US2278851A - Lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US2278851A
US2278851A US294207A US29420739A US2278851A US 2278851 A US2278851 A US 2278851A US 294207 A US294207 A US 294207A US 29420739 A US29420739 A US 29420739A US 2278851 A US2278851 A US 2278851A
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Prior art keywords
wear
compounds
lubricating oil
oil
agents
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US294207A
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English (en)
Inventor
Eric S Hillman
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Shell Development Co
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Shell Development Co
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Priority to BE439261D priority Critical patent/BE439261A/xx
Application filed by Shell Development Co filed Critical Shell Development Co
Priority to US294207A priority patent/US2278851A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/16—Carbon dioxide
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    • C10M2201/18—Ammonia
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
    • C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
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    • C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/24—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2207/284—Esters of aromatic monocarboxylic acids
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    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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    • C10M2215/044—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having cycloaliphatic groups
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    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2215/062—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups bound to the aromatic ring
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    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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    • C10M2215/204—Containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds containing nitroso groups
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    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/08—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having metal-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/10—Groups 5 or 15

Definitions

  • Oxidation of the anti-wear agent while it is in solution in the lubricating oil, may result in the formation of compounds which are oil-soluble or are very difficult to reduce. Oxidation may take place in the body of the oil or on the surface of the bearing metal or both. It may be caused by dissolved air or some addition compounds, or compounds introduced during use of the oil in internal combustion engines through leakage from the combustion chamber.
  • the oxides of many of the, phosphines, arsines, etc. are substantially insoluble in hydrocarbon oils, particularly those which are relatively easily obtainable, sucha-s the triphenyl phosphine, triphenyl arsine, dipropyl phenyl arsine, etc.; that furthermore, for equal'amounts of dissolved semimetallic element, the phosphine and corresponding compounds of other semi-metals are under normal lubricating conditions far better antiwear polishing agents than their oxides.
  • aldol alpha-naphthylamine para alkyl aniline, alkyl, aryl or dialkyl amino phenols, condensation products of naphthylamine and cresols, diphenylamine,. dicyclohexylamine, dibutyl amine salt of alpha naphthol, reaction products of carboxylic acids such as fatty acids or rosin acids with alkylamines, etc.; nitroso compounds, e. g. nitroso alphanaphthol, etc.; azo compounds, e. g. phenyl azocatechol, azobenzene, etc.; alkaloids, e. g. nicotine, etc.; phenols, e. g.
  • the amounts of reducing agent and anti-wear agent employed in a lubricating oil may vary from about .1 to 10% each by weight of the lubricating oil for best results.
  • the lubricating oils were tested in a four-ball apparatus such as described in Engineering, Vol. 136, (1933), page'46; this apparatus is capable of measuring metal wear.
  • the difierent oils were run for two hours each in the four-ball machine with 7kg. loads and at a rotative speed of 700 R. P. M.
  • the scare areas were then measured for each lubricant tested and the scar pressures tabulated below were calculated from the formula:
  • the effect of the added reducing agent is far greater in combination with diamylnaphthalene than in combination with the western lubricating oil.
  • the former oil is far more oxidation stable than the latter and hence is a weaker reducing agent. Since the tendency inthe manufacture of lubricating oil is decidedly towards oils of improved oxidation stabilities, the importance of adding bination with the anti-wear agents.
  • combination reducing and wedging compounds are long chain unsaturated aliphatic ketones, for example, the C24 unsaturated ketone.
  • This C24 ketone was prepared as follows: Mesityl oxide obtained by condensing acetone was mixed with a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution prepared by dissolving 300 grams of sodium hydroxide in 254 grams of water, and refluxed in an iron stiil for more than one hour, while the Water and acetone formed were continuously removed. The resulting oil layer was withdrawn, water washed to remove caustic and fractionall'y distilled, to recover the C24 unsaturated ketone having but a single carbonyl radical as a product distilling between 170 C. and 230 C. at 2 mm. pressure. ,Its effect on the wear is shown by the data below which were obtained in the four-ball apparatus; mentioned earlier:
  • the reducing agents of this invention are not only valuable in combination with the anti-wear agents alone, but frequently are of even greater value when combined with the anti-wear agents and the wedging compounds disclosed in the pending application Serial No; 274,842, filed May 20, 1939, by Givens-Beeck.
  • Wedging compounds have been defined as high-molecular weight organic compounds soluble in mineral oils possessing a high dipolar moment by virtue of a strongly polar radical which is attached to a long hydrocarbon chain of not less than carbon atoms. These compounds to be effective should preferably be substantially non-corrosive under the conditions of lubrication.
  • the wedg ing and reducing properties may be combined in a single compound, if desired, and such compounds are often of particular usefulness in com- I claim as my invention:
  • An anti-Wear lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil containing dissolved small amounts of a free aliphatic unsaturated ketone having at least 10 carbon atoms and an antiwear compound which is substantially non-corrosive under lubricating conditions, and contains as its active ingredient a semi-metallic element capable of forming with bearing metals alloys having melting points substantially lower than said metals.
  • the lubricant of claim 1 in which the amounts of anti-wear and ketone are from 1% to 10% each.
  • An anti-wear lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil containing dissolved small amounts of a free aliphatic unsaturated C24 ketone and an anti-wear compound which is substantially non-corrosive under. lubricating conditions, and contains as its active ingredient a semi-metallic element capable of forming with bearing metals alloys having melting points sub stantially lower than said metals.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US294207A 1939-09-09 1939-09-09 Lubricating oil composition Expired - Lifetime US2278851A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445901A (en) * 1945-06-19 1948-07-27 Gulf Research Development Co Method of seating piston rings in internal-combustion engines
US3280030A (en) * 1963-09-10 1966-10-18 Texaco Inc Lubricating composition

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445901A (en) * 1945-06-19 1948-07-27 Gulf Research Development Co Method of seating piston rings in internal-combustion engines
US3280030A (en) * 1963-09-10 1966-10-18 Texaco Inc Lubricating composition

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