing about a vertical axis from a broadside-on to an edgewisc-on position with respect to the observer. For this purpose, the spindles 1G carrying the screens l are journalled with a tight t in the upper and lower longitudinal members 18, 19, respectively, of the frame 'i2 and can be turned by hand by the observer. Alternatively, the spindles i5 may be arranged to be rotated as described above with reference to the spindle S0 shown in Figure 13.

in Figure3.

Figures 16, 17 and 18 show another form vof device incorporating the invention adapted to be worn by the user. A head band has three or more supporting ngers 9| extending forwardly therefrom being mounted for adjustment in a universal socket 92. Each finger has a telescopic adjustment 93 and an oval screen 94 of glass, -Celluloid or the like, mounted on a rod 95 depending therefrom. Each rod 95 is connected to its finger by a ball and socket joint 98.

With the apparatus in place as shown, the

user can readily adjust each and all-of the screens 94 by hand to the proper positions for cutting off the

rays

34, 35, 36 and 31 as indicated in lFigure 3. Each screen is preferably positioned by manual adjustment at such an angle to the vertical plane containing the wearers eyes that the screen appears circular, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 18. This arrangement protects the eyes from the glare of on-coming headlights.

Figures 19 and 20 show a modied construction of anti-dazzle device to be worn by the user.

.A transparent rectangular support |00 of glass or other convenient material carries three or f more anti-dazzle screens |02 which may be of circular, oval or other shape. Headgear comprising a band |04, and one-or more rods |05, one end of which is attached to the band and the other end of which is attached to the support |00, pivotally support the screening device so that the anti-dazzle screens |02 are spaced away from the user's eyes in front thereof a distance which may be, for example, three or four inches. When .not in use the anti-dazzle device can be swung upwards out of the line of sight of the user.

Each of these

screens

88, 09, 94 and |02 may be constructed similarly to those described above with reference to Figures 4 to 10.

Figure 21 illustrates a form of device adapted to be mounted on a pair of spectacles H0 of conventlonal construction. The anti-dazzle attachment comprises side bars hinged at H2 to clips H3 attachable to the temple bars iid of the spectacles.v A cam lock lever H5 removably holds each of the 4clips Htl on its temple bar. A

cross bar H0 is hinged at IIGa to the side bars ill. Screens |20 are rotatably'mounted on rods H5 depending from sleeves |2| slidable on the cross bar H5. y

lit will be understood that the anti-dazzle attachment for spectacles shown in Figure 2l can be tilted up to the dotted line position when not needed or may be entirely removed from the spectacles by releasing the lockinglevers H5 and opening the clips H3. The anti-dazzle attachment, furthermore, may be folded in the manner of ordinary spectacles, by virtue of the hinges lita.

vidually adjusted angularly and transversely.

Figure 23 shows a structure identical with that of' Figure 2l except that the anti-dazzle attachmentis mounted on a frame H1 without lenses,

Each of the screens |20 may be indifor the use of persons who do not wear spectacles.

Figure 24 shows a modication of the attachment illustrated in Figs. 2l and 23. According to this modification, side bars ||lare constituted by telescoping members permitting back and forth adjustment of the cross bar H6 hinged thereto, Screens |20' are rotatably mounted on sleeves |2|, the sleeves being slidable on the cross bar as already described. Figure 24 shows five screens |29.

Figure 25 illustrates a further modification of anti-dazzle device comprising a transverse screen |2|' having a` plurality of separate screens |22 spaced therealong and disposed at an oblique angle thereto. The screens |22 are parallel to each other and are rigidly secured in any convenient manner to the screen |2|'. All the screens are composed of transparent colored material. The device is supported by side bars |23 extending forward from hinges |2 and clips |3, as in the structure shown in Figures 21 to 23. While Figure 25 shows a device mounted on spectacle frames, it may also be mounted on a lensless frame as in Figure 23.

Figures 3| and 32 illustrate how the devices of Figures 25 and 26 operate to shield the wearer from glare, and also those of Figures 28 and 29, as will later be evident. As there shown, the wearer, whose eyes are indicated at |24, may look forward through the screens |22 in such manner that vlight rays reiiected from objects in view traverse only one of the screens. If the observer looks laterally toward the left, however, the light rays impinging on his eyes traverse a plurality of the screens |22. The effectiveness of the device in shielding the observers eyes from the glare created by approaching head lamps is illustrated by the lines |25 representing light rays from head lamps |26 passing through successive positions |26a, |26b, etc. It willfbe noted that the closer the head, lamps come to the observers eyes, the greater is the screening effect produced to protect the observer from glare, the direct light from the head lamps then passing through a plurality of screens as clearly shown in Figures 26 and 3l. At the same time, his straight ahead view is not impaired, his view then passing through but one screen, likewise as clearly shown V in said figures.

In the subjoined claims for convenience I characterize as transverse" the plane of the shield as a whole which intersects the line of sight of the user at substantially a right angle as he looks ahead at an oncoming car at a substantial distance away. Such a plane obviously is approximately normal to the longitudinal axis f the motor vehicle With which the shield is used, the variation from normal being chiefly a product of the fact that the line of sight of both eyes of the driver is not accurately speaking a line at all but is a horizontal section of a cone the base of which is the distance of approximately two and one half inches between the human eyes and the apex of which is the source of light all as clearly shown in Figure 3l and of the fact that as the car approaches this cone swings more to the drivers left. Each line of sight between each eye and each source of light at all positions of the oncoming car will intersect at least one screen, according to the forms 0f the inventiony shown in these Figures 25 through 32. It will be readily seen therefore that in the forms of the invention illustrated in these figures the' individual screens are placed so close together in relati/on to their length and angular relation to the transverse plane that necessarily the leading edge of each (except of course the one 'on an end) is disposed in a line substantially normal to this transverse plane which intersects the trailing portion of an adjacent screen. It is also clear from the foregoing portion of this specication and from the drawings that the trailing edge of the screen placed on that one end (the right end in those parts of the world in which vehicles pass to the right) necessarily will be intersectecl by a line substantially normal to the transverse plane of the shield which passes through the leading edge ofthe adjacent screen, without giving account to the slight variation due to binocular vision. The angular and spatial arrangement which is necessary to accomplish certain of the important results of my invention must fall within the foregoing definition and meet the test that at least one screen must al' ways be interposed between each eye of the driver and the direct rays of the oncoming vehicle, the group of screens which compose my unitary shield thereby in practical eiect forming one continuous screen but of greater eectiveness when the glare is greater.

Figure 32 shows this method of functioning but on a somewhat larger scale, the screens 22 being shown in isometric.

Figure 27 shows a combination of screens |2|' and |22 mounted within a suitable frame |21 carried on a rod |28. A hinge joint |29 connects the rod |28 to a rod |30. The latter is connected by a universal joint 3| to a slide |32 movable along a guide rod |33. The latter is secured to a4 motor car body |34 of usual construction just above and inside the windshield. As illustrated in dotted lines, the anti-dazzle device of Figure 27 may be shifted laterally to the most convenient position for the driver, to serve the requirement of either the keep right" or keep left rule of traffic. In case of a right-hand drive motor car, of course, the rod |33 would be disposed on the right-hand side of the body instead of the left as shown.

Figure 28 shows a further modification in which screens |22' are mounted in a frame |33 for individual adjustment by means of knobs |36. The screens are preferably adjusted as shown in Figure 29.

It will be observed from a comparison of Figures 29 and 31 and 32 that the principles of operation of the screens |22 are as shown in Figures 3| and 32. 29, it will be observed that each of said screens is adjustably mounted for rotation upon a vertical axis each spaced in a line along said frame from the others thereof, the distance from front to rear between the vertical axis of each of said screens and a vertical edge of said screen being substantially greater than the distance between said axis and the vertical axis of a screen adjacent thereto. It will also be noted by an inspection of Figure 3l that the arrangement stated by the above sentence., without the element of adjustability, is exemplified therein. The frame has a slide |31 adjustable along a supporting rod |38. The ends of the latter are bent at right angles to each other, one end being received in the sleeve |39 and secured by a wing screw |40. The sleeve |39 is hinged at |4| to a hanger rod |42 hinged at |43 to a. support |44 secured to the car roof. The hinges |43 and |4| permit swinging movement in planes at right angles to each other.

Figures 28 and 29 also illustrate screens |45 From an inspection of Figure adjustably mounted before the usual rear vision v the head lamps of cars approaching from the As shown in Figure 29, the operator, whenl rear. looking in the mirror |46 sees the images of the screens ||i5 laterally displaced from the` screens themselves so that practically the entire surface of the mirror is shielded.

Figure 30 shows how the modifications of Figure 28 may be swung upwardlygout of the way for daytime driving. f

Figure 33 shows a type of screen suitable for the forms of the invention shown in Figures 25 through 30. This screen has a density which is less at the side portions |59 thereof than at the center portion |50. A screen of this type is even more effective than a screen of uniform density in providing increased glarev protection as the headlights of an on-coming `car approach the observer.

The form of the invention shown in Figures 25 through 30 is particularly effective in protecting the user against the glare produced by a succession of approaching cars, since they provide a continuous screening band or strip. It will be obvious furthermore, that the screens |22 and |22 should be inclined in a direction opposite -to that shown in Figure 26 for use in territories where the tralc rule is keep left".

When one or more layers of transparent or translucent material are employed in an antidazzle screen, it may consist of glass, the material known by the registered trade-mark Cellon, Celluloid, preferably non-inflammable Cel-.

luloid, or the like. i

It will be appreciated that when in use, the improved anti-dazzle device whether mounted on the windshield or on the head o f the driver of a driven vehicle has the effect of dimming the dazzling lights of on-coming vehicles while it leaves clear his sight for the rest of the field of vision. This enables the driver to see even behind the on-coming vehicle, it being immaterial whether the driven vehicle is using its own headlights either full strength or dimmed.v In otherwords, the possibility exists that two vehicles moving in diierent directions towards each time the general field ofl vision is unobscured 'as' in the vcase of the use oi' the device as protection against the glare from on-coming vehicles.

1. A unitary anti-dazzleshield adapted for use before the eyes of a driver of a vehicle and directly in his line of vision, said shield being made up of a plurality of transparent light-obscuring screens, a mounting upon which said screens are disposed in vertical and spaced relation to each other and at substantial oblique angles of the order of twenty-five degrees or more to a transverse plane of said shield approximately normal to the longitudinal axisof said vehicle and so close together in relation to their dimension from front to rear and angular relation to said plane that substantially all light rays approximately parallel to said axis striking and traversing said shield will traverse at least one screen thereof and substantially all light rays striking and travl ersing said shield at a substantial angle to said line and from the direction opposite that toward which said screens are inclined will traverse a plurality of said. screens, and means for attaching said mounting so that it may be disposed directly before the eyes of the driver `of said vehicle.

2. An anti-dazzle shield comprising a plurality of transparent light-obscurng screens, and a unitary mounting upon which said screens are vertically disposed in spaced relation to each other which is adapted to be placed across the field of vision of a driver of a motor vehicle, said mounting including means by which it may vbe attached so that it may be placed directly before the eyes of said driver, each of said screens being disposed at an oblique angle of the order of twentyve degrees or more to a line of sight extending between an eye of said driver thereof and a head head light while said oncoming vehicle is subother can use their headlights at full strength without impairing the sight of the drivers of the two vehicles if both are equipped with the described anti-dazzle device.

Various moclications may be made in the details of construction described above without departing from the invention. For example, in some cases, wholly opaque screens, e. g. of metal, may be employed. Also, in some cases, the

screens may lie in planes that are parallel to.'

but at different distances from the plane containing the eyes of the observer. Further, when the anti-dazzle device is for use with more than 'Ill stantially straight ahead of saiddriver which strikeand traverse said shield will traverse at least one of said screens making up said shield before reaching said eye while substantially-all rays from said head light when said oncoming vehicle is relatively adjacent said driven vehicle and hence in lateral relation to the driver which strikeand traverse said shield will traverse a plurality of said screens thereby subjecting the light from the oncoming vehicle to greater screening eiiect while said oncoming vehicle is adjacent and said light more dazzling than when said oncoming vehicle was relatively distant.

3. A unitary anti-dazzle shield adapted for use directly before the eyes of a driver of aveiilcle, said shield comprising an obscuring screen disposed in a transverse plane of said shield, a. plurality of other transparent light-obscuring screens mounted to intersect said transverse screen at oblique angles thereto of the order of twenty-rive degrees or more and in vertical and spaced relation to each other whereby light striking said shield in a direction substantially normal to said transverse plane is subjected to less screening effect than light striking said shield when coming from a point disposed in advance of said shield and at the side vof the longitudinal axis thereof which is opposite that to which said oblique screens are inclined, and means for attaching said shield so that it may be placed before the eyes of said driver.

4. An anti-dazzle shield adapted for use before the eyes of a driver of a vehicle. said shield jacent thereto and the trailing edge of said end being made up of at least three transparent lightl obscuring screens, a mounting in which said screens are disposed vertically in a row at a degree of obliquity of the order of twenty-five degrees or more to a transverse plane of the shield and forming a unitary structure, the leading edge of each of said screens except the screen disposed at one end of the row being intersected by a line which is approximately normal to said -screen being intersected by a line which is apvertical axes to each of said temple bars and transverse plane and intersects the trailing porv tion ci the screen adjacent thereto and the trailing edge of [said end screen being intersected by a line which is approximately normal to said plane and intersects the leading edge of the screen adjacent thereto, and means for attaching said mounting so that it may be placed before the eyes of said driver.

5. A spectacle frame including anti-dazzle shielding means, said frame comprisingtemple bars, side bars extending forwardly therefrom, l

a cross bar extending betwee""said side bars, and a plurality of transparent light-obscuring screens vertically mounted upon said cross bar at a substantial degree of obliquity to said cross bar, the leading edge of each of said screens except the one disposed at one end of the row being intersected by a line which is approximately normal to said cross bar and intersects the trailing portion of the screen adjacent thereto and the trailing edge of said end screen being intersected by a line which is approximately normal to said cross bar and intersects the leading edge of the screen adjacent thereto.

6. An anti-dazzle attachment for spectacle frames or the like comprising side bars, a cross bar extending between said side bars, a plurality of transparent light-obscuring screens mounted on said cross bar at a substantial degree of obliquity to said cross bar, the leading edge of each of said screens except the one disposed at one end of the row being intersected by a line which is approximately normal to said cross bar and intersects the trailing portion of the screen adjacent thereto and the trailing edge of said end screen being intersected by a line which is approximately normal to said cross bar and intersects the leading edge of the screen adjacent thereto, and releasable means for securing said attachment to a spectacle frame having the usual temple bars, said releasable means including devices for releasably attaching said side bars to said temple bars.

7. A spectacle frame including anti-dazzle shielding means, said frame including the usual temple bars and usual cross bars adapted to support spectacle lenses, side bars extending forwardly from said temple bars to a point'in advance of said usual cross bars-and hingedly connected upon horizontal axes to said temple bars, a shield cross bar extending between said side bars at a point in advanceof said usual cross bars, and at least three transparent light-obscuring screens vertically mounted on said shield cross bar at a substantial degree of Obliquity to said shield cross bar, the leading edge of each of said screens except the one disposed at one end of the row being intersected by a line which is approximately normal to said shield cross bar and intersects the trailing portion of the screen adextending therebetween, side bars extending forwardly from each of said temple bars, a shield cross bar extending between said extensions and hinged thereto upon vertical axes, and a plurality of transparent light-obscuring screens making up said shield obliquely mounted on said shield cross bar at a substantial degree of obliquity to said shield cross bar, the leading edge of each of said screens except the one disposed at one end of the row being disposed in a line which is approximately normal to said shield cross bar and intersects the trailing portion of a screen adjacent thereto vand the trailing edge of said end screen being intersected by a line which is approximately normal to said shield cross bar and intersects the leading edge of the screen adjacent thereto.

9. An anti-dazzle shield comprising a plurality of obscuring screens vertically disposed'in spaced relation to each other in aunitary mounting and means for positioning said shield up'on a motor vehicle in a plane substantially normal to the longitudinal axis of said vehicle and directly across the field of vision of a driver thereor, each of said screens being disposed at a substantial oblique angle of the orderof twentyfive degrees or more to said plane and withA its leading edge inclined away from the side of said driven vehicle upon which an oncoming vehicle may lawfully pass said driven vehicle, the degree of Obliquity of said screens to said plane in relation to their length and spacing beingfsuch that a line substantially parallel to -saidflongitudinal axes of both of said vehicles while `they n are at a relatively great distance from each other and substantially in. a straight line projected through said shield will intersect at least `one of said screens thereby subjecting light from a head light of said oncoming vehicle While so distant to the light modifying action of one screen and being such that a line projected through said shield which will impinge upon a head light of said oncoming` Vehicle .when it is in adjacent and lateral relation and about to pass said driven vehicle upon said lawful side, said line being substantially angular to both of said axes, will intersect a plurality of screens thereby subjecting such more dazzling light to greater light obscuring 0effect.

l An anti-dazzle shield comprisin a u which is adapted to be placed across gthe socri vision of a driver of a motor vehicle, at least three transparent light-obscuring screens,- and means for adjustably mounting each of said screens for rotation upona vertical axis each spaced in a line along said frame from the others thereof. the distance from front to rear between the axis of each of said screens and a vertical edge of said` screen substantially parallel to said axis being substantially greater than the distance between said axis and the axis of a screen adjacent thereto.

11. An anti-dazzle shield adapted to be disposed before the eyes of a driver of a vehicle, said screen being made up of at least three transparent light-obscuring screens composed of material the degree of translucency of which progressively differs from the center toward the periphery thereof, a mounting wherein said screens are vertically disposed in a row at a substantial degree of Obliquity to a transverse plane oi' the shield, said screens and said mounting forming a unitary structure, the leading edge of each of said screens'except the screen disposed at one end of the row being intersected by a line which is normal to said .transverse plane of the said shield and intersects the trailing portion of the screen adjacent thereto and the trailing edge of said end screen being intersected by a line which is normal to said plane and intersects the leading edge of the screen adjacent thereto, and means for attaching said mounting s0 that said screens are directly disposed before the eyes of said driver.

12. A unitary anti-dazzle shield for disposition upon a motor vehicle which has attached thereto a supporting fixture, said shield including a support and a plurality of transparent light-retarding screens vertically mounted upon said support each at a substantial degree of Obliquity of the `order of twenty-iive degrees or more to the transat one endfofthe row being intersected by a linewhich is approximatelynormal to said transverse plane and intersects the trailing portion of the 'screen adjacent thereto and the trailing edge of said end screen being intersected by a line which is approximately normal to said plane and intersects the leading edge of the screen adjacent thereto, and a movable connection attached both to said fixture and said support by -means of which saidsupport may be moved be- 'tween a rst position wherein said shield is disposed within the usual operating field of visionof a driver of the motor vehicle and with the plane of its support substantially normal to the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle and a second position wherein said shield is disposed with.

out said usual eld of vision.

13. An anti-dazzle shield adapted for use directly before the eyes of a driver of a vehicle, said shield being made up of at least three transparent light-obscuring screens vertically obliquely mounted in a row a substantial distance from each otherv and forming a unitary structure the vertical edges of certain of said screens being extended different distances from a transverse plane of said shield substantially normal to a line parallel to the longitudinal axis .of said vehicle and intersecting said screens.

ANTHONY MARTNEK.