US2280962A - Spark plug - Google Patents
Spark plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2280962A US2280962A US347091A US34709140A US2280962A US 2280962 A US2280962 A US 2280962A US 347091 A US347091 A US 347091A US 34709140 A US34709140 A US 34709140A US 2280962 A US2280962 A US 2280962A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- insulator
- spark plug
- electrode
- dielectric constant
- electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation
Definitions
- Patented Apr. 28, 1942 SPARK PLUG Taine G. McDougal, Flint, Mich., assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Application July 24, 1940, Serial No. 347,091 4 Claims. (01. 12s 1s9)
- This invention has to do with an improvement in spark plugs such as are used in internal com bustion engines.
- Spark plugs occasionally fail because the electrical stress at the-insulator surface outside of the combustion chamber becomes so great that the contiguous air is ionized and the electrical discharge takes the form of a brush or corona discharge between the spark plug terminal and the insulator shell instead of a spark between the electrodes, This difficulty is increased where the insulator is made of material having a high dielectric constant.
- Some of the improved insulator materials, such as sintered oxides and combinations of sintered oxides and silicates while far superior to conventional porcelain insulators in every other respect, possess the disadvantage of having a relatively high'dielectric constant.
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through an insulator embodying my invention.
- Figure 2 is a fragmentary view showing a slight modification.
- Ill indicates an insulator mounted in any desired manner in the shell l2 having its lowe: indicates the usual side electrode and I6 indicates the composite center electrode here shown as consisting of a lower portion [8 made of heat and corrosion resistant metal or'alloy, and an upper portion 20, preferably made oi'good'heatconducting metal such as copper, connected by an intermediate portion 22 consisting of electrically conducting glass thermally bonded to the electrode sections and to the insulator.
- glass may be fused in place at the same time that the conducting glass 22 is fused in place. If preferred it may be in the form of powder tamped in position. Instead of glass, other suitable materials of low dielectric constant may be employed such as porcelain or various synthetic or natural insulating materials. Introduction of material of low dielectric constant between the central electrode and the shell substantially reduces the electrical stress at the surface of the insulator and so prevents brush or corona discharge which interferes with sparking at the electrodes.
- the electrcde I6 consists. of two sections integrally formed or welded together or simply held in close contact.
- the material 26 of low dielectric constant performs the same function as in Figure 1.
- the material of low dielectric constant could be provided around the outside of the insulator instead of within its bore.
- a spark plug comprising spaced electrodes, an insulator between the said electrodes, and material having lower dielectric strength than the insulator interposed between one of said electrodes and the insulator so as to reduce the electrical stress in the insulator and prevent corona discharge or flashover.
- a spark plug comprising spaced electrodes, an insulator between said electrodes having a portion the surface of which is normally exposed to the air, a material having lower dielectric strength than the insulator interposed between said portion ofithe insulator and one of said electrodes so'a's to reduce the electrical stress at the exposed surface of the insulator and prevent r corona discharge or flashover.
- a spark plug comprising a shell having an insulator therein, a central electrode in said insulator, said insulator having a portion the sur- 2 assumes strength than the insulator surrounding the upper end of said electrode and serving to reduce the electrical stress at the expo ed surface thereor so as to prevent corona discharge or flashover.
- a spark filua insulator assembly comprising an insulator having a central bore therein, and
Description
. end threaded for insertion in the engine.
Patented Apr. 28, 1942 SPARK PLUG Taine G. McDougal, Flint, Mich., assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Application July 24, 1940, Serial No. 347,091 4 Claims. (01. 12s 1s9) This invention has to do with an improvement in spark plugs such as are used in internal com bustion engines.
Spark plugs occasionally fail because the electrical stress at the-insulator surface outside of the combustion chamber becomes so great that the contiguous air is ionized and the electrical discharge takes the form of a brush or corona discharge between the spark plug terminal and the insulator shell instead of a spark between the electrodes, This difficulty is increased where the insulator is made of material having a high dielectric constant. Some of the improved insulator materials, such as sintered oxides and combinations of sintered oxides and silicates, while far superior to conventional porcelain insulators in every other respect, possess the disadvantage of having a relatively high'dielectric constant.
It occurred to me that this difliculty could be overcome by employing in series with the insulator material, another material having -a low dielectric constant thereby greatly reducing the electrical stress at the surface of the insulator and hence avoiding any possibility of short-circuiting the spark through brush or corona discharge at the insulator surface. This may be simply accomplished by inserting the low dielectric constant material in the bore of the insulator surrounding the electrode. The material may consist of glass fused in place in the insulator bore or, if desired, the material may take the form of powder rammed in place.
The invention will be disclosed in detail in the course of the following description.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through an insulator embodying my invention.
Figure 2 is a fragmentary view showing a slight modification.
Ill indicates an insulator mounted in any desired manner in the shell l2 having its lowe: indicates the usual side electrode and I6 indicates the composite center electrode here shown as consisting of a lower portion [8 made of heat and corrosion resistant metal or'alloy, and an upper portion 20, preferably made oi'good'heatconducting metal such as copper, connected by an intermediate portion 22 consisting of electrically conducting glass thermally bonded to the electrode sections and to the insulator. This.
type of composite electrode is described and claimed in Patent No. 2,106,578v "issued to schwartzwalder and Kirk on January 25, 1938 and in application Serial No. 343,808, filed by Schwartzwalder andRulka on July 3, 1940. The
' glass may be fused in place at the same time that the conducting glass 22 is fused in place. If preferred it may be in the form of powder tamped in position. Instead of glass, other suitable materials of low dielectric constant may be employed such as porcelain or various synthetic or natural insulating materials. Introduction of material of low dielectric constant between the central electrode and the shell substantially reduces the electrical stress at the surface of the insulator and so prevents brush or corona discharge which interferes with sparking at the electrodes.
In the modification shown in FigureZ, the electrcde I6 consists. of two sections integrally formed or welded together or simply held in close contact. The material 26 of low dielectric constant performs the same function as in Figure 1.
Obviously, if preferred, the material of low dielectric constant could be provided around the outside of the insulator instead of within its bore.
I claim:
1. A spark plug comprising spaced electrodes, an insulator between the said electrodes, and material having lower dielectric strength than the insulator interposed between one of said electrodes and the insulator so as to reduce the electrical stress in the insulator and prevent corona discharge or flashover.
2. A spark plug comprising spaced electrodes, an insulator between said electrodes having a portion the surface of which is normally exposed to the air, a material having lower dielectric strength than the insulator interposed between said portion ofithe insulator and one of said electrodes so'a's to reduce the electrical stress at the exposed surface of the insulator and prevent r corona discharge or flashover.
3. A spark plug comprising a shell having an insulator therein, a central electrode in said insulator, said insulator having a portion the sur- 2 assumes strength than the insulator surrounding the upper end of said electrode and serving to reduce the electrical stress at the expo ed surface thereor so as to prevent corona discharge or flashover.
4. A spark filua insulator assembly comprising an insulator having a central bore therein, and
' having a portion adapted to be exposed to the air in the use oi the plug, an electrode in said bore, and material of lower dielectric strength than the insulator surrounding the electrode throughout the said portion 0! the insulator so as to reduce the electrical stress in the exposed portion of the insulator and prevent corona discharge or nashover.
. TAINE G. MCDOUGAL'.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US347091A US2280962A (en) | 1940-07-24 | 1940-07-24 | Spark plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US347091A US2280962A (en) | 1940-07-24 | 1940-07-24 | Spark plug |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2280962A true US2280962A (en) | 1942-04-28 |
Family
ID=23362274
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US347091A Expired - Lifetime US2280962A (en) | 1940-07-24 | 1940-07-24 | Spark plug |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US2280962A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2459282A (en) * | 1949-01-18 | Resistor and spabk plug embodying | ||
US2482933A (en) * | 1947-07-16 | 1949-09-27 | Augustin L J Queneau | Glass impregnated carbon articles |
US2636832A (en) * | 1949-12-22 | 1953-04-28 | Gen Electric | Method of forming semiconducting layers on glass and article formed thereby |
US2813226A (en) * | 1950-12-12 | 1957-11-12 | Gen Electric | Concentric type electrode |
US2864884A (en) * | 1954-01-25 | 1958-12-16 | Gen Motors Corp | Resistor and spark plug embodying same |
US3920172A (en) * | 1974-10-03 | 1975-11-18 | Bendix Corp | Conductive glass seal assembly |
WO2016154368A1 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-09-29 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Corona suppression at the high voltage joint through introduction of a semi-conductive sleeve between the central electrode and the dissimilar insulating materials |
WO2017053695A1 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Air-free cap end design for corona ignition system |
-
1940
- 1940-07-24 US US347091A patent/US2280962A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2459282A (en) * | 1949-01-18 | Resistor and spabk plug embodying | ||
US2482933A (en) * | 1947-07-16 | 1949-09-27 | Augustin L J Queneau | Glass impregnated carbon articles |
US2636832A (en) * | 1949-12-22 | 1953-04-28 | Gen Electric | Method of forming semiconducting layers on glass and article formed thereby |
US2813226A (en) * | 1950-12-12 | 1957-11-12 | Gen Electric | Concentric type electrode |
US2864884A (en) * | 1954-01-25 | 1958-12-16 | Gen Motors Corp | Resistor and spark plug embodying same |
US3920172A (en) * | 1974-10-03 | 1975-11-18 | Bendix Corp | Conductive glass seal assembly |
WO2016154368A1 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-09-29 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Corona suppression at the high voltage joint through introduction of a semi-conductive sleeve between the central electrode and the dissimilar insulating materials |
US9755405B2 (en) | 2015-03-26 | 2017-09-05 | Federal-Mogul Llc | Corona suppression at the high voltage joint through introduction of a semi-conductive sleeve between the central electrode and the dissimilar insulating materials |
CN107636916A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2018-01-26 | 费德罗-莫格尔有限责任公司 | Suppressed by the corona for using semiconductive sleeve pipe to carry out at high pressure connection between central electrode and different insulative material |
CN107636916B (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2019-07-16 | 费德罗-莫格尔有限责任公司 | Inhibited by the corona for using semiconductive casing to carry out at high pressure connection between central electrode and different insulative material |
WO2017053695A1 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Air-free cap end design for corona ignition system |
US9941671B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2018-04-10 | Federal-Mogul Llc | Air-free cap end design for corona ignition system |
CN108475901A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2018-08-31 | 费德罗-莫格尔公司 | It designs at airfree lid end for corona ignition |
US10361540B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2019-07-23 | Tenneco Inc | Air-free cap end design for corona ignition system |
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