US2279142A

US2279142A - Typewriting machine

Info

Publication number: US2279142A
Application number: US371196A
Authority: US
Inventors: Kittel John Joseph
Original assignee: Royal Typewriter Co Inc
Current assignee: Royal Typewriter Co Inc
Priority date: 1940-12-21
Filing date: 1940-12-21
Publication date: 1942-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 1959-04-07

Description

April 7, 1942. KlTTEL, 2,279,142

TYPEWRITING MACHINE I Filed Dec. 21, 1940 4 Shee"cs-Shet 1 Iii In,"

Q k INVENTOR Jbhn at Kifi'el ATTORNEYS April 7, 1942. J. J. KiTTEL TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Dec. 21 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR John J Kifi'el flMmgv W /& ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 7, 1942 TYPEWBITING MACHINE John Joseph to Roya Kittel, St. Albans, N. Y., assignor Typewriter Company, Inc., New York,

N. Y., a corporation of New York Application December 21, 1940, Serial No. 371,196

31 Claims. (Cl. 197-66) This invention relates to typewriting machines, and, more particularly. to mechanism for returning the carriages of such machines after the typing of a line to position the carriage in readiness for the starting of another line of typ g. v

In most conventional or standard typewriters, the carriages are returned manually, usually through the instrumentalityof a combined linespacing and carriage-returning lever or handle. Various kinds of power-operated mechanism have been provided for returning the carriages in order to eliminate manual effort and increase speed of operation. Most of such mechanisms previously provided have had some objectionable characeristics, such as jerky operation resulting from the quick pick-up of the drive retuming thecarriage, which is hard on the entire machine and conducive to undesirably noisy operation.

An object of the present invention is to provide an improved carriage return mechanism in which these objections are overcome. Inaccordance with the invention, an impositive or cushioned drive is interposed between a motive member and the carriage so that the picking up of the carriage load is cushioned and Jerking of the carriage is eliminated, but, at the .same time, no undesirable delay in returning the carriage to its starting position is encountered.

Another object is to provide carriage return mechanism including an lmpositive fluid drive coupling.

A further and important object of the invention is to provide, in connection with can-lage tics previously referred to and which is adaptedto drive the carriage in both the letter-spacing and return directions.

Another object is to provide cushioned carriage return driving mechanism arranged to efiect line-spacing movement of the typewriter platen prior to the return movement of the carriage.-

A further object is to provide mechanism of the character referred to so constructed and arranged as to be capable of being applied easily as an attachment to standard typewriters.

Other objects will become apparent from a reading of the following detailed description, the appended claims, and the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l is a fragmentary side elevation of a typewriter equipped with mechanism embodying the invention in one form, some of the standard or known typewriter parts being omitted;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of fluid-coupled driving means, the section bein taken on the line 22 of Figure 4;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary view'in rear elevation showing mechanism embodying the inventionapplied to a typewriter, some of the known and conventional typewriter parts being omitted;

Figure 4 Ba fragmentary top plan view of a typewriter equipped with mechanism embodying the invention, some of the known or standard typewriter parts being omitted;

Figure 5 is a vertical section taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 1;

Figure 6 is a detailed section taken on the line H of Figure-1;

Figure 7 is a longitudinal view, partly in section and partly in elevation, showing an impositive drive coupling and reversing gearing embodied in a modification shown further in Figures 8 and 9;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary rear view of the modified embodiment, some parts being shown in elevation and others in section on the line 8 8 of Figure 9; and '1 Figure 9 is a section on the line 8-9 of Figur 8, with most parts appearing in elevation.

Embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 6, inclusive One form of mechanism embodying the invention is shown in Figures 1 to 6, inclusive, as being applied to a Royal standard typewriter including a frame generally designated A and a carriage generally designated B mounted for 1 ing typewriter.

" anism is adapted for attachment to an existing typewriter, and includes a mounting plate 22 secured to the typewriter frame A by means of four line-spacing lever 2, and the other end of the link is pivotally connected as at 6 to a rock arm I which carries a pawl 8 cooperable with a ratchet wheel 9 secured to the platen, the arrangement being such that rocking of the line-spacing lever 2 toward the rear of the typewriter will project the link 4 rearwardly to rock the arm] and move the pawl 8 into engagement with the ratchet draw band H, the free end of which is connected as at W to the carriage- Movement of the car-.

riage in the letter-spacing direction under the urge of the spring barrel i3 and draw band it is controlled in the usual manner by escapement mechanism of a known kind, and only parts of which are shown. Referring to Figure 4, the escapement-mechanism includes an escapement wheel l5 cooperable with the usual dogs one, It, of which is shown. The escapement wheel-is connected by a pawl l5 to an escapement pinion H which meshes with an escapement rack ll mounted on the carriage B. Movement of the carriage in the letter-spacing direction is limited by engagement of a margin stop is mounted on a margin stop bar 20 with a center stop 20'. Movement of the carriage in the return direction is limited by engagement of a margin stop 2| with the center stop 20".

The parts described thus far are of known construction and organi- 1 zation. The present invention relates more particularly to ,other parts to be described, the combinations of such other parts with each other,

and the combinations of such other parts with the known parts already described.

Carriage return mechanism constructed in accordance with the present invention may be applied to a typewriter either in the buildingof the typewriter or as an attachment to an exist- In the form shown, the mechposts 23. An electric motor 24 is secured by means of screws 25-to a bracket 28 which in turn is secured to the mounting plate 22 by screws 21. The motor 24 is arranged to transmit drive through an impositive drive coupling generally designated D to a carriage return driving mechanism generally designated E.

The impositive drive coupling shown is of the kinetic fluid medium type similar to that disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 327,707, filed April 3, 1940. The coupling includes a large diameter pulley 22 formed with a hub 2| Journaled in a bearing a fixed an extension ll of the mounting plate 22. pulley 22, which constitutes the motive element of the coupling, that is, the element which introduces motive power to the coupling, is driven from the electric motor 24 by means of a belt 22 looped around a motor pulley 33 and an idler pulley 34 Journaled as at 38 on a clevis bracket II secured to the mounting plate 22 by screws 31. The

small pulleys

22 and 34 are disposed below the large pulley 22, and the upper stretch of the belt loop peripherally engages the pulley 28 at its bottom. As a result of this arrangement, the

small pulleys

22 and 34 and belt 32 are disposed at a low level, thereby minimizing the danger of paper or clothing becoming caught between the belt and any of the pulleys with which it engages.

The reduced end of a shaft 22 is mounted to rotate freely in a bore 39 formed in the hub 22. Adjacent its opposite end the shaft 22 is mounted to rotate in a bearing 40 fast in a bushing "I fixedly mounted in a bracket 42 secured by screws 43 to the mounting plate 22. A fluid -ooupling impeller section 44 is mounted to turn freely on the shaft 38 and is secured by screws to the web of the pulley 28. The impeller 44 and a bulge 45 in the pulley web together form the housing of the fluid coupling device. The hub 48 of the impeller is elongated and is provided at its outer end with a bellows seal 41 adjustable by a nut 48 for maintaining the interior of the housing sealed against the escape of working fluid indicated at F.

Vanes 49 fixed to the impeller 44 are cooperable through the medium of the fluid F with vanes ll carried by a coupling runner 5i secured by a pin 52 to the shaft I8. The adjacent end of the shaft is formed with alongitudinal passage 52 and av lateral passage 54 for'enabling the introduction of working fluid through an opening in the hub 29 normally closed by a screw plug II.

Mounted on the opposite end of the shaft 28 is,

a carriage return driving member or winding drum 56 secured to the shaft by a screw I! which serves also to connect to the drum a draw band" windable upon the drum. The draw band extends from the drum around a pulley ll journaled on a bracket 60 secured by screws II to the usual tabulator flnger cover 82, and thence around a pulley 63 Joumaled on a-bracket 24 secured as at 68 to the carriage B. The band extends from the pulley 82 forwardly to the linespacing mechanism, the end of the band being secured by a screw i. to an arcuate segment I! pivoted on the carriage as at 3 and pinned as at 62 to the line-spacing lever 2 to rock in unison therewith.

In operation, motor drive transmitted through the belt 22 to the pulley 28 and impeller 44 drives the runner ll through the fluid F. thereby rotating the shaft II and winding drum It so as to pull on the band SI. The initial movement of the band will rock the segment 81, and, with it,

the line-spacing lever 2, to effect line-spacing movement of the platen C, When the line-spacing operation has been completed, further pulling of the draw band 58 will move the carriage in the return direction, movement of the various parts at this stage of the operation being indicated by the arrows a in. Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. Preferably, the motor 24 normally is inactive and is started by means later to be described for inmating the line-spacing operation and return movement of the carriage. The motor, upon being started, willcome up to speed quickly, but

this will occasion no undesirable shocks because the impositive drive afforded by the fluid coupling acts as a cushion, causing the inertia of'the stationary carriage to be overcome smoothly and gradually, although without undesirable delay. The capacity of the fluid F to transmit drive is nil when the impeller moves very slowly. The driving effect of the fluidF increases as its kinetic energy is increased by being rotated by the impeller 44 at progressively increasing speed. Consequently, the fluid coupling automatically provides the desired cushioning of the carriage drive and brings the carriage up to the desired return travel 'speedquickly. It will be observed that the drive-transmitting connections between the motive pulley 28 and the carriage do not include any parts such as have to be brought into engagement after the motive pulley has been started. Instead, the drive connections between the pulley 28 and the clutch elements which by an extended dwell 89 on the cam 89. The arrangement is such that during initial movement 9 a of the key the cam surface 84 will close the switch; and during progressively further movecarriage are always conditioned for the transmis- I sion of carriage return driving effort. I

During return-travel drive of the carriage transmitted by the fluid coupling, energy-storing movement will be imparted to the spring barrel l3 in preparation for subsequent letter spacing carriage drive. When the carriage reaches the end of its return travel and is'arrested by engagement of the margin stop 2| with the center stop 20, it will be held positively against further movement and without rebound. The carriage may be arrested in this way without its being necessary to stop the motor immediately, -because the slip of fluid in the impositive drive fluid coupling D will permit the impeller 44 to continue to rotatewhile the runner 5| remains stationary.

In accordance with a feature of the invention, means is provided for retarding the carriage during its return movement prior to the engagement of the margin stop 2| with the center stop 28 in order to prevent the margin stop 2| from,

striking the center stop 20a with too much-force. To this end, a brake is located on the carriage side of the coupling D, the arrangement being such that the brake retards the winding drum 58 without, however, retarding the motive pulley 28 and impeller 44. The brake includes a drum 89 formed integrally with the winding drum n", and

being thereby constrained to rotate with the ments of the key the switch. will be maintained closed by the dwell' 89, and the brake band 18 will be applied to the brake drum 69 with progressively increasing force.

Because of the impositive action of the drive coupling D, the carriage may be moved manually in either direction without restraint by the carriage driving mechanism by actuating the usual escapement releasing -mechanism -(not shown). In order that manual movement of the carriage in the return direction will not produce looseness in the draw band 58, a helical spring 98 is secured by a screw 91 to the brake drum 69, and is secured by a screw 92 to the bushing 4i which pro lides a fixed anchoragefor the adjacent end of the spring 98. The spring is so tensioned that it normally tends to rotate the brake drum 69 and winding drum 56 to maintain the draw band 58 taut at all times.

Embodiment shown in Figures 7 to 9, inclusive parts, such as the frame-A, the carriage B, and the escapement rack i8 are designated by the same reference characters as designate the corresponding parts in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 6, inclusive. A plate 93 which is seshaft 38. A polished steel brake band 18 partially surrounds the drum 59 and has its free ends equipped with springs ll connected to means under the control of the operator for resiliently urging the band 18 into frictional engagement with the drum 69.

Preferably, the brake and carriage return driving means are operable coniointly. A combined' carriage return drive-effecting and carriage retarding key 12 fulcrumed on the frame A as at 13 is pivotally connected as at 14 to the front end of a push bar or link 15. The rear end of the link 15 is pi-votally connected as at 18 to one arm TI of a lever 18 having a pintle 19 journaled in a bushing 80 fixed to the mounting plate 22. The other arm 8| of the lever I8 is formed with a hooked end 82 to which the springs 1 i-ll are connected. By depressing the key 12, the link 15 will be thrust rearwardly, and the lever 18 will be rocked in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Figure 1, thereby pulling down on'the springs II and resiliently urging the band 10 into engagement with the brake drum 89.

Mounted on the push link 15 is a switch-operating cam generally designated 83 formed with an inclined cam surface 84 cooperable with a spring arm 85 for moving the arm up against and depressing a button 86 on a switch 81 in circuit with the motor 24. The switch may be secured to the bracket 28 by screws 88. Initial depresscured to the frame A by means of posts 94 and screws 95 serves to mount a carriage-driving and carriage return speed control mechanism including reversing gearing generally designated G, an impositive drive coupling H, a carriage-driving drum or pulley element 1, and a looped band J arranged to be driven by the pulley I for moving the carriage B in both the letter-spacing and the return direction, depending upon the direction of rotation of the pulley I.

The looped band J may be trained or supported to extend in the direction of carriage travel in any suitable manner, for example, in a manner similar to the mounting of the carriage driving band in the copending application Serial No. 327,707 previously referred to. As shown in Figure 8, the band J-extends partially around and in contact with the carriage-driving pulley I, and one stretch of the band extending from the pulley passes in contact with a guide pulley 96 :iournaled on abracket 91 supported on the frame A. From the pulley 98, the band extends around a teusioning pulley 98 'journaled .on an arm 99 pivoted as at Hill on the bracket 91, and being urged to tension the band by means of a spring l8l connected to an adjusting screw I02. A stretch j of the bandextends from the pulley 98 along in back of the carriage and is connected to a bracket I03 on the carriage. Thence the band extends around guide pulleys I04 and I journaled on a bracket I08 supported on the main frame, and around a guide pulley i0! journaled on a bracket I88 supported on the main frame A. The band passes around and in contact with a drum N9 journaled as at H0 on the main frame A and bracket Hi8, around a guide pulley lll' fluid coupling H, includes a web I20 and a hub I2I which is joumaled for rotation in the bushing H3. The other half of the coupling housing comprises a housing section I22 secured to the first-named housing section by means of screws I23. The pulley hub I2I is formed with a bore I24 in which is mounted for rotation the reduced end of-a shaft I25 which passes freely through the hub I26 of the housing section I22, and is journaled in a bearing I21 supported in the bushing II3. An opening in the pulley web I20 normally closed by a plug I20 provides for the introduction of fluid F into the coupling housing.

" to receiverollers one, SI, of which is shown The runner housing section I22 is provided with internal radial vanes I28 which are cooperable, through the medium of the fluid F, with radial vanes I23 on a coupling impeller I30 pinned at I3I to the shaft I25. In operation, the shaft I is rotated by means later to be described, and, through the me'dium' of the fluid F which is whirled by the vanes I23, drives the coupling housing or runner lmpositively so as to provide the driving force necessary to move the carriage 'B in the letter-spacing or the return direction,

depending upon the direction of rotation of the shaft I25.

The coupling runner section I22 is formed in- .tegrally with a brake drum I32'adapted to cooperate in a manner to be described with a polished steel brake band I33. A bellows seal I 34,

' which bears against the brake drum and is ad- Justable by means of a nut I35, maintains the coupling housing sealed against leakage of operating fluid F along the shaft I25. The shaft proiects to the left (as viewed-in Figure 7) beyond the, seal I34, and mounts two driven bevel gears I36 and I31 which are constrained against axial movement along the shaft, but which rotate freely with respect to the shaft. Both of the driven gears I38 and I31 are in constant mesh with a motive bevel gear I38 adapted to be driven in the direction of the arrow b in Figure 7 by a motor r indicated generally at I33. The bevel gear I36 is provided with a hub I40 which abuts against as'being mounted on a fork lever I52 pivoted on the mounting plate 33 as at I53. A spring I54 interposed between a stud I55 on the mounting plate 33 and an arm I56 projecting from the fork lever I52 normally urges the sleeve I46 to the right so as to maintain the teeth I48 of the sleeve in mesh with the toothed surface I44 of the gear I36. Accordingly, the shaft I25 normally will be driven in the direction of the arrow e in Figure 8 so as to drive the band J in the direction of the arrow j and urge the carriage in the letter-spacing direction. When the sleeve I46 is shifted toward the left from the position shown in Figures 7 and 9, it first will pass through a neutral position, in which it has operative connection with neitherof the gears I 36 and I31, and then will become operatively connected to the gear I31 through the medium of the sleeve teeth I43 and the toothed surface I45 on the gear I31. The shaft I25 and coupling impeller I30 then will be driven in the direction opposite the arrow e so as to drive the pulley I andband J also in the opposite direction, andmove the carriage in the return direction.

Control. means is provided for shifting the sleeve I46 to effect the reversal as set forth above,

' and also for applying the brake band I33 to the brake drum I32, the arrangement being such that the brake band is caused to retard the drum I32 and shaft I25 while the sleeve I46 is passing through its neutral position so as to reduce the relative speed of the sleeve and the gear I31 with which it is to be connected or clutched, thus facilitating meshing of the sleeve teeth I43 with the toothed surface I on the gear I31.

The control means shown includes a key lever the adjacent end of the bearing I21 to preventmovement of the gear I36 toward the right. Movement of the gear I36 to the left is prevented .by its engagement with the driving or motive gear I51 pivotally mountedas at I58 on the frame A. A link I53 is 'pivotally connected at its front end as at I60 to the key lever I51, andis pivotally connected at its rear end as at I 6I to an arm I62 of a compound lever I63 pivoted on the mounting plate 33 as at I64. Another arm I65 of the lever I63 is connected to both ends of the brake band I33 by means of springs I66 which enable the brake band to be applied to the drum I32 yieldingly or resiliently. Another arm I61 of the compound lever I63 is pivoted as at I68 to a link I63, the rear end of which is pivoted as at I10 to a camplate I1I which I33. The driven bevel gear I31 is provided with a hub I which is in end-to-end relation with a ball thrust bearing I42 abutting against a bracket I43 supported on the mounting plate 33, the gear I31 thereby being held against axial movement to the left. Meshing of the gear I31 with the gear I36 prevents axial movement of the gear I31 toward the right.

The gears I36 and I31 are driven in opposite directions as indicated respectively by the arrows c and d in Figure 7, and are adapted selectively to be coupled or clutched to the shaft I25 so as to drive the impeller I30 in the desired direction. To this end, the gear I36 is provided with a toothed surface I44 which is opposed to and faces, but is spaced from, a toothed surface I45 on the gear I31. A shiftable clutch device or sleeve I46 is splined to the shaft I25 as at I41, and is provided at its opposite ends with teeth is pivoted as at I12 on the mounting plate 33.

A spring I13 interposed between the stud I55 and an arm I14 projecting downwardly from the cam plate I1I normally urges the cam against a stop lug I15 carried by the plate 33. The cam is formed with a low portion I16, an inclined cam rise I11, and an extended or long dwell portion I18. A resilient spring arm I13 fast with the fork lever I52 carries a cam follower roller I30 engaging the cam plate I1I.

In operation, the motor I33 normally will drive the beveled gears I 36 and I31 in the directions indicated respectively by the arrows c and d in Figure 7., and the spring I54 will maintain the fork lever I52 and clutch sleeve I46 in the positions-shown in Figures 7 and 9, so that the bevel gear I36 will be clutched to the shaft I25. Consequently, the shaft I25 and fluid coupling impeller I30 will be driven in the direction indicated by the arrow e in Figure 8, tending to rotate the carriage-driving pulley I in the same direction, and thus tending to move the carriage in the letter-spacing direction as indicated by the arrow 1 in Figure 8. when the escapement mechanism has not beenoperated to release the carriage for letter-spacing movement, the carrlage will be held at rest, as is permitted by the impositive action of the kinetic type fluid coupling. When the escapement mechanism is operated to permit letterespacing, the fluid coupling will provide thenecessary operative connection between the shaft I25 and the carriage B for moving the carriage a letter space. During this time, the brake band I33 is not eifectively'applied to the drum I32.

When it is desired to return the carriage preparatory to the typing of a new line, the key lever I51 is depressed, thus thrusting the link 159 rearwardly, rocking the compound lever 63 in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Figure 9, thrusting the link I88 rearwardly, and

rocking the cam Ill in 'a counterclockwise direction against the urge of the spring I13. The rise ill of the cam will elevate the roller I80,

thus rocking the resilient arm I19 and the jerk lever I52 ina. counterclockwise direction so as to disengage the sleeve I45 from the gear I36.

Simultaneously, the brake band'I33 is applied to the brake drum, and, while the sleeve I45 is passing through its neutral position, during which it has no operative connection with either of the gears I35 and I31, the brake band I33 will act effectively on the drum I32 to retard the shaft I so as to reduce the. relative rotative speeds of the sleeve I46 and the gear I31, and

thereby facilitate smooth engagement of the sleeve'with the gear I31, and lessen the strain incident to reversal of the direction of rotation of the shaft I25 and the partsrotatable' with it. After the sleeve I46 has been operatively engaged with the gear I31, the shaft I25 and coupling impeller I will rotate in the reverse direction, and, through the medium of thefluid F,

- will drive the coupling runner and pulley I so as to drive the carriage B in the return direction. The speed of movement of the carriage during its return travel may be controlled by further depression of the key lever I51, which will apply the brake band I33 resiliently through the springs I56 with progressively increased force against the brake drum I32. After the cam follower roller I80 has passed over the rise I11 and onto the long dwell I18, the cam "I may continue to rock in response to further depression of the key I51 without any operative effect upon the fork lever vI52, thus permitting the key I51 to be depressed progressively after reversal of the drive so as-to produce progressively increasing braking effect. e.

The mechanisms shown herein embody the invention in the now preferred forms, but varl ous changes maybe made without departing from the invention as defined in the claims.

I claim: 7 V 1. In carriage driving mechanism for a type and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, an electric motor; a carriage-return driving member; means providing driving connection between said member and said carriage; means including an impositive drive transmitting kinetic type fluid coupling interposed between said motor and said driving member and being constantly conditioned to transmit drive from said motor to said driving member; and a switch in circuit with said motor for starting and stopping said motor.

3. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motive element; a. rotatable carriage-return driving member; connections including a kinetic type fluid coupling interposed between said motive element and said driving member, said coupling including a rotatable impeller operatively connected to said motive element, a rotatable runner operatively connected to said driving member, and drive-transmitting fluid operatively associated with said impeller. and said runner, all of said connections between the driving member and the motive element being constantly conditioned for transmitting impositive drive from said motive element to said driving m oer; and means for starting and stopping said motive element.

4.111 carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine includihg a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motive element; a rotat-able carriage-return driving member; connecwriting orthe like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motive element; a carriage-return driving member; means providing driving connection between said member and said carriage; means including an impositive drive transmitting kinetic type fluid coupling interposed between said motive element and said driving member and being constantly conditioned to transmit drive from said motive element to said driving member; and means .for starting and stopping said motive element.

tions including a kinetic type fluid coupling interposed between said motive element and said driving member, said coupling including a rotatable impeller operatively connected to said motive element, a rotatable runner operatively connected to said driving member, and drive-transmitting fluidoperatively associated with said impeller and said runner, all of said connections between the driving member and the motive element being constantly conditioned for transmitting impositive drive from said motive element to said driving member, said fluid coupling constituting a necessary part of the only operable train of driving connections between said motive element and said carriagerand means for starting and stopping said motive element.

5. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motive element; a rotatable winding drum; a draw band wound on said drum and being connected to said carriage; conmeans for starting and stopping said motive element, said connections between said motive element and said winding drum being constantly conditioned for transmitting impositive drive from said motive element to said winding drum; and a spring having a fixed anchorage and also being connected to said drum for constantly urging the drum to wind up the draw band, whereb to maintain said draw band taut.

6. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the-like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motor; and driving connections between the motor and the carriage-comprising a pulley drivingly connected to said carriage, a motor pulley connected to said motor -to be driven thereby, an idler pulley, and a 'belt trained over said motor pulley and said idler pulley to form acontinuous loop, the outside of one stretch of the loop engaging the pulley which is connected tothe carriage..

7. In' carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motor mounted low on said frame; and driving connections between .the motor and carriage comprising a large-diameter pulley Journaled on the frame above the motor and being drivingly connected to the carriage, a small diameter idler pulley journaled on the frame below the large diameter pulley, a small diameter motor pulley connected to said motor to be driventhereby. and a belt trained over said small diameter pulleys, the belt being disposed below said large diameter pulley and the outside of the upper stretch of the belt engaging a part of the periphery of the large diameter pulley at the bottom thereof.

8. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and ing and return travel, a motive element; a carriage-return driving member; means providing driving connection between said member and said carriage; means including an I impositive drive-transmitting fluid coupling interposed between said motive element and said driving member and being constantly conditioned to transmit drive from said motive element to said driving member; a brake on the carriage side of said fluid coupling for retarding carriage-return movement; and control means for starting said *motive element and applying said brake.

a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motive element; a carriagereturn driving member: means providing driving connection between said member and said carriage; impositive 'drive means interposed between said motive element and said driving member and being constantly conditioned to transmit drive from said motive elementto said driving member; a brake on the carriage side of said impositive drive means for retarding carriage-return movement without stopping said motive element; and means operable at will forapplying said brake.

9. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motive element; a carriage-return driving member; means providing driving connection between said member and said carriage; impositive drive means interposed between said motive element and said driving member and being constantly conditioned to transmit drive from said motive element to said driving member; a brake on the carriage side of said impositive drive means for retardingcarriage-return movement without stopping said motive element; and control means for starting said motive element and applying said brake.

, 10. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motive element; a carriage-return driving member; means providing driving connection betweensaid member and said carriage; means including an impositive drive-transmitting fluid coupling interposed between said motive element and said driving member and being constantly conditioned to transmit drive from said motive element to said driving member; a brake on the carriage side of said fluid couplingfor retarding carriage-return movement; and means operable at will for applying said brake.

11. In carriage driving mechanism for a type-.

12.In carriage driving mechanism for a typewritingor the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motive element; a carriage-return driving member; means providing driving connection between said member and said carriagei means including an impositive drivetransmitting fluid coupling'interposed between said motive element and said driving member and being constantly conditioned to transmit drive from said motive element to said driving member; a normally ineffective brake on the carriage side of said fluid coupling adapted when rendered effective to retard carriage-retum movement; a device for starting said motive element; a combined carriage-return movementeflecting and cariage-return movement retarding key; and connections between said key. said starting device, and said brakefor operating said starting device upon initial movement of the key and for applying said brake upon further movement of said key.

13. In carrlage'driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motor; carriage-retum driving connections including an impositive drive coupling between the motor and carriage means for starting the drive from said motor to said carriage; a brake drum operatively connected to the carriage on the carriage side of said impositive drive coupling and being rotatable in response to carriage-'return travel; a normally ineifective brake band associated with said drum; a key; and connections between said key, said brake band, and said drive starting means for starting the drive upon initial movement of the key and for maintaining said drive and applying said brake band to said drum with progressively increasing force upon progressive further movement of the key.

14. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a framev and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motor; carriage return driving connections including an impositive drive coupling between the motor and carriage; means for starting the drive from said motor to said carriage; a brake drum operatively connected to the carriage on the carriage side of said impositive drive coupling and being rotatable in response to carriage return travel; a normally ineffective brake band associated with said drum; a key; and connections betwen, said key, said brake band, and said drive starting means including yieldable means between the key and the brake band for starting the drive upon initial movement of the key and for maintaining said drive and applying said brake band to said drum with progressively increasing force upon progressive further movement of the key.

l5. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewrrting or the like machine including a frame and said winding drum, said coupling including a rotatable impeller operatively connected to said motive element, a rotatable runner opera tively connected to said drum, and drive-trans-' and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spac ing and return travel, an electric motor; carriage return driving connections including an impositive drive coupling between the motor and carriage; a switch in circuit with said motor; a brake member operatively connected to the carriage on the carriage side of said impositive drive coupling and being movable in response to carriage return movement; a cooperable brake member; a key; a switch-operating cam movable in responseto actuation of said key for closing said switch; and means connecting said key to motor and carriage; a switch in circuit with said motor; a brake member movable in response to carriage return movement; a cooperable brake member; a key; a switch-operating cam movable in response to actuation of said key for closing said switch; and means connecting said key to said cooperable brake member, said switch-operating cam having an extended dwell for maintaining said switch closed throughout different amounts of'movement of the key effecting diflerent braking effort of said cooperable brake member on said first-named brake member. Y

17. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letterspacing and return travel, an electric motor; carriage return driving connections between the motor and carriage; a switch in circuit with said motor; a brake member movable in response to carriage return movement; a cooperable brake member; a key; a push rod connected to said key; a cam carried by said push rod and being engageable with said switch for closing the latter upon initial movement of the key and push rod, said cam having a dwell to maintain the switch closed during further movement of the key and push rod; and resilient means connecting said push rod to said cooperable brake member.

18. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motor; carriage return driving connections between the motor and carriage; means for starting the drive from said motor to said carriage; a brake drum rotatable in response to carriage return travel; a normally ineifective brake band associated with said drum; a key; a link connected to said key; means movable by saidlink for actuating the drivestarting means in response to initial movement of said key; a lever connected to said link; and springs interposed between'said lever and the respective ends of said brake band for resiliently applying said band to said drum with progressively increasing force in response to progressively further movements of said key.

'19. In a typewriting or the like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for letterspacing and return travel; a platen rotatable on said carriage for line-spacing; line-spacing mechanism on said carriage associated with said platen; a motive element; a rotatable winding drum; a draw band wound on said drum and being operatively connected'to said line-spacing mechanism; connections including a fluid coupling interposed between said motive element all) mitting fluid operatively associated with said impeller and said runner, said connections bee tween said motive element and said winding drum being constantly conditioned for transmitting impositive drive from said motiveelement to said winding drum; and means for starting and stopping said motive element, winding up of the draw band on the drum first operating said line-spacing mechanism and then moving the carriage in return direction, termination of the line-spacing operation and starting of carriage return travel being cushioned by said fluid coupling.

20. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a, frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage drive pulley journaled on said frame; a looped carriage driving band peripherally engaging said carriage drive pulley; guide pulleys journaled on said frame and training a stretch of the band to extend in the direction of carriage movement and adiacent the carriage; means connecting said stretch of the band to said carriage; a motive element; and carriage letter-spacing and return travel driving connections between said motive element and said carriage drive pulley including an impositive drive coupling and reversing gearing interposed between said coupling and said motive element.

21. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage drive pulley journaled on said frame; a looped carriage driving band peripherally engaging said carriage drive pulley; guide pulleys journaled on said frame and training a stretch of the band to ex tend in the direction of carriage movement and adjacent the carriage; means connecting said stretch of the band to said carriage; a motive element; and carriage letter-spacing and return ,travel driving connections between said motive element and said carriage drive pulley including a kinetic type fluid coupling and reversing gear ing interposed between said coupling and said motive element.

22. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage driving member; a motor driven element; driving connections between said member and said element including shiftable reversing gearing and an impositive drive coupling, the coupling being operatively arranged between the reversing gearing and the carriage driving member; a brake operable on said connections between said coupling and said gearing; and control means for first applying said brake and then shifting said reversing gearing to effect carriage-return drive. 4

23'. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and returntravel, a carriage driving member; a motor driven-element;'drivingconnections between said member and said element including reversing gearing and an impositive drive coupling, said reversing gearing including two oppositely rotatable gears driven by said-motordriven element and a device shiftable for selective engagement with gears and being adapted to be disengaged from both gears temporarily during shifting movement, said coupling being operatively connected between said shifting and when said device is disengaged from both of said gears.

24. In carriage driving mechanism for atypewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for lettenspacing' and return travel, a carriage driving member; -a motor driven element; driving connections between said member and said element including reversing gearing and a kinetic type fluid coupling, said reversing gearing including two oppositely rotatable gears driven by saidmotor-driven element and a device shiftable for selective engagement with said gears and being adapted to be disengaged from both gears temporarily during shifting movement, said coupling being operatively connected between said shiftable device and said ca'rriage driving membena brak'e operable on said connections on the carriage side of said shiftable device; and control means for shifting said device to effect carriage-return drive and forapplying said brake during shifting and when said device is disengaged from both of said gears.

- 25. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carri e mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage driving member; a motor-driven element; driving connections between said member and said element including reversing gearing and a kinetic type fluid coupling, said reversing gearing including two oppositely rotatable gears driven by said motordriven element and a device shiftable for selective engagement with said gears and being adapted to be disengaged from both gears temporarily during shifting movement, said coupling being operatively connected between said shiftable device and said carriage driving membena 4 brake drum rotatable with said connections between the' reversing gearing and said coupling; a

brake band; a lever connected to said shiftable device for shifting the latter; an operating member; and connections between said lever, said brake band, and said operating member for shiftamv aua resilient connection between said control mechanism and said lever.

27. In carriage'driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage drive pulley Journaled on said frame; a looped carriage driving band pcing said device to efl'ect carriage return drive and for applying said brake while said device is being shifted and is disengaged from both of said gears.

26. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage driving member; a motor driven element; driving connections between said member and said element including a shaft, two coaxial gear rotatable about said shaft in opposite directions by said motor-driven element, toothed clutch parts on said gears respectively. a

'toothed clutch element shiftable on said shaft shaft; a cooperable brake band; a'lever for shifting said clutch element; key-operated control mechanism; a resilient connection between said control mechanism and said brake band; and a ripherally en aging said carriage drive pulley; guide pulleys journaled on said frame and training a stretch of the band to extend in the direcclutch sleeve splined to and shiftable on said shaft between said driven gear toothed surfaces and having its opposite ends provided with teeth adapted to engage selectively with the respectively adjacent driven gear toothed surfaces; a lever for shifting said sleeve on said shaft to effect such selective engagement; a spring urging said lever to effect engagement of the sleeve with that one of said driven gears which. when thus connected to the shaft, will effect letter-spacing carriage movement; means impositively coupling said shaft to said carriage drive pulley; a brake drum rotatable with said shaft: a cooperable brake element; a key; means operable by said key for eflecting cooperation of said cooperable brake element with said brake drum: a cam; a cooperable cam follower; a resilient connection between said cam follower and said shifting lever:

and means operable by the key for moving said cam to effect shifting of said lever and engagement of the sleeve with the other of said driven gears to thereby efl'ect carriage return drive.

28. In carriage driving machinsm for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motive element: carriageretum driving connections between the motive element and the carriage; means for starting the drive from said motive element to said carriage to effect return travel thereof; a brake for retarding the carriage during its return travel: a manually operable control member: and connections between said control member, said drivestarting means. and said brake for operating said drive-starting means and applying said brake in response to manual operation of said control member, said connections including a cam movable in response to operation of said control member and having an inclined portion and a long dwell. and a cam follower connected to said drive-starting means and being movable by said cam inclined portion forstarting the drive, said follower being adapted to contact said cam dwell idly during progressive further operation of said control member with consequent application of progressively increasing braking effort.

29. In a typewriting or the like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for letterspacing and return travel; a platen rotatable on said carriage for line-spacing; line-spacing mechanism on said carriage associated with said platen; a springbarrel mounted on said frame;

and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and-return travel, an electric motor; carsaid switch; and means connecting said key to said cooperable brake member.

16. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, an electric motor; carriage return driving connections between the motor and carriage; a switch in circuit with said motor; a brake member movable in response to carriage return movement; a cooperable brake member; a key; a switch-operating cam movable in response to actuation of said key for closing said switch; and means connecting said and training a stretch of the band to extend in key to said cooperable brake member, said switch-operating cam having an extended dwell for maintaining said switch closed throughout different amounts of'movement of the key effecting diiferent braking eifort of said cooperable brake member on said first-named brake member.

1'7. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letterspacing and return travel, an electric motor; carriage return driving connections between the motor and carriage; a switch in circuit with said motor; a brake member movable in response to carriage return movement; a cooperable brake member; a key; a push rod connected to said key; a cam carried by said push rod and being engageable with said switch for closing the latter upon initial movement of the key and push rod, said cam having a dwell to maintain the switch closed during further movement of the key and push rod; and resilient means connecting said push rod to said cooperable brake member.

18. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewrlting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motor; carriage return driving connections between the motor and carriage; means for starting the drive from said motor to said carriage; a brake drum rotatable in response to carriage return travel; a normally ineffective brake band associated with said drum; a key; a link connected to said key; means movable by said link for actuating the drivestarting means in response to initial movement of said key; a lever connected to said link; and springs" interposed between said lever and the respective ends of said brake band for resiliently applying said band to said drum with progressively increasing force in response to progressively further movements of said key.

'19. In a typewriting or the like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for letterspacing and return travel; a platen rotatable on said carriage for line-spacing; line-spacing mechanism on said carriage associated with said platen; a motive element; a rotatable winding drum; a draw band wound on said drum and being operatively connected to said line-spacing mechanism; connections including a fluid coupling interposed between said motive element 10 ment to said winding drum;

and said winding drum, said coupling including a rotatable impeller operatively connected to said motive element, a rotatable runner opera-. tively connected to said drum, and drive-trans- 6 mitting fluid operatively associated with said impeller and said runner, said connections between said motive elementand said winding drum being constantly conditioned for transmitting impositive drive from said motive eleand means for starting and stopping said motive element, winding up of the draw band on the drum first operating said line-spacing mechanism and then moving the carriage in return direction, termination of the line-spacing operation and starting of carriage return travel being cushioned by said fluid coupling.

20. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a, frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage drive pulley journaled on said frame; a looped carriage driving band peripherally engaging said carriage drive pulley; guide pulleys Journaled on said frame the direction of carriage movement and adjacent the carriage; means connecting said stretch of the band to said carriage; a motive element; and carriage letter-spacing and return travel driving connections between said motive element and said carriage drive pulley including an impositive drive coupling and reversing gearing interposed between said coupling and said motive element.

21. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage drive pulley journaled on said frame; a looped carriage driving band peripherally engaging said carriage drive pulley; guide pulleys journaled on said frame and training a stretch of the band to ex tend in the direction of carriage movement and adjacent the carriage; means connecting said K stretch of the band to said carriage; a motive element; and carriage letter-spacing and return travel driving connections between said motive element and said carriage drive pulley including a kinetic type fluid coupling and reversing geariw ing interposed between said coupling and said motive element.

22. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage driving member; a m0- tor-driven element; driving connections between said member and said element including shiftable reversing gearing and an impositive drive coupling, the coupling being operatively arranged between the reversing gearing and the carriage driving member; a brake operable on said connections between said coupling and said gearing; and control means for first applying said brake and then shifting said reversing gearing to ef- 05 fect carriage-return drive.

23. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage driving member; a motor drivenelementfdriving connections between said member and said element including reversing gearing and an impositive drive coupling, said reversing gearing including two oppositely rotatable gears driven by said motordriven element and a device shiftable for selective engagement with said gears and being adapted to be disengaged from both gears. temporarily during shifting movement, said coupling being operatively connected between said shiftable device and said carriage driving membet; a brake operable on said connections on the carriage side of said shiftable device; and control means for shifting said device to eflect carriage- -return drive and for applying said brake during shifting and when said device is disengaged from both of said gears.

shifting movement. said coupling being operatively connected between said shiftable device and said carriage driving memben-a brake operable on said connections on the carriage side of said shiftable device; and control means for shifting said device to effect carriage-return drive and forapplying said brake during shifting and when said device is disengaged from both of said gears. 25. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage driving member; a motor-driven element; driving connections between said member and said element including reversing gearing and a kinetic type fluid coupling, said reversing gearing including two oppositely rotatable gears driven by said .motordriven element and a device shiftable for selective engagement with said gears and being adapted to be disengaged from both gears temporarily during shifting movement, said coupling 'being operatively connected between said shiftable device and said carriage driving member; a brake drum rotatable with said connections between the reversing gearing and said coupling; a brake band; a lever connected to said shiftable device for shifting the latter; an operating memher; and connections between said lever, said brake band, and said operating member for shifting said device to effect carriage return drive and for applying said brake while said device is being resilient connection between said control mechanism and said lever. 4

27. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage drive pulley Joumaled on said frame; a looped carriage driving band peripherally en ging said carriage drive pulley; guide pulleys journaled on said frame and training a stretch of the band to extend in the direction of carriage movement and adjacent the carriage; means connecting said stretch of the band to said carriage; a motive bevel gear; a shaft at right angles to the axis of rotation of said gear; two bevel gears freely rotatable on said shaft and being in mesh with said motive gear to be driven in opposite directions thereby; spaced opposed toothed surfaces on said gears respectively; a clutch sleeve splined to and shiftable on said shaft between said driven gear toothed surfaces and having its opposite ends provided with teeth adapted to engage selectively with the respectively adjacent driven gear toothed surfaces; a lever for shifting said sleeve on said shaft to effect such selective engagement; a spring urging said lever to effect engagementof the sleeve with that one of said driven gears which, when thus connected'to the shaft, will effect letter-spacing carriage movement; means impositively coupling said shaft to said carriage drive pulley; a brake drum rotatable with said shaft: a cooperable brake element; a key; means operable by said key for effecting cooperation of said cooperable brake element with said brake drum; a cam; a cooperable cam follower; a resilient connection between said cam follower and said shifting lever;

and means operable by the key for moving said cam to effect shifting of said lever and engagement of the sleeve with the other of said driven gears to thereby ell'ect carriage return drive.

28. In carriage driving machinsm for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a motive element; carriageretum driving connections between the motive element and the carriage; means for starting the drive from said motive element to said carriage to effect return travel thereof; a brake for retarding the carriage during its return travel; a manually operable control member; and connections between said control member, said drivestarting means, and said brake for operating said drive-starting means and applying said brake in response to manual operation of said control shifted and is disengaged from both of said gears.

26. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel, a carriage driving member; a motor driven element; driving connections between said member and said element including a shaft, two coaxial gear rotatable about said shaft in opposite directions by said motor-driven element, toothed clutch parts on said gears respectively, a

toothed clutch element shiftable on said shaft between said clutch parts for selective engagement therewith and being splined to-said shaft to rotate therewith, and a fluid drive coupling interposed between said shaft and said carriage driving member: a brake drum rotatable with saidshaft; a cooperable brake band; a lever for shift member, said connections including a cam movable in response to operation of said control member and having an inclined portion and a long dwell, and a cam follower connected to said drive-starting means and being movable by said cam inclined portion for starting the drive, said follower being adapted to contact said cam dwell idly during progressive further operation of said control member with consequent application of progressively increasing braking effort.

29. In a typewriting or the like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for letterspacing and return travel; a platen rotatable on said carriage for line-spacing; line-spacing mechanism on said carriage associated with said platen; a spring barrel mounted on said frame;

a first draw band secured to and wound upon said barrel and being connected to said carriage, movement of the carriage in the return direction winding the spring associated with the barrel and storing energy therein, said stored sprain .7

energy then serving to drive the carriage in the letter-spacing direction; a motive element; a rotatable' winding drum; a second draw band wound on said drum and being operatively connected to said line-spacing mechanism; a fluid coupling interposed between said motive element and said winding drum, said coupling including edto said motive element, a. rotatable runner operatively connected to said drum, and drivetransmitting fluid operatively associated with said impeller and said runner; and means for starting and S pping said motive element, winding up of the second draw band on the drum first v operating said line-spacing mechanism and then a rotatable impeller operatively connected to said motive element, a rotatable runner operatively 'moving the carriage in return direction and imparting energy-storing winding action to said spring barrel, termination ofthe line-spacing opei ation and starting of carriage return travel being cushioned by said fluid coupling, said cushion drive fluid coupling preventingqebound of said the carriage in return direction and imparting 7 energy storing winding action to said spring barrel, termination of the line-spacing operation and starting of carriage return travel being cushioned by said fluid coupling.

30. In a typewriting or the like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for letter spacing and return travel; stop means for limit-- ing. the return travel of said carriage; a platen rotatable on said carriage for line-spacing; linespacing mechanism on said carriage associated with said platen; a spring barrel mounted on said frame; a first draw band secured to and wound upon said barrel and being connected to said carriage, movement of the carriage in the return direction winding the spring associated with the barrel and storing energy therein, said stored energy then serving to drive the carriage in the letter-spacing direction; a'motive element; .a rotatable windingdrum; a second draw band wound on said drum and being operatively connected to said line-spacing mechanism; a fluid coupling interposed between said motive eluding a rotatable impeller operatively connectcarriage upon termination of the carriage return travel by said stop means.

31. In carriage driving mechanism for a typewriting or the like machine including a frame and a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spas ing and return travel, a spring barrel mounted on said frame; a draw band secured to and wound'upon said barrel and being connected to said carriage, movement of said carriage in the return direction winding the spring associated with said barrel and storing energy therein, said stored'energy then serving to drive. said carriage 'in the letter-spacing direction; a motive element; a carriage-return driving member; means providing driving connection between said member and said carriage; means including'an impositive drive transmitting fluid coupling interposed between said motive element and said driving member and being constantly conditioned to transmit drive from said motive element to said driving member for moving the car- I riage in the return direction and imparting en- I "ergy-storing winding action to said spring bar- 'element and said winding drum, said coupling inf rel; and means for starting and stopping said motive element.

JOHN JOSPXEPH