US2279141A - Typewriting machine - Google Patents

Description

J. J.-KITTEL TYPEWRITING MACHINE April 7, 1942.

Filed April 3, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet g Jbl' w gf ffiffel ill] M w x ATTORNEYS Ap' 7, 1942. J.J. KITT EL TYPEWRITING MACHINE 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed' April :5, 1940 1 IIIIIIIIIIIII) (""11 |7 I 1 INVENTOR,

cTohn L7: Klf'l'el 6 ATTORNEYS April 7, 1942. KlTTEL;

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed April 3, 1940 ssheets-sheet 5 INVENTOR n o J 4 ATTORNEYS April 1942- J. J.KITTEL TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed April 3, 1940 I 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR v JohncThiffe/ P- flwm' may A'ATTORN YS J.- J. KITTEL TYPEWRITING MACHINE A ril 7, 1942.

9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed April 3, 1940 ATTORNEYS INVENTOR Jbhn cl Kifl'e/ 'BY Patented Apr. .7, 1942 I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE a TYPEWBITING MACHINE John Joseph Kittel, St.;Albans, N. Y., assignor to Royal Typewriter Company, Inc, New York,

N. Y.,acorporation of New York Application April 3, 1940, Serial No. 327,701 62 Claims. (Cl. 19'766) This invention relates to typewriting machines,

and more particularly to apparatus for transmit-' ting and controlling theapplication of power to parts of the typewriter mechanism for operating and controlling them.

In most conventional typewriters the carriage isurged in the letter-spacing direction by means of a spring barrel connected to the carriage by a draw band or the like. It is well known that the draw or pull exerted on'the carriage by such equipment varies appreciably, being greatest when the barrel spring. has been wound up, i. e.,

' with the carriage at the end of its return travel,

and being least when the carriage has moved to the other limit of its travel. This variation in letter-spacing pull on the. carriage prevents the action of the-carriage from being entirely uniform throughout the whole range of'its letterspacing travel, which is objectionable.

. Accordingly, one of the principal objects of the invention is to provide improved mechanism for moving a typewriter carriage in letter-spacing direction, one feature of this mechanism being that the force it exerts on the carriage is uniform for all positions of the carriage throughout its range of travel on the main frame. A

a complementary object is to provide carriage driving mechanism adapted to exert a smooth, cushioned, uniform force'tending to drive the carriage for letter-spacing. In attaining this obj jective a source of constantly available power,

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved mechanism for transmitting power from a motor or the like to the carriage for moving the latter in the return direction. When associated with a hydraulic or other slip letterspacing drive of the character referred to above,

the carriage-return drive mechanism may be ar ranged to drive the carriage relatively positively,

that is, in p'redominating'opposition to the carsuch as a smallelectric motor, may be connected to'the carriage through a drive coupling capable of slipping when the carriage is held stationary by the usual escapement mechanism or is moved in the return direction. A kinetlctype hydraulic or fluid coupling device has been found to possess superior characteristics adapting it for this purpose. Such a coupling assures the steady application of smooth, cushioned force tending to move the carriage for letter-spacing with a minimum of vibration and shocks. The

movements of the carriage are damped and the noises, heretofore objectionable, are muflied and thus minimized. In a modification, a mechanical slip drive coupling is provided for transmitting letter-spacing power to the carriage.) Such a. coupling, although lacking some of the characteristics of a fluid coupling, such as a full degree of cushioning and sound-muming effect, assures the application of uniform driving force riageletter spacing force exerted through the slip coupling.

Another object is to provide a carriage drive mechanismincluding planetary gearing. Such gearing, particularly adapted for transmittin carriage-return drive, may be used in association with suitable means for transmitting letter.-

spacing drive, such, for example, as and preferably a slip coupling drive of the kind previously referred to. A corelative object is to provide mechanism for controlling the operation of the planetary gearing drive. Another object is to provide a fluid coupling device of the character-referred to above which is arranged to deliver fluid under constant pressureto a branch pipe or conduit adapted to com-' municate with a pressure-actuated device for operating a part of the typewriter other than the carriage.

' Another object to provide an improved power-operated line-spacing mechanism and,

controls therefor, preferably coordinating the line-spacing operation with the carriage return with tabulating mechanism and a tabular bralre cooperable with the band. 1

Other objects will be apparent from a reade in'g of the following description, the appended view of a typewriter embodying the invention to the carriage irrespective 'of its position on the frame; and is particularly adapted-for coopequipment to be referred to below.

' eration with improved carriage-returning drivein one form;

Figure 2 is an inverted sectional view taken' on the line 2-2 of Figure .1 with some-parts being shown in elevation and some others being omitted; f

- Figure 3 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view ofa iiuid coupling and planetary gearing drive transmission assembly drawn on an enlarged scale;

Figure4 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 1 and drawn on an enlarged scale;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary detailed view in elevation as viewed when looking in the direction of the arrow 5 in Figurel, and drawn on an enlarged scale;

Figures 6, '7, and 8 are diagrammatic showings indicating, respectively, the directions of movement of drive transmission parts shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 at different stages-of the operation;

Figure 9 is a schematic view illustrating a modified form of coupling employing air as the working medium, and illustrating a principle of the invention;

Figure 10 is a developed plan illustrating schematically a further embodiment of the invention;

Figure 11 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view of drive mechanism includedin the form of embodiment shown in Figure 10, and drawn on an enlarged scale;

Figure 12-is a vertical sectional view on'the line |2-l2 of Figure 11;

Figure 13 is' a transverse sectional view on the irregular lines l3-l3 in Figure 11, and drawn on an enlarged scale;

Figure 14 is a vertical cross section on the irregular line 8-44 in Figure 13;

Figure 15 is a vertical section on the line l5-I 5 of Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a. vertical cross section showing the relationship between the usual carriage and escapement parts and drive mechanism, shown in Figures 10 and 11, the parts being drawn to a smaller scale than in Figure 11;

Figure 17 is a fragmentary view, mainly in front elevation but with parts shown in section, on the line Il-I'I of Figure 10, showing automatic control mechanism in its state-of-rest position;

Figure 18 is a view similar to Figure 17 but in which some parts are omitted and others are shown in the positions occupied during another stage of their controlling action;

laminated blanks to compensate for back lash;

Figure 32 is a longitudinal sectional view of a further modified form of drive gearing including planetary gearing and a mechanical slip or friction drive device; and

Figure .19 is a view similar to Figure l8,but

.ment of the parts of the mechanism shown in Figures 10, to 21, during different stages of operation;

Figure 28 is a diagrammatic showing of an arrangement in which the carriage is driven by a looped, flexible band and is coordinated by a common control means with tabulating mechanism and a tabulating brake;

Figure 29 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified form of carriage drive including planetary gearing and a mechanical slip'friction drive connection;

Figure 30 is an end elevation oila brake mech- Figure 33 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a still further modified form of drive gearing including planetary gearing and a mechanical slip or friction drive device.

Figures 1 to 9 inclusive, show one illustrative embodiment applied to a typewriterincluding' a frame A and a carriage B mounted for travel in letter-spacing and return directions on the frame through the medium of a carriage rail I supported on ball bearings 2 arranged to run on a frame rail 3. The carriage is equipped with the usual platen 4 and escapement rack 5 which meshes with an escapement pinion, 6 rotatable in unison with an escapement wheel 1 adapted to be controlled by dogs 8 and 9 carried in the usual manner on a dog rocker l0 pivoted on the frame A at II-l I. These parts may .be of any known or suitable construction, the present invention as embodied in the form shown in Figures 1 to 9, inclusive, comprising mechanism for driving the carriage and combinations of such mechanism with the conventional parts thus far referred to.

The carriage is driven by a looped belt or draw band l2 connected to a carriage bracket l3 and arranged to be operated bymechanism generally designated C, preferably mounted on and at one end of the frame A. The mechanism C includes a carriage drive pulley element l4 mounted and driven in a manner to be described later. As shown in Figure 1, the band i2 passes from the pulley l4 around a flanged roller I5 journaled on a frame-mounted bracket l6, and thence extends toward the center of the frame A and partially around a flanged roller l'l journaled ona bracket i8 carried by the frame A. The hand then extends partially around and in contact with a drum l9 journaled at 20 on the bracket l8, and thence around a flanged roller 2| on the bracket l8, and passes in contact with a flanged roller 22 on a frame-mounted bracket 23.

journaled on the bracket 23, and is returned toward the center of the frame for connection to the carriage bracket I 3. From the carriage bracket IS the band extends longitudinally of the frame around a flanged roller 25 iournaled on a lever 26 pivoted as at 26 on the bracket 46. A spring 21 connected to the lever 26 yieldably maintains the band I2 under tension, which may be adjusted by means of a screw 28 havin threaded engagement with the bracket IS. The band extends from the roller 25 in contact with a flanged roller 29 on a bracket 29', and thence back around the pulley l4. It will be apparent that rotation of the pulley I4 in'the direction of the arrow a in Figure 1 will drive the carriage in the letter-spacing direction (toward the left as viewed in Figure 1), as indicated by the arrow b;

whereas rotation of the pulley in the opposite di rection .will drive the carriage in the return direction opposite that indicated by the arrow b, The spring 21 urges the roller mounting lever or device to move the roller 25 away from the roller 24, that is, in the direction of the arrow b in Figure 1. This tends to move the carriage The band 12 then passes around a flanged roller 24 in the same direction and maintains a tooth of ment (not shown).- The arrangement is such that, when the carriage moves in the return direction,the drum l9, gear 30, and pinion 3| will rotate idly, but, when the carriage is moved in letter-spacing direction, the drum l9, gear 30,

and pinion 3| will drive the shaft 32. through the ratchet device 32? so as to effect ribbon feeding.

The mechanism C includes an electric motor 33 arranged to drive the pulley l4 through a. liquid coupling unit'capable of transmitting driving force tending to move the carriage in letter-space direction, the driving force being uniform irrespective of the position of the carriage longitudinally on the frame. The motor shaft 34 is directly connected to the propeller element or section of a kinetic type hydraulic coupling unit generally designated 35. The propeller section comprises a housing 35 secured to the motor shaft 34 by'a set screw 31, and vanes 38 disposed within and rotatable with the housing. The coupling 35 also includes a runner element or section 39 disposed within the' propeller section housing 35 and provided with vanes 40 arranged in fluid-driving relation with the vanes 38 of; the

propeller section. A-shaft 4| extends through motor for moving the carriage'at the desired speeds in either direction under selective operator control.

p 3 constructed as tocoact with the fluid-coupled Assuming, for example, that the normal operating speed of the motor 33 is 7328 R. P. M., the desired speed reduction and reversing of the direction of carriage travel will be obtained by providing the sun gear'50 with thirty-two teeth, the sun gear 55 with thirtythe housing 36 at 42, being freely rotatable with respect to the housing, and is formed on its inner end with a reduced portion 43 journaled for rotation in a bushing 44 inserted in the housing-35. The reduced end 43 of the shaft 4| extends through and is keyed to the runner 39 as at 45. The opposite end of the shaft i journaled for free rotation in-a bushing 45 carried by a standard 41 on the frame A.-

An innersleeve, 48 is mounted on the shaft 4| and is constrained to rotate therewith by a pin 48. One end of the sleeve 48 is formed with a sun gear 50 which is in constant mesh with a planetary pinion 5| journaled on a stub shaft52 carried by the propeller housing 35, and the other end of the sleeve 48 is keyed as at 53 to the pulley H. A bellows-type liquid seal 54' surrounding the shaft 4| is interposed between the housin and the adjacent end of the sleeve 48 to prevent leakage of working fluid under ressure.

An outer sleeve 55 is mounted to turn freely on the sleeve 48, and at one. end is formed with a sun-gear 55 which fits up against the sun gear erably including a part positioned conveniently with respect to the keyboard by means of which the operator may cause the bell crank lever 5| in Figure 1 so as to applythe band 58 tothe brake drum 51.

three teeth, and the pinion 5| with twenty-two teeth. The pitch diameters, the outside diameters, and the root diameters of the sun gears 50 and 55 may all be equal, even though the number of teeth in these gears is different. By providing each of the sun gears and pinion with the specified number ofteeth, the difierence in speed between the motor and sun gears will be in the ratio approximately 33.3 to 1.0 when the carriage is driven in a letter-spacing direction, and will be in the ratio 32.2'to 1.0 when the carriage is being driven in the return direction. The arrangement described, therefore, makes it possible to use a small, high-speed motor which consumes little current and which is eflicient and quiet in operation. For maximum smoothness" and quietness in operation, the propeller housing 35 should be statically and dynamically'balanced, and to this end it is provided with weights 55 disposed to counterbalance the), weight of the planetary pinion 5| and its mounting.

To describe the operationpf the mechanism shown in Figures 1 to 5, inclusive, and with reference to the diagrammatic illustrations in Figures 6, 7, and 8, it will be assumed that the motor33 has been started, that the escapement mechanism is holding the carriage against, movement in the letter-spacing direction, and that the brake band 58 is in released position to permit free rotation of the brake drum 51. The holding of the carriage stationary prevents movement of the band l2. and consequently prevents rotation of the pulley I4, the sleeve 48, the shaft ll, and

the sun gear 50. Slippage of the fluid between the vanes ,38 and will permit continued rotation of the propeller housing 36 while the run,- ner 39 is held stationary. Rotation of the propeller housing 35 will carry the planetary pinv ion 5| around in anorbital path, and engagement of the-pinion with the stationarysun gear 5|l'will cause the pinion to rotate about its own axis and drive thesun gear 55, the sleeve 55, and the brake drum 51 idly. .The directions of rotation of the parts during this stage of the operation are indicated by the arrows in Figure 6.

The arrows in Figure 7 indicate the direction of movement of the various parts during release of the escapement mechanism to permit letterspacing movement of the carriage. When the carriage has been released, as by operation of a key lever or space bar (not shown) for letterspacing, rotation of the propeller. 35 drives the runner 33 through the fluid coupling between the to be swun in a clockwisedirection as viewed.

The planetary reversing gearing comprised by the'sun gears 50 and and the pinion 5| is so pr peller and runner, and rotates the shaft 6|,

this driving of the carriage, the sun gear 55, sleeve 55; and brake drum 51 will be drivenidly by the pinion 5|.

The arrows in Figure 8 indicate the directions of movement of the parts when the brake band 58 isapplied by operation of the lever 5| to'effect return movement of the carriage through mechanically coupled drive connections. when the brake band is applied, the brake drum 51 and the sun gear 56 will be held against rotation.

During rotation of the propeller housing 36 by the motor coupled directly to the housing, the pinion 5i rolls around the stationary sun gear 56 and is rotated about its own axis. The relative numbers of teeth in the sun gears 50 and 56 and the planetary pinion 5| are such that the sun gear 50 then will be rotated by the pinion 5| in a manner .to drive the pulley I4 reversely independently of the runner 39 so as to drive the actuating fluid-responsive devices (not shown) which may be provided for operating parts of the typewriter mechanism other than the carriagemoving parts. In the form shown in Figures 1 and 2, the propeller housing 36 is formed with a I passage 61 leading from the zone of the blades 36 inwardly to a space 68 between the end of the motor shaft 34 and the adjacent end of the shaft 4!. An axial passage 69 in the shaft 4I opens into a space "I at the opposite end of the shaft which communicates with a pipe II controlled by a valve I2. Beyond the valve the pipe is provided with a plurality of branches I3 adapted to be connected to fluid-responsive devices for operating parts of the typewriter mechanism such, for example, as the case-shifting. back-spacing, tabulating, and type bar action mechanisms (not shown). stood that. regardless of the operation of the planetary gearing and pulley [4 for driving the carriage, the fluid in the coupling device 36 always will be under pressure communicable through the pipe II and branches 13 for operating such other mechanisms.

Figure 9 shows diagrammatically, and as illustrating a principle of operation of mechanism embodying the invention,, a modified fluid coupling device I4 including a fixed housing 15, a propeller I6 driven by a motor I1, and a runner I8 adapted to be driven by an air current caused by rotation of the propeller I6, the air current being drawn in through the opening 19 at one end of the housing I and forced out through the opening 80 at the other end thereof.

' The embodiment of the invention shown in Figures to 27, inclusive, includes a fluid drive coupling of the kinetic type interposed between the power source and carriage, and arranged to cooperate with reversing planetary gearing so controlled as to provide for cushioned carriage drive and power line spacing all under the control of a manually operable device such as a key lever located conveniently with respect to the typewriter keyboard. A typewriter embodying this form of the invention is shown as including a main frame A and a carriage B mounted for letter-spacing and return movements on the frame in the usual manner. The carriage is provided with an escapement rack 8| in mesh with an escapement pinion 82 journaled on the frame A and fast with an escapement wheel 83 cooperable withescapement dogs 84 and 85 carried by a rocker 86. These parts may be of known or any suitable construction.

The carriage is arranged to be power-driven in both directions by means of a drive rack 8'! mounted on the carriage and in mesh with a carriage feed gear 88 forming part of mechanism generally designated C. This mechanism includes an electric motor 89 mounted on the frame A and having a shaft 90which mounts a V- pulley 9I secured to the shaft by a set screw 92.

A propeller shaft 93 has a flattened end portion disposed within the pulley 9| in interflttingrelation with a similar end portion on the motor shaft 90 whereby the shafts 90 and 93 are constrained to rotate in unison. The shaft 93 is joumaled in an antifriction bearing 94 carried by a frame-mounted bracket 95 and is formed integrally with the propeller element 96 of a kinetic type fluid coupling generally designated 91 which also includes a runner housing element 98. A spring-pressed, bellows type gland 99 interposed between the bracket 95 and the runner housing 98 prevents leakage of working fluid from within the housing and around the shaft 93. The

shaft 93 is provided with a reduced end portion 93 which is joumaled in a bushing I00 fitted axially in the housing 98. A shaft I 0| secured to It will be underthe housing 98 by a set screw I02 is journaled in a frame-mounted bracket I03 and is fitted with a V-pulley I04. The propeller 96 is provided with vanes I05 similar to the vanes 38 described with reference to Figure 3, and the runner 98 is provided with vanes I06 which differ from the vanes previously described in that they are cut away as at I06 in order to reduce resistance to slip between the working fluid and the impeller and runner. The vanes of the impeller or runner, or of bothymay be cut away more or less to reduce or increase the resistance to slip; and thus to provide for the transmission of just the right torque for driving a carriage of a particular size or weight.

The motor pulley! and the runner pulley I04 are connected to planetary gearing controllable to produce cushioned carriage drive. A shaft I01 supported at I 08 and I 09 on a frame-mounted bracket IIO-journals a carrier gear iII and a lock gear II2, the hubs of these gears abutting each other and being confined between a spacer II3 abutting the bracket H0 and a collar II4 on one end of the shaft I01. The hub II5 of the lock gear is formed as a sleeve to which is secured a sun gear I I6 in mesh with three planetary pinions II I joumaled on the carrier gear II I. A sun gear I I8, fast with the carriage drive gear 88, is journaled for free rotation on the hub H5 01 the lock gear H2 and meshes with three planetary pinions II9 also joumaled on the carrier gear III and fixed respectively to the three planetary pinions I I I. pinions II I-I I9 carried by the gear III are equidistantly spaced from each other as shown in Figurleisil3 and 20 so as to balance the carrier gear The carrier gear III meshes with a pinion' I20.

which is fast with a pulley I 2! journaled antifrictionally on a hollow spindle I22 fixed to the bracket H0 and to another frame-mounted bracket I23, as shown in Figure 14. In'operation, the pulley I2I is constantly and positively driven by the motor 89 through the medium of a belt I2I guided by a pulley I2I A shaft I24 is joumaled at its left hand end (as viewed in Figure 14) in the bracket I23, and at its opposite end projects into and is journaled by the hollow spindle I22. A sleeve I25 Joumaled on the shaft H24 is fast with a pinion I26 meshing with a gear I21 in turn meshing with a gear I28 which The three sets of planetary meshes with the carriage drive gear 88 (see Figures 13 and 14) At the end of the sleeve opposite the pinion I26 is a ratchet wheel I29 fast with the sleeve and adapted to cooperate with a pawl I30 pivoted on a pawl carrier I3I held fast to the shaft I24 by a set screw I32. The shaft I24 is adapted to be connected at I33 to a ribbon feed mechanism of a known or suitable kind.

A brake drum I34 journaled for free rotation on the sleeve I25 is fixed to a pinion I35 which meshes with the lock gear II2. A control band I36 partially surrounds the drum I35 and is connected by means of springs I31 to a rock arm I38 secured to a shaft I39 mounted on the frame bracket I23. Rocking of the shaft'l39 will apply the band I36 to the brakedrum I 34 to control the movement of the carriage drive gear 88 in a manner later to be-described. 'For operating the rock shaft I39, connections between the shaft and a manually operable device located conveniently.

with respect to the keyboard are provided. In

the form shown these connections include an arm I40 secured to the shaft I39 and connected by'a link I4I to one arm of a lever I42 secured to a shaft I43 pivoted as at I44 on the frame A. The other arm of the lever I42 is connected by a link I45 to a control key lever I46 pivoted as at I41 to the frame A (see Figures 10, 11, 13, and 16) The cushioned drive from the fluid coupling runner 98 is transmitted by a belt I48 engaging the runner pulley I04 and being guided by pulleys I49 to a pulley I50 secured to a shaft I5I which is journaled on the frame-mounted bracket I23 and is provided with a gear pinion I52 meshing with the carriage feed gear 88.

Figure 10 shows, by way of example, one suitable form of control for the motor 89. duotors I53 and I54 lead from a source of electric power, and interposed in the conductor I53 are a fuse I55 and speed control rheostat I56. Interposed in the conductor I54 is a starting and stopping switch I51 including contact elements I58 and I59 shunted by a condenser I60 adapted to reduce sparking and eddy currents, and to demagnetize the contacts I58 and I59.

In the operation of the mechanism thus far described, the switch I51 is closed so as to start the motor 89. The rheos'tat I56 should be set to provide the desired motor speed, but after once being set will not often require further adjustment, the motor operation being controlled mainly by the starting and stopping switch I51. When the motor is running and before typing has been started, the escapement will hold the carriage,

. likewise will be held stationary, as is permitted by the slippage offluid between the vanes I05 and I06 of the coupling 91. The carrier gear III will be driven positively by the motor 89, belt I2I pulley I2I, and pinion I20, thus carrying the planetary pinions H1 and H9 in an orbital path around their respectively associated sun gears I I6 and H8. The planetary pinions also will rotate about their own axes in the directions indicated by the arrows, which will cause the sun gear H6 and the lock gear II2 fast therewith to rotate Two confreely, this being permitted because the band I36 is not applied to the brake drum I34 which is geared to the lock gear II2 through the pinion I35. Thus the motor 89 may run continuously while the escapement mechanism holds the carriage against movement.

When the operator operates the escapement mechanism to release the carriage for travel in the letter-spacing direction, as by depressing a key lever or the space bar, the parts of the drive mechanism C will move in the directions indicated by the arrows applied to the several parts in Figure 23, it being noted that at this stage of the operation also the brake drum I34 is free to rotate without restraint by the band I36. The fluid coupling runner 98 will transmit drive through the belt I48, shaft I5I, and gear I52 to the carriage feed gear 88 so as toapply a cushioned driving force to the carriage rack 81 for moving the carriage in the letter-spacing direction- The carrier gear III still will be driven positively by the motor so as to carry the planetary pinions I I1 and I I9 around the associated sun gears I I6 and I I8, and this will rotate the sun gear I I6 and the lock gear I I2 fast therewith in the direction indicated by the arrows.

To effect a return movement of the carriage, the key lever I46 is depressed partially, only to an extent required'to apply the band I36 to the brake drum I34, which, through the pinion I35, holds the lock gear I I2 and the sun gear I I6 stationary. The movement of the parts then will be as indicated by the arrows in Figure 24. The carrier gear I I I will continue to be positively driven, and will carry the planetary pinions I I1 and I IS in an orbital path around their sun gears H6 and H8, and, since the sun gear I I6 will be held stationary, the sun gear I I8 and the feed gear 88 now will be rotated reversely'to drive the rack 81 and carriage in the return direction. During the return movement of the'carriage, the reverse rotation of the feed gear 88 will drive the gear I52, the shaft I5I,

platen and applies a brake for retarding the carriage return movement. As shown in Figure 10, the carriage is provided with a platen I6I rotatable for line-spacing by means of a ratchet I62 and a line space actuator pawl I63 operated by-a link I64, these parts being of known or any suitable construction. The link I64, instead of being connected to the usual manually operable linespacing handle, is connected to a line-spacing lever I65 pivoted on the carriage as at I66 and I provided with a sector I61 concentric with the pivot I66. A spring I68 interposed between the lever I65 and a fixed part on the carriage urges the lever and sector I61 to their normal or stateof-rest positions indicated by the line I in .Figure 10.

I A band I69 secured at I10 to the sector I61 passes around guide rollers HI and I12 journaled on the carriage and thence longitudinally in the back of the carriage, around a roller I13, and into a fixed anchorage I14 on' the'carriage. Mechanism for tensioning the band I69 to swing the sector I61 and lever I65 includes a threearmed lever I15 pivoted at I16 on the usual tabular finger cover I11. Two arms I18 and I19 of the three-armed lever are provided with bandoperating roller elements I80 and I 8I, respectively, and the third arm I82 of the lever is connected to an operating link I83. Pivoted coaxially with the'lever I15 is a two-armed lever I84, one arm I85 of which pivotally mounts a bandoperating roller element I86, the other arm I81 of the lever I84 being connected to an operating link I88. An intermediate portion of the band I69, in passing longitudinally in back of the carriage, extends in front of the roller I80 on the three-armed lever I15, in back of the roller I8I on the three-armed lever, and in back of the roller I86 on the two-armed lever I84. As will be described later, the levers I15 and I84 are operated sequentially in timed relation to tension the band I69, to effect power line-spacing of the platen I6I, and to retard the carriage during its return travel.

The link I88 is connected to an arm I89 fast on a shaft I90 supported by bearings I9I on the bracket IIO (see Figure 16). An extension control arm I92 fixed to the shaft I90 is connected by a link I93 to an arm I94 secured to the shaft I39. Depression of the key I46 which rocks the shaft I39 will rock the arm I94 so as to pull the link I93 and rock the arm I92, the shaft I90, and the arm I89, thus pulling the link I86 and rocking the two-armed lever I84 in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Figure 10.

The link I83 extending from the three-armed lever I15 is connected to an arm I95 fast with a sleeve I96 which is free to reckon a shaft I91 pivoted on the bracket IIO (see Figure 16) Fast with the bushing I96 is an arm I98 provided at its upper end with a pin I99 on which is pivoted a hook pawl coupling 200, the nose 20I of which is adapted to engage an anti-friction roller 202 on an intermediate arm 203 fixed to the shaft I90. A restoring-spring 204 connected between the pawl and the arm I98 urges the pawl normally to maintain' it in engagement with the roller 202.- A link 205 is connected atone end to the pawl and at its other end is engaged in a slot 206 in a bracket 201 supported by the tabulator mechanism housing I11. v

In operation, when the key I46 is depressed throughout about one-quarter of its stroke, the

shaft I39, arm I94,'.an d'link I93 will be moved as previously explained, and the three-armed member comprising the arms I89, I92, and 203 will be rocked in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Figure 17, pulling the pawl 200 and arm I98 to the left. Rocking of thetwo-armed member comprised by the arm I98, the sleeve I96, and the arm I95 will pull the link I83 toward the left as viewed in Figure so as to rock the three-armed lever I in a counterclockwise direction. Thus the initial depression of the key I46 will rock the two-armed lever I84 and the three-armed lever I15 so as to move the band I 69 from the 1 position to the II' position shown in Figure 10, thus pulling on the band and rockmg the line-space lever I65 from position I to position II. suchmovement constituting only the the nose I from the roller 208, thereby condi-' tioning the three-armed member I89-I92-202 carried out thus far mbves the parts to the positions shown in Figure 18 and sets up or conditions the mechanism for subsequent power-operated line-spacing of the platen.

Referring now to the mechanism for supplying power to eifect line-spacing of the platen in sequence to the manual conditioning of the line- 'spacing mechanism, an arm 208 fast on theshaft I91 is provided with a pin 209 which extendr behind the arm I98. An arm 2I0 also fast on the shaft I91 is provided with a roller 2II which normally rests upon and is held up by a seat 2I2 on a retaining member or dog 2I3 pivoted on the bracket H0 and biased by a spring 2I4 into position for engaging and supporting the roller 2I I. A line-spacing power spring 2I5 is inter- -posed between the bracket H0 and a line-space drive member or operating arm 2I6 fast .with the shaft I91, and constantly urges the arms 2I6, 2I0, and 208 to rock in a counterclockwise direction, but normally the arms are held against such rotation'by means of the dog 2I3. For releasing the dog, an interponent 2I1 is pivotally mounted on the extension arm I92 and is urged by a spring 2I8 to'the position shown in Figure 1'1 in which a pin 2I9 at the lower end of the interponent engages a heel. 220 on the 2I1 will be moved downwardly and will swing the dog 2I3 to the position shown in Figure '18, releasing the roller 2I I and permitting the spring 2I5 to rock the three-armed member comprised by the arms 208, 2I0, and 2I6 to the position shown in Figure 19. The'pin 2I9 will then slide 011 the dog heel 220, moving to the position shown in full lines in Figure 19. Rocking of the arm 208 to the Figure 19 position will cause the pin 209 to drive the arms I98 and I95 counterclockwise to the position shown in Figure 19, pulling the link I83 further and rocking the threearmed lever I15 to move the band I69 to position 111' .and move the line-spacing lever I65 to position III, thereby effecting power-operated linespacing.

It is desirable that the arms I98 and I95 be held in the positions shown in Figure 19 during carriage return movement. To this end a holding device comprising an extension 22I on the for further rocking movement. The operation as margin stop locator 222 pivoted at 223 on the center stop 224 is formed with a seat or depression 225 which is adapted to receive the pin I99 carried by the arm I98 when the arm has been moved to the Figure 19 position. When the pin I99 is engaged in the seat, the arm I98 and parts movable therewith will be held in the positions shown in.Figure 19 until the extension 22I is raised.

When the arm 2I6 moves downwardly, a restoring roller226 thereon enters a dwell in thethree-lobed cam 221 fixed to and rotatable with the,carrier gear III. When a lobe 228 on the rotating cam 221 engages the restoring roller 226, the arm 2I6 will be returned to its Figure 17 position, and the spring 2I4 will move the dog 2I3 clockwise so as again to position the seat 2I2.

under the roller 2 on the arm 2I0. The dog 2I3 is free to return to this position even during continued depression of the key I46 because the interponent pin 2 I 9, in sliding off the dog heel 220, became operatively disconnected from the dog, and is disposed under the inclined surface 220 -sbelow the dog heel 220, as showniin dotted. lines in Figure 19. By holding the key I46 down,

the brake band I36 is applied to the brake drum I34 to efiect power-operated carriage return in g the manner already described.

For restoring the power-operated line-spacing the. extension 22I upwardly so, as to release the pin I99 from the seat 225, permitting the arm I96 to be returned to its initial position by a spring 236 interposed between the arm and the tabulator mechanism cover I". This return ,movement of the arm I96 also returns the arm I 95flink I63, and three-armed lever I15 to their initial positions. The two-armed lever I64 and the connections between it and the key I46 will be returned to their initial positions when the key I46 is retracted or raised. During retraction of the key and consequent rocking of the arm I92 and lifting of the interponent 2", the pin 2I9 will be cammed outwardly by the inclined surface 226 on the dog 2I3 to permit the pin to' ride over the edge of the dog and then to be moved by the spring 2I6 over-the dog heel 220.

To ,recapitulate the manner of operation of the embodiment shown in Figures to 27, inclusive, assuming the motor 89 to be running 10, placing the band under tension to produce a drag retarding the carriage and acting as a brake to overcome the inertia of the moving carriage, thus reducing its speed and avoiding Y shock at the end of its return travel. I

To increasethe effectiveness, 1. e., retarding action, of the brake band I69, friction washers may be arranged to bear on one or more of the band-contacting elements or rollers I80, I6I, and I88.

- on the roller I69 in Figure 17.

When the carriage reaches the end of itsre turn travel and is arrested by engagement of the margin stop 229 with the stop locator 222 and engagement of the latter with the. center stop 224, the key I 46 is released, thus-releasing the brake band I36 from the drum I34 and permitting the gears to rotate in the directions indi-' to slip in the band I36.

and the carriage to be positioned at the end of its return travel in readiness for the writing of a line, the carriage will be held at rest by the escapement mechanism, and the carriage-driving connections between the motor and carriagedncluding the planetary gearing and the fluid coupling 91, will be moving in the directions indicated by the arrows in Figure 22, as previously explained. Each time a key ever. or space bar is depressed for typing and letter-spacing, the escapement will be released, permitting the driving parts to move in the directions indicated by the arrows in Figure 23. when the typing of a line has been completed, the key I46 is depressed approximately one-quarter of its full stroke, tht'" applying the brake band I36 to the brake drum I34 and rocking the two-armed lever I84 and three-armed lever I15 to position the band I66 in the II position shown in Figure 10, and thus moving the line-spacing lever I 65 idly to posi-' tion 11 in Figure 10. The driving connections between the motor and the carriage will then move in the directions indicated by the arrows in Figure 24. Further depression of the key I46 will move the arm I92 and interponent 2 I1 downwardly to disengage the dog 2I3 from the roller 2. This permits the spring 2I6 to move the arm 2I6 downwardly, thereby rocking the shaft I91, arm 266, and arms I36 and I95 so as to move-the link I63 to the left androck the threearmed lever I16 coincidentally with key-effected rocking of the two-armed lever I64. The band 7 I69 thereby will be movecl to position 111' and the line-space lever I66 will be moved to position 111,, thus line-spacing the platen by the powerprovided by the-sprlng2l6. 'Asfsoon as a lobe 226 in the cam engages the roller 226 on -'the arm 2I6, the arm 2I6, shaft I61, and arm 2! will be returned to their startingv positions, and the dogI2I3 will move under the roller 2, again to hold the arm 2", arm 2I6, and arm 266 in their starting positions.

' Further.depression oi the key will rock the two-armed lever 'I64 addition'allyso as to move the band I66 to'the position IV shown in Figure cated by the arrows in Figure 22. Should the operator not release the key I46 bythe time the carriage has been stopped, the springs IilI will yield sumciently to permit the drum I34 If desired, the carriage may be moved manually in either direction while the motor 69 continues to run. To-move the carriage manually in the letter-spacing directiomthe escapementand the carriage is moved manually, or by the back spacer, in the return direction.

The foregoing description has had reference to two general kinds of carriage drive, Figures l to 9 and the accompanying description disclos ing a carriage driven by a flexible band in turn driven' by a pulley, and Figures 10 to 27,- inclusive, with .the accompanying description, disclosing a carriage driven by a rack cooperating with the drive gear. Both types of drive are capable of being modified in various ways. In

accordance with one such embodiment, means may be provided for applying a brake to the carriage during tabulating operations'so as to prevent excessive carriage spe'ed,particularly on long carriage runs.

One example of mechanism for applying a brake to the carriage during tabulating movementis shown diagrammaticallyin Figure 28. as being adapted for use in connection withtype writers in which the carriage is driven by an endless band engaging a drive pulley, the arrangement being broadly similar to that 'described with reference to Figures 1 to 9. As shown in Figure 28,-the carriage B is provided with the escapement rack 6 enga'g1n8 the es- 1 capement pinion 6.fast with the escapement 'la'ting finger 234 is engageablo in the usual manner with the tabular stops one of'which, 236, is

wheel I controlled by dogs -6 and 9. The escape-- ment'rack 6 is carried by pivoted arms one, 23 I, oi which is shown. Forperforming .tabulating movements, the rack is lifted from'thepinion 6 by means of a lifting arm 262 pivoted asv at 263 on the carriage, the lifting movement of the,"v arm 232 being effected by movement of the lower end of a tabulating finger 234 pivoted onthe carriage as at 236. The upper. end-of the tabushown carried on a tabular stcp bar 231 tlxedto of the tabulating finger. 234, a spring 242 inter posed between the end of the link 24! and the finger 234 providing for continued depression of the key 238 after the finger 234 has moved to tabulating position. The carriage is adapted to be driven by means of a band 243 passing around a drive pulley 244 and an idler pulley 245, one stretch of the band being guided by rollers 246 and-241. The roller 241 is carried on a swinging arm 248 pivoted on the frame as at 249 and connected to the upper end of the key arm 240 by means of a spring 259.

In operation, when the key 238 is depressed, the rack is lifted clear of the escapement pinion 5 and the carriage is driven in the direction of the full-line arrow in Figure 28 by rotation of the pulley 244 driven and controlled similarly to the pulley I4 embodied in the form shown in Figures .1 to 9. While the carriage is being driven during the tabulating movement, it may be retarded to prevent excessive speed by further depression of the key 239, permitted by yielding of the spring 242, which will rock the arm 248 and the roller 241 carried thereby so as to place the band 243 under increased tension, and thereby to exert a drag which retards the carriage.

Figures 29, 3 0, and 31show a modified form of planetary gear'drive particularly suited for This embodiment has in common with the embodlment shown in Figures 1 to 9 that the carriage is use in connection with high speed motors.

driven by a band operated by a pulley driven through planetary gearing, but differs from the form shown in-F'igures 1 to 9 in that a mechanical friction drive is used instead of a fluid coupling for transmitting letter-space movement drive to the carriage. As shown in Figure 29, a high speed motor shaft 25! extends through and is secured to a carrier 252, the projecting end of the shaft extending into an inner sleeve 253 which is surrounded by and journals an outer sleeve 254 supported for rotation'in a bushing 255 carried by a frame-mounted bracket 256. Fast to one end of the sleeve 253- is a sun gear 251 having forty-seven teeth, and a brake drum 258 is fixed to the other end of the sleeve. to one end of the outer sleeve 254 is a sun gear 259 having forty-nine teeth, and fast with the other end of the sleeve 254 is a brake drum 269. A third sun gear 26! having forty-eight teeth is loose on the sleeve 254. The sun gears 251, 259, and 26! .all mesh with pinions 262 fixed to rotate- The teeth of the sun gear 26! and the teeth of the cooperating pinion 262 may be formed to mesh with no more than a permissible back lash. To compensate for somewhat greater back lash between the teeth of the sun gears 251 and 259 and the tee h of their associated pinions with manufacturing economy, each pinion 262 is stamped from blanks of standard pitch and epi- Fast cycloidal tooth profile. The pinion 262 cooperating with the sun gear 251 may be formed of two of such blanks, 262 and 262 laid together and secured in angularly displaced relation by rivets 262, as shown in Figure 31, to take up or compensate for the undesirable back lash which otherwise would be present. The pinion 262 ccoperating with the sun gear 259 may be constructed similarly to reduce back lash.

A pulley 264 free on the outer sleeve 254' is held up against a friction disc 265 interposed between the pulley and the sun gear 26! by means of a spring 266. A band 261 trained around the pulley 264 is adapted to be connected to and to drive the carriage in a manner similar to the band !2 in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 9. The arrangement is such that, when the sun gear 26! is rotated in one direction and the carriage is held by the escapement mechanism, the friction drive between the sun gear and pulley 264 will slip, permitting the carriage to be held by the escapement mechanism. When the escapement mechanism is released and the sun gear continues to rotate in the same direction, drive will be transmitted frictionally to the pulley 264 for effecting letter-space movement ofthe carriage. When the sun gear 26! is rotated in the opposite direction, drive will be tran'smittedfrictionally through the disc 265 to the pulley to return the carriage.

For controlling the rotation of the sun gear 26! and pulley 264, a brake band 268 surrounds the brake drum 258 and has its ends connected to pins 269 and 219, respectively, on levers 21! and 212 pivoted as at 213 on the bracket 25B, and urged together by a spring 214. The spring 214 normally holds the band 268 applied to the drum 258. For releasing the band 268, a doubleacting earn 215 carried by a rock shaft 216 is interposed between the levers 21! and 212. An

- arm 211 secured to the shaft 216 is connected rotate clockwise about their own axes.

by a link 218 to an arm 219 fast on a shaft 290 pivoted on the bracket 256. A pull link 28! connected to the arm 219 is adapted to be connected to a suitable carriage return key, not shown. A brake band 282 surrounding the brake drum 260 normally'is not applied to the drum, but is connected through springs 283 to an arm 284jfast with the shaft 289, so that, upon rocking of the shaft, the band 282 will be applied frictionally to the drum 260.

In operation of the form shown in Figures 29, 30, and 31, and assuming the motor shaft 25! and carrier 252 to be rotating in a clockwise direction as viewed when looking in the direction of the arrow in Figure 29, and the carriage to be held against letter-spacing movement by the usual escapement mechanism, the band 268 will be applied to the drum 258, but the band 282 will be free of the drum 269. The sun gear 251 will be held stationary "by the brake band 269 acting upon the 'drum 258. The planetary pinions 252 will move clockwise in an orbital'path and will The sun gear 259, the sleeve 254, the brake drum 269, and the sun gear 26! all will turn clockwise.

Turning of the sun' gear 26! while the pulley 264 is maintained stationary by the escapement mechanism is permitted by slippage of the gear 26! on the friction disc 264.

When .the operator depresses a key lever or the space bar. and thus releases the escapement, the parts continue to rotate in the same manner. as just described, but the pulley 264 also will be driven clockwise by the sun gear 26! and fric- 292 on the shaft I81 and the lock gear I I2.

anti-friction bearing 293 is interposed between I 2,279,141 tion disc' 285 so as to drive the band 281 and move the carriage in the letter-spacing direction In order to return the carriage, the link 28I is pulled by means of a suitable control such as a key (not shown), thereby releasing the brake band 268 so as to free the sun gear 251 and, simultaneously, to apply the brake band 282 to the drum 288 so as to hold the sun gear 259 against rotation. The" pinions 282 will continue to be moved clockwise in an orbital path, and will rotat clockwise about their own axis, because of the engagement of the middle pinion 282 with the locked sun gear 259. The pinion 262 engaging the sun gear 28I will drive the latter reversely, that is, in a counterclockwise direction, to drive the pulley 284 reversely through the friction disc 285'so as to drive the band 281 and move the carriage in the return direction.

Figure 32 shows a simple form of mechanical friction drive planetary gear apparatus which-is adapted for use in connection with the mechanism shown in Figures 10, 11, and 16, wherein the carriage is driven by a rack engaging a drive gear. The mechanism shown in Figure 32 is carried by a shaft I81 mounted on brackets H8 and I23, as in Figures 11 and 16. The bracket II8 comprises a flange II fixed to the frame A and a flange IIII spaced from the frame A and connected to the flang I I8 by a web H8, the

flange II8 therefore being capable of a slight displacement axially of the shaft I81, due to the resiliency of the bracket. 'The end of the shaft I81 carried by the bracket I23 is so mounted on the bracket as to be capable of axial sliding movement. The carrier gear II I is rotatable on the shaft and is equipped with the cam 221 In operation, and having reference to the mechanism shown in Figure 32 when viewed in the direction of the arrow 31, the carrier gear III will be driven continuously in a clockwise direction. When the carriage is held at rest by the escapement mechanism, the lock gear I I2 and the sun gear 281 will be free. Hence the carrier in the same manner as shown in Figures 10, 11, N

rotation with a sun gear 281 having twenty-seven teeth. The connection between the lock gear H2 and sun gear 281 comprises a slot 288 in the sun gear extending parallel to the axis of the shaft I81 and receiving a pin 289 fixed to the hub of the lock gear II2, the arrangement being such that the lock gear and the sun gear are constrained to rotate together but can have relative axial sliding movement. A drive gear 88 fast with a sun gear 298 having twenty-six teeth is I in mesh with a'carriage rack 81. An anti-friction bearing 29I is interposed between a collar the cam 221 on the carrier gear Ill and the flange II8 of the bracket H8. For adjustably urging the bracket flange II8 toward the left as viewed in Figure 32 to increase the frictional contact between the carrier gear II I and the sun gear 281, and between the sun gear 281 and the sun gear 298, a spring 294 is interposed between one side of the bracketfiange I I8 the bracket flange IIII and a. knurled nut 295 Figure 32, this gear being driven by mechanical friction. The lock gear H2 is adapted to mesh with a brake pinion, not shown, but similar to the pinion I35 shown in Figures 10, 11, and 16.

val

gear II I will rotate idly, as permitted by the slip between thecarrier gear and the sun gear 281 and the slip between the sun gear 281 and the sun gear 298. When the escapement released as by the depression of a key lever or the space bar, the lock gear II2 will still be free to turn, and the gear 88 will be driven clockwise through the frictional contact between the carrier gear I II and the sun gear 281, and the frictional contact between thesun gear 281 and the sun gear 290.

a clockwise in an orbital path and cause it to rotate clockwise about its own axis, thereby rotating the sun gear 298 and carriage drive gear 88 counterclockwise so as to drive the rack 81 and move the carriage in the return direction.

Figure 33 shows another modification in which the carriage is driven in letter-spacing direction through a mechanical friction connection. In this embodiment a shaft 291 is carried by the bracket I23 and bracket flange II8 capable of some movement axially with respect to the shaft. 'Agear 298 in mesh with a pinion 299 driven by a flexible shaft 388 is rotatable about the shaft 291 and is equipped with a re-setting cam 221 similar to the cam shown in Figures 10, 11, and 16. The gear 298 is fast with a sun gear I8 which is journaled on the shaft 291. A hub 382 journaled on the shaft 291 mounts a lock gear 383 in mesh'with the brake pinion I35. A carrier 384 is mounted on the hub 382 for limited axial movement but is constrained to rotate with the. hub and the gear 383 by means of a pin 384 'fixed to the hub and engaged in .a slot 384' formed in the carrier. The lock gear 383, the hub 382, and the carrier 384 together constitute a lock gear and carrier assembly. The carrier 384 is provided with a stud 385 journaling a planetary pinion 386. A carriage drive gear 381 journaled on the hub 382 is in mesh with the carriage rack 81 and is equipped with 'an annular internally toothed gear 383 meshing with the planetary pinion 386.

An anti-friction bearing 389 is interposed between a collar 3I8 on the shaft 291 and the lock gear hub 382. An anti-friction bearing 3 is interposed between the gears 298 and 38I and is positioned between the other side of the bracket flange 8 and a knurled nut 3I3 engaging a threaded portion 3I4 of the shaft 291, the arrangement being. such that turning of the nut -3I3 will vary the frictional,contactbetween the face of the sun gear 38I and the contiguous face of the carrier 384 and willvary the friction between the opposite face of the carrier and the ear381. W F

In operation, and viewing the gearing shown in Figure 33 in the direction of the arrow 2, the

shaft 388 is driven constantly to drive the gear 298 and sun gear 38I clockwise. -When the rack Aspring 3I2.

81 is held against movement by the escapement mechanism (not shown), and the lock gear and carrier assembly is free to turn, slippage can occur between the constantly driven sun gear 3M and the lock gear and carrier assembly, and slippage also can occur between the assembly and the drive gear 301. Consequently, the gear 298 and sun gear I can'continue to revolve while the carriage is held stationary. When the escapement is released by the depression of the key lever or the space bar, the friction between the sun gear 30! and the lock gear and carrier assembly drives the latter clockwise, and the friction between the assembly and the gear 301 will drive the gear 301 clockwise so as to move the rack 81 and carriage in the letter-spacing direction.

In order to effect a carriage return movement,

the lock gear and carrier assembly is held stationary, as by application of a brake to a drum fast with the pinion I 35. The gear 298 and sun gear "I will continue to rotate clockwise, and, since the carrier 304 is held stationary, the planetary pinion 306 will rotate counterclockwise, thereby driving the annular gear 308 and gear 301 counterclockwise, and moving the rack 81 and carriage in the retum-direction.

The structures disclosed herein embody the invention in'practical and the now preferred forms, but it will be understood that various changes may be made without departing from the invention as defined in the claims.

I claim:

1. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a fluid coupling including an impeller connected to the motor and a runner fluid-driven by the impeller; a carriage driving element; driving connections interposed between the driving element and both the motor and the runner and including planetary gearing interposed between the driving element and the motor; and means for controlling the connections including the gearing to transmit drive to said driving element selectively from said'runner, or from said motor independently of said runner.

2. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a fluid coupling-including an impeller connected to the motor and a runner'fluid-driven by the impeller; a carriage driving element; driving connections interposed between the driving element and both the motor and the runner and including planetary gearing interposed between the driving element and the motor; and means for controlling the connections including the gearing to transmit drive to said driving element selectively from said runner to move the carriage in letter-spacing direction or from said motor independently of said runner to move the carriage in the return direction.

, 3. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a fluid coupling including an impeller connected to the motor and a runner fluid-driven by the impeller; a carriage driving element; a first sun gear in driving con nection with the carriage driving element and with the runner; a second sun gear; planetary pinion means meshing with both sun gears and 1 being rotatable orbitally around the sun gears by said motor; and normally released control means operable at will for preventing rotation of said second sun gear.

4. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a fluid coupling including an impeller connected to the motor and a runner'fluid-driven by the impeller; a carriage driving element; a first sun gear in driving connection with. the carriage driving element and with the runner; a second sun gear; planetary pinion means meshing with both sun gears and being rotatable orbitally around the sun gears by-said motor;. and normallyreleased control means operable at will for preventing rotation of said second sun gear, the effective drive ratios between said pinion means and said two sun gears respectively being such that, when said second sun gear is released by said control means, said first sun gear is rotated by said runner to letter-space the carriage, and, when said second sun gear is prevented from rotating by said control means, said first sun gear is rotated reversely to return the carriage.

5. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a fluid coupling including an impeller connected to the motor and a runner fluid-driven by the impeller; a carriage driving element; a first sun gear in driving connection with the carriage driving element and with said runner; a second sun gear coaxial with the first sun gear; planetary pinion means engaging both sun gears and adapted tobe motor-driven orbitally about the sun gears, the drive ratio from said first sun gear to said-pinion means being lower than the drive ratio from said second sun gear to said pinion means; a .brake drum rotatable with said second sun gear; and control means including a friction member normally operatively disengaged from said drum but -engageable therewith atwill.

6. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; a constantly running motor; connections between said motor and carriage comprising a shaft, a carriage-driving element fast with said shaft, :3. first sun gearfast with said shaft, a brake drum, a second sun gear fast with said brake drum, said second sun gear and brake drum being rotatable relatively to said first sun gear and said shaft, 9. fiuid coupling including an impeller connected directly to said motor to be driven thereby and a runner connected to said shaft for driving the latter, said impeller, said runner, said sun gears, said shaft, and said brake drum being coaxial, and planetary pinion means joumaled on said impeller 7. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

acarriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; a constantly running motor;

1 connections between said motor and carriage comprising a shaft, a carriage-driving element fast with said shaft, a first sun gear fast with said shaft, a brake drum, 8. second sun gear fast with said brake drum, said second 'sun gear and pinion means jdurn'aled on said impeller and in mesh with said sun gears; a'normally inactive brake band adapted to be applied to said brake drum; a brake band operating member; and-a yieldable connection between said member and said brake band.

, 8. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return movements; a motor; driving connections between said motor and said carriage including -a fluid coupling device which comprises a pressure fluid, housing, an impeller, and a runwith said pulley and said rollers so as to extend adjacent the carriage in the direction of its travel; means connecting the band to the carriage; an adjustably' tensioned spring connected to said lever for urging the lever to rock about its pivot for variably tensioning said band; and means for driving said pulley selectively inopposite directions for effecting carriage letter-spacing and return travel respectively. r

10. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereonfor letter-spacing and return travel; a pulley journaled on the frame; a looped band peripherally engaging said pulley and being connected to said carriage; means cooperable with said' pulley for mounting said band and for training it to extend adjacent the carriage and in the direction of its travel; means for driving said pulley selectively in opposite directions for efiecting carriage letter-spacing and return travel respectively; a ribbon feed drive shaft; and one-way drive connections between said s'haft and said band.

11. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

' drum; a ribbon feed driveshaft; and a pinion connected to said shaft and meshing with said gear.

12. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacingand return travel; a rack fixed to said carriage; a gear journaled on said frame and meshing with said rack; a motor; fluid coupled and cushioned drive connections between said motor and said gear for driving the latter-to move the carriage in letter-spacing direction; and planetary gearing driving connections between the motor and said gear operable at willfor driving the carriage in return direction.

13. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a shaft; a carrier journaled on said shaft; a lock gear journaled on said shaft; a carriage drive gear joumaled to rotate about said shaft; a first sun gear fast with said lock gear; a brake drum rotatablewith a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a shaft; a carrier 7 joumaled on said shaft; a lock gear joumaled said pinion; a brake band adapted to be engaged with said drum; means drivingly connecting said motor to'said carrier; and fluid-coupled driving connections between the motor and the carriage drive gear.

14. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

I on said shaft; a carriage drive gear journaled to rotate about said shaft; a first sun gear fast with said drive gear; a second sun gear fast with said lock gear, said sun gears and said drive gear being coaxial with said shaft; planetary pinion means journaled' on said carrier and engaging said sun gears respectively, the drive ratio from said first sun gear to said pinion means being lower than the drive ratio from said second 'sun gear to said pinion means; a pinion meshing with said lock gear; a brake drum rotatable a kinetic type fluid coupling device including an impeller driven by said motor and a runner; and

' belt and pulley drive connections between said runner and said carriage drive gear.

15. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereon for lettenspacing and return travel; a motor; a shaft; a carrier journaled on said shaft; a lock gear journaled on said shaft; a carriage drive gear journalcd to rotate about said shaft; a first sun gear fast with said drive gear; a second sun gear fast .With said lock gear, said sun gears and said drivegear being coaxial with said shaft; planetary pinion means journaled on said carrier and engaging said sun gears respectively, the drive ratio from said first sun gear to said pinion means being lower'than the drive ratio from said second sun gear to said pinion means; a pinion meshing with said lock gear; a brake drum rotatable with said pinion; a brake band adapted to be engaged with said drum; means drivingly connectingsaid motor to said carrier; fluid-coupled driving connections between the motor and the a carriage drive gear; a ribbon feed drive shaft; and gear and pinion connections between said drive shaft and said carriage drive gear.

7 16. In a typewriting or like machine,.a frame; a carriage mounted thereon .for letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; letter-spacing'and return travel driving connections between the motor and carriage including planetary gearing comprising a carrier driven by said motor, a

' sun gear, drivingly connected to'the carriage, a

second sun gear, planetary pinion means journaled on the carrier and meshing with said sun gears, a brake drum connected to'said second sun gear, and a friction brake element engageable with saidbrake drum; and key-controlled means for effecting engagement of said friction brake element with said drum smoothly and gradually.

17. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

Images