US2281300A - Tool drive - Google Patents

Description

April 28, 1942. J. E. WALDO TOOL DRIVE Filed Dec. 11, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTQR FIG. 4. Z, 02%

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April 28, 1942. J, E. WALDO TOOL DRIVE Filed Dec. 11, 1940 2 She ets-Sheet 2 F'IGVS INVENTOR A Um WQf/(IW I ATTORNEY Patentea Apr- 1942 I TOOL DRIVE John E. Waldo, Bridgeport, Conn., assignor to Armstrong Manufacturing 001211., a corporation of Connecticut 00., Bridgeport,

Application December 11, 1940, Serial No. 369,525

10 Claims. 19243.1)

My invention relates to a new and improved ratchet tool-drive.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a ratchet-operated drive for operating tools which are used for cutting threads, and for various other purposes. The tools which may be driven by the improved drive are screw drivers, reamers, taps, drills, etc.

Another object of the invention is to provide.

improvements in the type of device which is described in U. S. Patent No. 2,048,538,-issued on July 21, 1936, by diminishing the number of parts and also diminishing the cost of manufacture.

Another object of the invention is to provide very simple and efficient means for turnably retaining the tool-holder in the device, and for releasing the tool-holder so that it can be removed from the device.

Other objects of the invention will be stated in the annexed description and drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments thereof.

Fig. 1 is a sectional view on the line l-l of Fig. 2. When the pawls are in this position, the tool-holder will be intermittently turned in the counterclockwise direction, when the operating handle of the device is rocked relative to the toolholder.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view of a part of the device shown in Fig. l, the positions of the pawls being reversed relative to their positions shown in Fig. 1, so that when the pawls are in the positions shown in Fig. 3, the tool-holder will be turned clockwise, when the operating handle is turned back and forth.

Fig. 4 is similar to Fig. 3, save that Fig. 4 shows both pawls in the release position.

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate modifications of the device shown in Figs. li. Figs. 5 and 6 correspond to Fig. l.

The invention is shown as applied to a device for operating dies which are used for threading a pipe or the like. The device comprises a hollow body I, which has a longitudinal cylindrical tapped socket, in which the inner end of a tubular handle 2 can be removably secured. This end of the handle 2 is externally threaded. The body I is provided with a transverse socket 3, whose longitudinal axis is shown in the vertical position in Fig. 2. The longitudinal axis of socket 3 is perpendicular to the axis of the socket which receives the end of handle 2. A rotatable toolholder sleeve 4 is removably located in said socket 3. The clamp 5 holds equally spaced threading dies 6 in position in the tool-holder sleeve 4. There may be any desired number, of these segmental dies 6. In this particular embodiment, four of these segmental dies (5 are provided. The tool-holder sleeve v4 is provided with an enlarged flange l, which turnably abuts the adjacent annular periphery of the socket 3. Screws 8 connect the clamp 5 to this flange 1. The radial bodies of the segmental dies 6 are located in slots which are provided in the inner face of the clamp 5. These radial bodies of the segmental dies 6 are clamped between the clamp 5 and the flange l, by screws 8. ,The means for holding the segmental dies 6 in position in the tool-holder 4 are old and well-known per se.

The tool-holder sleeve 4 is provided with a series of equal and equally spaced teeth 9. These teeth 9 are referred to as ratchet teeth in the trade, although the lateral edges of each tooth are parallel to each other. The designation ratchet teeth is therefore a general one,.which includes any type of teeth.

The outer faces of the teeth 9 are spaced radially from the outer cylindrical face 40. of the tool-holder sleeve 4, thus providing shoulders I!) in the tool-holder sleeve 4, at the top and bottom ends of the teeth 9.

Pawls II and Ila are respectively pivotally mounted on pins l2 and l2a, which are fixed to the hollow body I. These pivot pins I2 and I2a are laterally equidistant from the longitudinal axis of the handle 2, which intersects the common longitudinal axis of the socket 3 and of the tool-holder sleeve 4.

The pawls II and Ha respectively have teethengaging ends l4 and Ma, which can engage the teeth 9. The pawls H and Ha also have respective identical inner surfaces l5 and I511, which are equal portions of identical cylinders. The axis of the partial cylindrical portion I5 is coincident with the central longitudinal axis of the pivot pin l2, and the axis, of the partial cylindrical surface [5a is coincident with the central longitudinal axis of the pivot pin [2a. As shown in Fig. 4, for example, the pawls l I and Ha have respective recessed portions It and [6a which are located behind the respective partial cylindrical surfaces l5 and [5a. Said pawls II and Ha are respectively provided with operating knobs I 1 and Ila, which project through openings in the wall of the body I. These knobs I1 and [la can be pushed separately or in unison, in a direction towards the longitudinal axis of the handle 2, by the fingers of the operator. A helical compression spring I8 has its ends 10- cated over lugs I9 and I9a oi the respective pawls II and Na, so that said spring normally urges the points If and Ida of said pawls into engagement with the teeth 8.

Fig. 1 shows the pawl II in its operative position, and the pawl Na in its inoperative position. The pawls can thus be positioned merely by inwardly pressing the knob Ila of the pawl IIa, thus separating the point Ida of said pawl IIa from the ratchet teeth 9. The compression spring I8 then urges the pawl II to turn to its operative position. The partial cylindrical surface Ia of the pawl IIa then acts as a stop, to prevent the spring I8 from turning the pawl IIa to its operative position. The edge Ea of the partial cylindrical surface I5a then abuts the partial cylindrical surface I5, between the edges of said partial cylindrical surface I5. When the handle 2 is then rocked so as to turn said handle alternately clockwise and counter-clockwise, the pawl IIa remains inoperative. The pawl II will actuate the tool-holder 4 when the handle 2 is turned counterclockwise, as indicated by the curved arrow in Fig. 1. When the handle 2 is turned clockwise, the pawl II turns on the pin I2 and said pawl H slips over the teeth 9, as indicated by the broken-line position of the pawl II in Fig. 1. When the pawl II is thus turned on pivot pin I2 through a small angle, in order to slip over one or more of the teeth 9, the lateral edge Ea of the partial cylindrical surface I5a still remains between the lateral edges of the partial cylindrical surface I5.

When it is desired to reverse the direction of rotation of the tool-holder sleeve 4, the knob I! is pushed inwardly until the edge E of the partial cylindrical surface I5 is located between the longitudinal edges of the partial cylindrical surface I5a, as shown in Fig. 3.

The rocking movement of the handle 2 then rotate the barrel 4 intermittently in the clockwise direction, as indicated by the curved arrow in Fig. 3.

When it is desired to remove the barrel 4 from the body I, the knobs I1 and Ila are both pressed inwardly to the positions shown in Fig. 4. This can be done by inwardly pressing knob I1 from the position shown in Fig. l, to the position shown in Fig. 4. The pawl IIa remains stationary while this is done. Both of the pawls II and Na are then disengaged from the teeth 9. As long as one of the pawls II and Ma engages the teeth 9, the removal of the tool-holder sleeve 4 from the socket 3 is prevented, because the operative pawl will then abut the lower shoulder It. The operative pawl and the shoulders I3 prevent any substantial vertical axial movement of the tool-holder sleeve 4 relative to the socket 3, although the tool-holder sleeve 4 can turn freely relative to the socket 3. This is an important feature of the invention, because of its simplicity and reliability.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is substantially the same in principle as the embodiment of Fig. 1, and similar parts are indicated by similar reference numerals. The drawings are substantially to scale and reference is made thereto for further details.

In the embodiment of Fig. 5, the shanks of finger-operated buttons and 20a are slidably mounted in bores of the body I. Each of these buttons has an enlarged inner head and an enlarged outer head. One or more of these heads can be detached from the shank of the respective button. These buttons have the same func- Will ' suitable manner.

tion as the knobs I1 and Ila. In the embodiment of Fig. 5, the inner faces of the pawls 2| and 2Ia are provided with identical concave recesses 22 and 22a. When one of the pawls is in the operative position, like the position of pawl 2 la in Fig. 5, the respective recess of the inoperative pawl interfits with a corresponding convex portion of the operative pawl, thus providing reliable releasable interlocking means for holding one of the pawls inoperative and for holding the other pawl operative. The inner faces of the pawls 2I and 2Ia have partial cylindrical surfaces which correspond to the partial cylindrical surfaces I5 and I5a, and the partial cylindrical surfaces of the pawls 2I and 2 Ia merge into concave portions 23 and 23a.

In the embodiment of Fig. 6, a, tension spring 24 replaces the respective compression springs of the previous embodiments. The pawls 25 and 25a of Fig. 6 are identical in operation with the pawls I I and I la, as any difference in configuration is immaterial. The pawls 25 and 25a have integral operating lugs 26 and 26a.

It is clear that the improved device eliminates many of the parts described in said U. S. Patent No. 2,048,538, so that the cost of the manufacture of the improved device is substantially diminished.

The body of the device therefore has a socket in which a tool-holder is turnably and removably mounted. Said body has a chamber in which the teeth of said tool-holder are located. The pawls of the body are located in said chamber. The body can be a casting or made in any When I refer to a manuallyoperable pawl in a claim or claims, I include a pawl whose position can be controlled in any manner:

Referring to Fig. 2, the bottom annular shoulder It acts as stop-means associated with the pawl which is in operative position, to hold the tool-holder turnably in its socket. As shown in Fig. 4, when both pawls are in respective inoperative positions, the corresponding edges of the partial cylindrical stop walls are directly adjacent each other and said stop walls are then slightly spaced, or they may then contact. The invention is not limited to cylindrical stop walls.

The operative portion of the stop-surface I5 is a little longer than the distance between the points E and Ea in Fig. 1. Hence the shape of the remainder of said stop-surface I5 is immaterial. The same applies to stop-surface I5a.

The radius of the stop-surface I5 in Fig. l, to the point Ea, is inclined to the corresponding radius of stop-surface I5a, to said point Ea. These abutting portions of the stop-surface are the operative portions, and in effect, they form two pivoted arms, which are inclined to each other. When the knob Ila is forced inwardly to its full extent, this arm-portion of stop-surface I5a passes counterclockwise beyond the righthand edge of stop-surface I5, so that spring I8 snaps the pawl II to operative position, while pawl I la is yieldingly held in its inoperative position. I therefore claim the use of members of any configuration or joint action which will accomplish this result.

The pawls II and Na may be hand-operated or operated automatically in any suitable manner.

I have shown preferred embodiments of my invention, but it is clear that numerous changes and omissions can be made without departing from its spirit.

I claim:

l. A tool-drive comprising a body which has a socket, a turnable member turnably mounted in said socket so that the body can be turned relative to said turnable member, said turnable member having-lateral teeth, a pair of pawls, each pawl being movably connected to said body, each pawl being movable to an operative position in which said pawl contacts with said teeth to turn said turnable member in unison with said body only when the body is turned in a predetermined direction, resilient means adapted to urge each said pawl to its respective operative position, each said pawl being movable relative to the turnable member so that the pawl slips over said teeth when said pawl i in operative position and when the body is turned in a direction reverse to said predetermined direction so that the body is then turned relative to said turnable member, eachsaid pawl being movable to an inoperative position in which said pawl is held spaced from said teeth, said pawls having adjacent stop wall which contact with each other when one pawl is in operative position and the other pawl is ininoperative position, said stop walls being shaped so that the stop wall of the pawl which is in operative position holds the other pawl in inoperative position, both said pawls being movable to respective inoperative positions, the direction in which the turnable member is turned in unison with said body when one of said pawls is in operative position, being reverse to the direction in which said turnable member is turned in unison with the body when the other pawl is in operative position.

2. A tool-operating device comprising a body which has a socket, a tool-holder turnably mounted in said socket so that the body can be turned relative to said tool-holder, said toolholder having lateral teeth, a pair of manuallyoperable pawls, each pawl being movably connected to said body, each pawl being movable to an operative position in which said pawl contacts with said teeth to turn said tool-holder in unison with said body only when the body is turned in a predetermined direction, spring means adapted to urge each said pawl to its respective operative position, each said pawl being movable relative to the tool'holder so that the pawl slips over said teeth when said pawl is in operative position and when the body is turned in a direction reverse to said predetermined direction so that the body is then turned relative to said tool-holder, each said pawl being movable in an inoperative position in which said pawl is held spaced from said teeth, said pawls having adjacent stop walls which contact with each other when one pawl is in operative position and the other pawl is in inoperative position, said stop walls being shaped so that the stop wall of the pawl which is in operative position holds the other pawl in inoperative position, both said pawl-s being movable to respective inoperative positions, the direction in which the tool-holder is turned in unison with said body when one of said pawls is in operative position, being reverse to the direction in which said tool-holder is turned in unison with the body when the other pawl is in operative position, the tool-holder having stop-means over which the pawl which is in operative position then projects, said stop-means and the respective projecting part of the operative pawl being adapted to hold the tool-holder turnably in said socket, said tool-holder being removable from said socket when each pawl is in it respective inoperative position, each said pawl then clearing said stop-means.

3. A tool-operating device comprising a body which has a socket, a tool-holder turnably mounted in said socket so that the body can be turned relative to said tool-holder, said toolholder having lateral teeth, a pair of manuallyoperable pawls, each pawl being movably connected to said body, each pawl being movable to an operative position in which said pawl contacts with said teeth to turn said tool-holder in unison with said body only when the body is turned in a predetermined direction, spring means adapted to urge each said pawl to its respective operative position, each said pawl being movable relative to the tool-holder so that the pawl slips over said teeth when said pawl is in operative position and when the body is turned in a direction reverse to said predetermined direction so that the body is then turned relative to said toolholder, each said pawl being movable in an in operative position in which said pawl is held spaced from said teeth, said pawls having adjacent stop walls which contact with each other when one pawl is in operative position and the other pawl is in inoperative position, said stop walls being shaped so that the stop wall of the pawl which is in operative position holds the other pawl in inoperative position, both said pawls being movable to respective inoperative positions, the direction in which the tool-holder is turned in unison with said body when one of said pawls is in operative position, beng reverse to the direction in which said tool-holder is turned in unison with the body when the other pawl is in operative position, the tool-holder having stop-means over which the pawl which is in operative position then projects, said stopmeans and the respective projecting part of the operative pawl being adapted to hold the toolholder turnably in said socket, said tool-holder being removable from said socket when each pawl is in its respective inoperative position, each said pawl then clearing said stop-means, said stop-means being a shoulder which is outwardly laterally located relative to said teeth with respect to the axis of rotation of the tool-holder.

4. A tool-operating device comprising a body which has a socket, a tool-holder turnably mounted in said socket so that the body can be turned relative to said tool-holder, said toolholder having lateral teeth, a pair of manuallyoperable pawls, each pawl being movably connected to said body, each pawl being movable to an operative position in which said pawl contacts with said teeth to turn said tool-holder in unison with said body only when the body is turned in a predetermined direction, spring means adapted to urge each said pawl to its respective operative position, each said pawl being movable relative to the tool-holder so that the awl slips over said teeth when said pawl is in operative position and when the body is turned in a direction reverse to said predetermined direction so that the body is then turned relative to said tool-holder, each said pawl being movable in an inoperative position in which said pawl is held spaced from said teeth, said pawls having adjacent stop walls which contact with each other when one pawl is in operative position and the other pawl is in inoperative position, said stop walls being shaped so that the stop wall of the pawl which is in operative position holds the other pawl in inoperative position, both said pawls being movable to respective inoperative positions, the direction in which the tool-holder is turned in unison with said body when one of said pawls is in operative position, being reverse to the direction in which said tool-holder is turned in unison with the body when the other pawl is in operative position, said tool-holder having a pair of lateral annular shoulders at the respective ends of said teeth, said shoulders being outwardly laterally located relative to said teeth with respect to the axis of rotation of the tool-holder, the height of the respective endportion of each pawl being substantially equal to the distance between said shoulders in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the tool-holder, so that the pawl which is in operative position turnably holds the tool-holder in its socket, while preventing any substantial movement of the tool-holder in its socket in a direction parallel to its axis of rotation.

5. A tool-operating device comprising a body I which has a socket, a tool-holder turnably mounted in said socket so that the body can be turned relative to said tool-holder, said toolholder having lateral teeth, a pair of manuallyoperable pawls, each pawl being movably connected to said body, each pawl being movable to an operative position in which said pawl contacts with said teeth to turn said tool-holder in unison with said body only when the body is turned in a predetermined direction, spring means adapted to urge each said pawl to its respective operative position, each said pawl being movable relative to the tool-holder so that the pawl slips over said teeth when said pawl is in operative position and when the body is turned in a direction reverse to said predetermined direction so that the body is then turned relative to said tool-holder, each said pawl being movable in an inoperative position in which said pawl is held spaced from said teeth, said pawls having adjacent stop walls which contact with each other when one pawl is in operative position and the other pawl is in inoperative position, said stop walls being shaped so that the stop wall of the pawl which is in operative position holds the other pawl in inoperative position, both said pawls being movable to respective inoperative positions, the direction in which the tool-holder is turned in unison with said body when one of said pawls is in operative position, being reverse r to the direction in which said tool-holder is turned in unison with the body when the other pawl is in operative position, said stop walls having respective concave and convex portions which interfit when one of the pawls is in operative position and the other pawl is in inoperative position.

6. A tool-operating device comprising a body which has a socket, a tool-holder turnably mounted in said socket so that the body can be turned relative to said tool-holder, said toolholder having lateral teeth, a pair of manuallyoperable pawls, each pawl being movably connected to said body, each pawl being movable to an operative position in which said pawl contacts with said teeth to turn said tool-holder in unison with said body only when the body is turned in a predetermined direction, spring means adapted to urge each said pawl to its respective operative position, each said pawl being movable relative to the tool-holder so that the pawl slips over said teeth when said pawl is in operative position and when the body is turned in a direction reverse to said predetermined direction so that the body is then turned relative to said tool-holder, each said pawl being movable in an inoperative position in which said pawl is held spaced from said teeth, said pawls having adjacent stop walls which contact with each other when one pawl is in operative position and the other pawl is in inoperative position, said stop walls being shaped so that the stop wall of the pawl which is in operative position holds the other pawl in inoperative position, both said pawls being movable to respective inoperative positions, the direction in which the tool-holder is turned in unison with said body when one of said pawls is in operative position, being reverse to the direction in which said toolholder is turned in unison with the body when the other pawl is in operative position, each pawl being rotatably connected to the body by a separate pivot member, said stop walls being parts of equal cylinders whichv have lateral edges, the axis of each stop wall coinciding with the axis of rotation of the respective pawl, the lateral edge of the stop wall of the inoperative pawl abutting the stop wall of the operative pawl and being spaced from the lateral edge of the stop wall of the operative pawl.

7. A tool-operatingdevice comprising a body which has a socket, a tool-holder turnably mounted in said socket so that the body can be turned relative to said tool-holder, said toolholder having lateral teeth, a pair of manuallyoperable pawls, each pawl being movably connected to said body, each pawl being movable to an operative position in which said pawl contacts with said teeth to turn said tool-holder in unison with said body only when the body is turned in a predetermined direction, spring means adapted to urge each said pawl to its respective operative position, each said pawl being movable relative to the tool-holder so that the pawl slips over said teeth when said pawl is in operative position and when the body is turned in a direction reverse to said predetermined direction so that the body is then turned relative to said tool-holder, each said pawl being movable in an inoperative position in which said pawl is held spaced from said teeth, said pawls having adjacent stop walls which contact with each other when one pawl is in operative position and the other pawl is in inoperative position, said stop walls being shaped so that the stop wall of the pawl which is in operative position holds the other pawl in inoperative position, both said pawls being movable to respective inoperative positions, the direction in which the tool-holder is turned in unison with said body when one of said pawls is in operative position, being reverse to the direction in which said tool-holder is turned in unison with the body when the other pawl is in operative posi-- tion, each pawl being rotatably connected to the body by a separate pivot member, said stop walls being parts of equal cylinders, the axis of each stop wall coinciding with the axis of rotation of the respective pawl, each said pawl having a concave recess immediately succeeding the rear of its partial cylindrical stop wall, each said recess having a negative curvature which is equal to the positive curvature of each said partial cylindrical stop wall, the recess of the inoperative pawl meshing with a correspondingly shaped part of the stop wall of the operative pawl.

8. A tool-operating device comprising a body which has a socket, a tool-holder turnably mounted in said socket so that the body can be turned relative to said tool-holder, said toolholder having lateral teeth, a pair of manuallyoperable pawls, each pawl being movably connected to said body, each pawl being movable to an operative position in which said pawl contacts with said teeth to turn said tool-holder in unison with said body only when the body is turned in a predetermined direction, spring means adapted to urge each said pawl to its respective operative position, each said pawl being movable relative to the tool-holder so that the pawl slips over said teeth when said pawl is in operative position and when the body is turned in a direction reverse to said predetermined direction so that the body is then turned relative to said tool-holder, each said pawl being movable in an inoperative position in which said pawl is held spaced from said teeth, said pawls having adjacent stop walls which contact with each other when one pawl is in operative position and the other pawl is in inoperative position, w

other pawl is in operative position, said stop walls having corresponding lateral edges which are substantially directly adjacent each other, when both pawls are in respective inoperative position.

9. A tool-operating device comprising a body which has a socket, a tool-holder turnably mounted in said socket so that the body can be turned relative to said tool-holder, said toolholder having lateral teeth, a pair of manuallyoperable pawls, each pawl being movably connected to said body, each pawl being movable to an operative position in which said pawl contacts with said teeth to turn said tool-holder in unison with said body only when the body is turned in a predetermined direction, spring means adapted to urge each said pawl to its respective operative position, each said pawl being movable relative to the tool-holder so that the pawl slips over said teeth when said pawl is in operative position and when the body is turned in a direction reverse to said predetermined direction so that the body is then turned relative to said tool-holder, each said pawl being movable in an inoperative position in which said pawl is held spaced from said teeth, said pawls having adjacent stop walls which contact with each other when one pawl is in operative position and the other pawl is in inoperative position, said stop walls being shaped so that the stop wall of the pawl which is in operative position holds the other pawl in inoperative position, both said pawls being movable to respective inoperative positions, the direction in which the toolholder is turned in unison with said body when one of said pawls is in operative position, being reverse to the direction in which said tool-holder is turned in unison with the body when the other pawl is in operative position, said stop walls having corresponding edges substantially directly adjacent each other, when both pawls are in respective inoperative position, said contactin walls being then spaced from each other.

10. A tool-operating device comprising a hollow body having an inner chamber, said body also having a socket which communicates with said inner chamber, a tool-holder turnably mounted in said socket, said tool-holder having teeth which communicate with said inner chamber, a pair of manually-operable pawls located in said inner chamber and pivotally connected to said body, each pawl having a front end which is adapted to mesh with said teeth, spring means adapted to urge said pawls to operative position, said pawls having respective stop means shaped and located so that the pawl which is in operative position holds the other pawl in inoperative position, the operative pawl engaging said teeth to turn the tool-holder in unison with the body when the body is turned in a predetermined direction, said operative pawl being free to slip over said teeth when the body is turned reverse to said predetermined direction, the direction in which the tool-holder is turned in unison with said body when one of said pawls is in operative position, being reverse to the direction in which said tool-holder is turned in unison with the body when the other pawl is in operative position.

JOHN E. WALDO'. v

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