US2279023A - Method and device for depicting objects - Google Patents

Method and device for depicting objects Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2279023A
US2279023A US300276A US30027639A US2279023A US 2279023 A US2279023 A US 2279023A US 300276 A US300276 A US 300276A US 30027639 A US30027639 A US 30027639A US 2279023 A US2279023 A US 2279023A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
neutrons
quick
quick neutrons
substance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US300276A
Inventor
Kallmann Hartmut Israel
Kuhn Ernst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IG Farbenindustrie AG
Original Assignee
IG Farbenindustrie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IG Farbenindustrie AG filed Critical IG Farbenindustrie AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2279023A publication Critical patent/US2279023A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01N23/05—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using neutrons

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for the investigation of substances with the aid of quick neutrons and is particularly concerned with the provision of means for showing the distribution of the intensity in a beam of quick neutrons.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of means for showing a representation of the distribution of the intensity in a beam of quick neutrons.
  • Showing a representation of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons is in general more complicated than showing a representation of a beam of slow neutrons due to the small power of absorption of the intermediate reaction layers against quick neutrons and due to their being necessarily rather thin in order to obtain sharpness of the images.
  • the following layers are, however, well adapted to the purpose in view. For instance a thin layer of paraflin can be most adavntageously used in the following manner.
  • the quick neutrons are caused to liberate hydrogen nuclei from the layer of paraffin by collisions, said nuclei emerging from the paraffin with high velocity are in turn caused to energize an adjacent fluorescent substance the radiation proceeding from which can be used for blackening a photosensitive layer or for visual observation.
  • the intermediate reaction layer may, furthermore, advantageously consist of a substance in which the quick neutrons produce nuclei disintegration processes being accompanied by the emission of heavy charged particles these particles being causedto excite a fluorescent substance or/and to act directly or indirectly upon a photosensitive layer. Such reactions take place for instance in magnesium or in layers containing this metal.
  • radioactive nuclei may be employed in the course of which radioactive nuclei are generated under the influence of the quick neutrons. These radioactive nuclei emit electrons which can be in turn caused to energize fluorescent material or/ and to act directly or indirectly upon a photosensitive layer.
  • Fig-1 is a perspective View, with parts broken away, of a device incorporating principles of the present invention.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are perspective views of modified forms of the device illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • I is a layer of paraflin 'or equivalent intermediate substance
  • 2 is a layer .of fluorescent substance adjacent layer
  • i is a layer of paraflin 'or equivalent intermediate substance
  • 2 is a layer .of fluorescent substance adjacent layer
  • 3 is a photosensitive layer adjacent layer 2 and on the side of the latter remote from layer l.
  • the layer of fluorescent substance shown at 2 in Fig. 2 is omitted, and the photosensitive layer is brought adjacent layer I.
  • a method of obtaining an image of an object by means of quick neutrons which comprises directing a beam of quick neutrons upon the object, causing the emergent beam of quick neutrons to impinge upon a layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, and causing the radiation to impinge upon an adjacent layer of material which is sensitive to said radiation.
  • a method of obtaining an image of an object by means of quick neutrons which comprises directing a beam of quick neutrons upon the object, causing the emergent beam of quick neutrons to impinge upon a layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, and causing the radiation to impinge upon an adjacent layer of fluorescent material.
  • a method of obtaining an image of an object by means of quick neutrons which comprises directing a beam of quick neutrons upon the object, causing the emergent beam of quick neutrons to impinge upon a layer containing .a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, and causing the radiation to impinge upon an adjacent layer of photo-sensitive material.
  • a method of obtaining an image of an object by'means of quick neutrons which comprises directing a beam of quick neutrons upon the object, causing the emergent beam of quick neutrons to impinge upon a layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, causing the radiation to impinge upon an adjacent layer of fluorescent material, and causing the resulting visible radiation to impinge upon a photo-sensitive layer.
  • a device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons which comprises a front layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of material which is sensitive to radiation emitted under the influence of quick neutrons.
  • a device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons which comprises a front layer containing .a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of fluorescent material.
  • a device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons which comprises a front layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of photo-sensitive material.
  • a device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons which comprises a front layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of fluorescent material, and a back layer of photo-sensitive material adjacent said fluorescent material layer.
  • a device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons which comprises a front layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit gamma radiation, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of material which is sensitive to gamma radiation.
  • the gamma radiation-emitting substance of the front layer is a metal of the group consisting of cadmium and copper.
  • a device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons which comprises a front layer containing a hydrocarbonaceous substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit high velocity hydrogen nuclei, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of material which is sensitive to high velocity hydrogen nuclei.
  • a device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons which comprises a front layer contain ing paraffin which reacts with quick neutrons to emit high velocity hydrogen nuclei, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a material which is sensitive to high velocity hydrogen nuclei.
  • a device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons which comprises a front layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit charged particles, said'front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of material which is sensitive to charged particles.
  • a method of obtaining an image of an object by means of quick neutrons which comprises directing a beam of quick neutrons upon the object, causing the emergent beam of quick neutrons to impinge upon a layer containing parafiin which reacts with quick neutrons to emit high velocity hydrogen nuclei, and causing such emitted nuclei to impinge upon an adjacent layer of material which is sensitive to high velocity hydrogen nuclei.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Description

April 7, 1942. 2,279,023
HARTMUT ISRAEL KALLMANN, FORMERLY KNOWN As HARTMUT KALLMANN ET AL METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DEPICTING OBJECTS Filed Oct. 19, 1959 Patented Apr. 7, 1942 I lTE STTES ATENT OFFICE METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DEPICTING OBJECTS tion of Germany Berlin-Charlottenburg,
Application October 19, 1939, Serial No; 300,276 7 In Germany October 19, 1938 15 Claims.
This invention relates to a method for the investigation of substances with the aid of quick neutrons and is particularly concerned with the provision of means for showing the distribution of the intensity in a beam of quick neutrons.
It has already been suggested to show the dis-- tribution of the intensity in a beam of slow neutrons by first causing the slow neutrons to produce heavy particles, electrons or gamma rays in an intermediate layer and then causing said heavy particles etc. to act upon a fluorescent material or/and a photographic layer adjacent to the first layer. Showing the distribution of the intensity in a beam of slow neutrons is important especially when the neutrons are directed through objects, for instance, living bodies, in order to depict these objects with the aid of slow neutrons.
Under certain circumstances the transillumination and depicting of objects by means of slow neutrons is however rather difiicult to be carried out especially if the objects investigated absorb slow neutrons particularly strongly.
It is an object of the present invention to obviate these difficulties. Another object of the invention is the provision of means for showing a representation of the distribution of the intensity in a beam of quick neutrons. These inventive objects are attained by directing a beam of quick neutrons through a body or substance and by causing the quick neutrons emerging from the body or substance to encounter an intermediate layer in which heavy particles, positively or negatively charged electrons, or gamma radiation are produced under the action of the quick neutrons. These heavy particles etc. are in turn caused to act upon fluorescent material and/or a photosensitive plate or film adjacent to the intermediate reaction layer in the usual way. They thus produce a representation of the distribution of the intensity of the beam of quick neutrons on the fluorescent material and/or the photosensitive plate or film.
Showing a representation of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons is in general more complicated than showing a representation of a beam of slow neutrons due to the small power of absorption of the intermediate reaction layers against quick neutrons and due to their being necessarily rather thin in order to obtain sharpness of the images. The following layers are, however, well adapted to the purpose in view. For instance a thin layer of paraflin can be most adavntageously used in the following manner. The quick neutrons are caused to liberate hydrogen nuclei from the layer of paraffin by collisions, said nuclei emerging from the paraffin with high velocity are in turn caused to energize an adjacent fluorescent substance the radiation proceeding from which can be used for blackening a photosensitive layer or for visual observation. Under certain circumstances it is more favourable to cause the hydrogen nuclei emerging from the paraflin to act directly upon a photosensitive layer. Instead of the paraifin also other hydrogenous compounds can be employed; finally also other atomic nuclei can be caused to be liberated by the quick neutrons, but owing to their larger mass the transmission of energy to these nuclei is much slighter than with hydrogen nuclei and in consequence thereof the output is very small.
The intermediate reaction layer may, furthermore, advantageously consist of a substance in which the quick neutrons produce nuclei disintegration processes being accompanied by the emission of heavy charged particles these particles being causedto excite a fluorescent substance or/and to act directly or indirectly upon a photosensitive layer. Such reactions take place for instance in magnesium or in layers containing this metal.
As intermediate reactions furthermore such nuclear reactions may be employed in the course of which radioactive nuclei are generated under the influence of the quick neutrons. These radioactive nuclei emit electrons which can be in turn caused to energize fluorescent material or/ and to act directly or indirectly upon a photosensitive layer.
As intermediate reaction finally all processes can be employed in the course of which excited nuclei are anyhow generated under the action of the quick neutrons. These excited nuclei give ofi" their energy of excitation, for instance in form of gamma radiation which can act directly or indirectly upon fluorescent material or/and a photosensitive layer. As an example for such reaction we mention the excitation of the cadmium and copper nucleus by collision with quick neutrons. This process is distinguished by its comparatively large output.
Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Fig-1 is a perspective View, with parts broken away, of a device incorporating principles of the present invention, and
Figs. 2 and 3 are perspective views of modified forms of the device illustrated in Fig. 1.
In Figs. 1 and 2, I is a layer of paraflin 'or equivalent intermediate substance, and 2 is a layer .of fluorescent substance adjacent layer i. In. Fig. 2, 3 is a photosensitive layer adjacent layer 2 and on the side of the latter remote from layer l. in Fig. 3, the layer of fluorescent substance shown at 2 in Fig. 2 is omitted, and the photosensitive layer is brought adjacent layer I.
We claim:
1. A method of obtaining an image of an object by means of quick neutrons, which comprises directing a beam of quick neutrons upon the object, causing the emergent beam of quick neutrons to impinge upon a layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, and causing the radiation to impinge upon an adjacent layer of material which is sensitive to said radiation.
2. A method of obtaining an image of an object by means of quick neutrons, which comprises directing a beam of quick neutrons upon the object, causing the emergent beam of quick neutrons to impinge upon a layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, and causing the radiation to impinge upon an adjacent layer of fluorescent material.
3. A method of obtaining an image of an object by means of quick neutrons, which comprises directing a beam of quick neutrons upon the object, causing the emergent beam of quick neutrons to impinge upon a layer containing .a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, and causing the radiation to impinge upon an adjacent layer of photo-sensitive material.
4. A method of obtaining an image of an object by'means of quick neutrons, which comprises directing a beam of quick neutrons upon the object, causing the emergent beam of quick neutrons to impinge upon a layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, causing the radiation to impinge upon an adjacent layer of fluorescent material, and causing the resulting visible radiation to impinge upon a photo-sensitive layer.
5. A device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons, which comprises a front layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of material which is sensitive to radiation emitted under the influence of quick neutrons.
6. A device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons, which comprises a front layer containing .a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of fluorescent material.
'7. A device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons, which comprises a front layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of photo-sensitive material.
8. A device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons, which comprises a front layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit radiation of the group consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of fluorescent material, and a back layer of photo-sensitive material adjacent said fluorescent material layer.
9. A device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons, which comprises a front layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit gamma radiation, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of material which is sensitive to gamma radiation.
10. The device defined in claim 9, in which the gamma radiation-emitting substance of the front layer is a metal of the group consisting of cadmium and copper.
11. A device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons, which comprises a front layer containing a hydrocarbonaceous substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit high velocity hydrogen nuclei, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of material which is sensitive to high velocity hydrogen nuclei.
12. A device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons, which comprises a front layer contain ing paraffin which reacts with quick neutrons to emit high velocity hydrogen nuclei, said front layer being immediately adjacent to a material which is sensitive to high velocity hydrogen nuclei.
13. A device for forming an image of the distribution of the intensity of a beam of quick neutrons, which comprises a front layer containing a substance which reacts with quick neutrons to emit charged particles, said'front layer being immediately adjacent to a layer of material which is sensitive to charged particles.
14. The device defined in claim 13, in which the charged-particle-emitting substance is magnesium.
15. A method of obtaining an image of an object by means of quick neutrons, which comprises directing a beam of quick neutrons upon the object, causing the emergent beam of quick neutrons to impinge upon a layer containing parafiin which reacts with quick neutrons to emit high velocity hydrogen nuclei, and causing such emitted nuclei to impinge upon an adjacent layer of material which is sensitive to high velocity hydrogen nuclei.
HARTMUT ISRAEL KALLMANN, Formerly known as Hartmut Kall'mann.
ERNST-KUHN.
US300276A 1938-10-19 1939-10-19 Method and device for depicting objects Expired - Lifetime US2279023A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2279023X 1938-10-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2279023A true US2279023A (en) 1942-04-07

Family

ID=7993490

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US300276A Expired - Lifetime US2279023A (en) 1938-10-19 1939-10-19 Method and device for depicting objects

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2279023A (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2549176A (en) * 1947-05-31 1951-04-17 Texas Co Detection of scattered neutrons
US2562969A (en) * 1949-06-02 1951-08-07 Texaco Development Corp Radiation detection
US2664511A (en) * 1949-11-01 1953-12-29 Patterson Moos & Company Inc Dosimeter
US2733355A (en) * 1956-01-31 Thermal neutron measuring
US2790908A (en) * 1953-08-07 1957-04-30 Riviere Philip D La Radiographic method and emans for detecting activity-bearing particulate matters
US2863062A (en) * 1946-06-10 1958-12-02 William J Sturm Method of measuring the integrated energy output of a neutronic chain reactor
US20120275557A1 (en) * 2011-04-26 2012-11-01 The Trustees Of Princeton University Production of Radionuclide Molybdenum 99 in a Distributed and In Situ Fashion

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2733355A (en) * 1956-01-31 Thermal neutron measuring
US2863062A (en) * 1946-06-10 1958-12-02 William J Sturm Method of measuring the integrated energy output of a neutronic chain reactor
US2549176A (en) * 1947-05-31 1951-04-17 Texas Co Detection of scattered neutrons
US2562969A (en) * 1949-06-02 1951-08-07 Texaco Development Corp Radiation detection
US2664511A (en) * 1949-11-01 1953-12-29 Patterson Moos & Company Inc Dosimeter
US2790908A (en) * 1953-08-07 1957-04-30 Riviere Philip D La Radiographic method and emans for detecting activity-bearing particulate matters
US20120275557A1 (en) * 2011-04-26 2012-11-01 The Trustees Of Princeton University Production of Radionuclide Molybdenum 99 in a Distributed and In Situ Fashion
US9318228B2 (en) * 2011-04-26 2016-04-19 Charles A. Gentile Production of radionuclide molybdenum 99 in a distributed and in situ fashion

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Thewlis Neutron radiography
US2270373A (en) Neutron image converter
US2161985A (en) Process of producing radio-active elements
US10832826B2 (en) Inspection of nuclear waste
US2279023A (en) Method and device for depicting objects
US3237009A (en) Method and device for radiography with neutrons of thermal energies
US3735135A (en) Neutron detector of the track-damage type
US4239966A (en) Detection of atoms using monochromatic X-rays
US2558919A (en) Method for measuring radiation of neutrons
Garrett et al. The technological development of neutron radiography
US2288717A (en) Method for the investigation of substances with the aid of neutrons
US2274900A (en) Method of investigating substances
US6252921B1 (en) Nuclear isomers as neutron and energy sources
US2574681A (en) Material and method for radiography
US3457408A (en) Track-etch neutron radiography
US2549176A (en) Detection of scattered neutrons
JPS58113842A (en) Neutron and gamma rays simultaneous radiography utllizing californium-252 and device used in said radiography
US2245787A (en) Examining bodies by means of neutrons and electron emitting material
JP2004219187A (en) Isotope analysis method in high precision, high s/n, and high efficiency by nuclear isomer generation using laser inverse compton gamma ray
Ewert et al. Industrial radiology
GB1137562A (en) A radiographic nondestructive testing method
RU2243573C1 (en) Method for manufacturing scintillation screens for visualizing x-rays
Williams High Energy Formulae
Berger Neutron radiography as an inspection technique
Berger FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY