US2276910A - Phase shifting network - Google Patents

Phase shifting network Download PDF

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Publication number
US2276910A
US2276910A US288132A US28813239A US2276910A US 2276910 A US2276910 A US 2276910A US 288132 A US288132 A US 288132A US 28813239 A US28813239 A US 28813239A US 2276910 A US2276910 A US 2276910A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
phase
antenna
conductor
radiation
condensers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US288132A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alford Andrew
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co
MACKAY RADIO AND TELEGRAPH Co
Original Assignee
Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE441497D priority Critical patent/BE441497A/xx
Application filed by Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co filed Critical Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co
Priority to US288132A priority patent/US2276910A/en
Priority to GB12559/40A priority patent/GB542535A/en
Priority to FR867923D priority patent/FR867923A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2276910A publication Critical patent/US2276910A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/14—Supports; Mounting means for wire or other non-rigid radiating elements
    • H01Q1/16—Strainers, spreaders, or spacers

Definitions

  • My invention relates to antenna systemsand more particularly to antenna systems comprising a plurality of separate linear radiant acting portions coupled together by a phase advancing means.
  • a simple condenser which produces a phase advance, is not suitable because it willproduce a large discontinuity and a consequent large reflection resulting in greater distortion.
  • antennae of the same general nature as those discussed aboye may be constructed, but in place of a loop for retarding the phase of the energy to produce the desired phase shift, a phase advancing network is utilized.
  • This network in general comprises two condensers arranged in the antenna and spaced such a distance apart as to produce a conjugate relationship, that is, so as to produce substantially no harmful reflection of energy in the line.
  • conjugate relationship refers to a network arrangement wherein two impcdances if properly designed as to value are spaced a particular distance apart on a transmission line, they will produce no effect on the wave distribution in the line at a particular frequency.
  • phase shifter may be utilized in an antenna arrangement wherein a phase shift between the radiant acting conductors connected together, if desired, regardless of the particular form of antenna to which it is applied.
  • the invention is particularly useful in conjunction with the directive antennae of the type known a V-antennae.
  • any phase advancing units of the type utilizing conjugate condenser arrangements may be applied to existing antennae structure whereby an improvement of the radiation characteristics may b obtained without the necessity of other change in the existing structure.
  • I' provide antenna condenser arrangements on strain insulators, these condenser units being relatively light for use with suspended antenna structures.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 are diagrammatic illustrations of radiant action conductors illustrating such principles of my invention
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram of an antenna constructed in accordance with the principles of my invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating another feature of my invention.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates another embodiment of my invention utilizing two antennae elements
  • Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate particular forms of condenser arrangements in accordance with my invention.
  • a short length of conductor H is shown having a radiation patteml2.
  • Such a short length of conductor ll may be considered as a unit radiator and the maximum radiation is at right angles to the conductor. This condition obtains so long as the length L is maintained electrically very short, for example, less than a half-wavelength long. If we take any conductor of length L, each individual element of the conductor is energized in a fixed position,
  • the radiation pattern will be in the form of lobes, as illustrated in Fig. 2, that is the radiation will be in the form of a hollow cone of revolution around the conductor l I as an axis.
  • the angle of maximum radiation will no longer be 90 as in the case of Fig. 1, but will be at diflerent angle, 01.
  • a radiation pattern such as shown in Fig. 3 will occur.
  • This radiation pattern has a maximum lobe at an angle of a. to the conductor H, and two minor lobes 13, as shown.
  • the conductor is made four wavelengths long, as shown in Fig. 4, then the radiation pattern has a still diiferent shape, the maximum lobe 14 being at an angle 04 to conductor II, which angle is considerably lower than the angle for the two wavelength conductors.
  • additional minor lobes are produced, as shown at l5.
  • the major lobe of radiation is larger for the longer length wire, but the increase variant is not proportional to the increase of length of wire because of the improper phasing of energy in the individual units.
  • unit would add together at the angle 02, a larger radiation lobe It would be produced thereby.
  • the two wavelength elements constituting the conductor H of Fig. 4 are not in phase in the direction 04.
  • the elements would produce a stronger field, not only in the direction of 02 but in the direction of 04.
  • the phasing were corrected so as to properly phase the elementary section, the radiation at angle 04 would be considerably increased because the phasing in that direction would be improved since the cosine of one-half of the phase diiference varies slowly when this phase difference itself is near to zero. It is, therefore, clear that two elements may be used to produce more radiation not only in the angle 1 but even in the direction 04 by means of suitable phasing.
  • Figs. 2 to 4 the angles 01, 02, 04, have not been shown in their actual relationship, but are shown with arbitrarily selected angles for the purpose of illustration.
  • the cor-,- rect angle of radiation with respect to the length of the conductor is different for every different conductor length. This is explained in A discussion of methods'employed in calculations of electromagnetic fields of radiating conductors," by Andrew Alford, pages 70 to 88 of Electrical Communications" for July 1936, published by International Standard Electric Corporation.
  • Fig. 5 The nature of the problem itself concerning the phasing of antenna units, may be better understood by reference to Fig. 5.
  • Wire AB is energized at A, and radiates primarily in a direction towards a point P at a great distance. If the length of the radiator AB is L1 and the angle between the direction of radiation and of the wire is 0, then the radiation starting from C has a shorter path to point P than the radiation starting from a corresponding point A on the other radiator. This difference in path is equal to L1 cos 0.
  • the standing wave ratio that is the ratio of the maximum to the minimum standing waves or other reflecting structure.
  • the spacings between the condensers is equal to 90+.
  • phase changer consisting of two series condensers will not cause much disturbance of frequencies near this conjugate frequency so long as the phase advance is not too large. This is because that for moderate values of phase advance the value Q between condensers is small, so that even if the second condenser is somewhat removed from the proper location, it will still produce a nearly reflectionless line.
  • the only thing to be considered when the antenna is to be used for several frequencies is that the phase advance in one particular spot is not made too great.
  • Fig. '7 is illustrated diagrammatically an embodiment of my invention utilizing phase advancing arrangements, such as illustrated in Fig. 6,
  • Transmitter or receiver 10 is coupled over lines H to a V-antenna comp-rising conductors 12, 13, 14, forming one leg of the antenna, and conductors 15, 16, 11, forming the other leg thereof.
  • phase advancing network 18 which is preferably made in accordance with the teachings of my invention as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the antenna illustrated in Fig. '7 the antenna is divided into three sections, the number of sections justed with respect to their length, the principles of my invention may be utilized to improve the radiation characteristic of an existing antenna structure in spite of the fact that the angle thereof may not be adjusted for the maximum radiation.
  • FIG. 8 an antenna structure comprising two radiating sections 80, and two radiating secticns 8
  • the radiation lobes for each of the wires is enlarged and changed in direction. as illustrated at 84, 84'.
  • maximum directive action of the radiators is changed from angle 64 to 02 so that maximum radiation would be obtained by widening the angle between these conductors.
  • the radiation in the direction indi-
  • the cated by angle 04 is also increased, so that the total radiation of the system is improved in the direction of existing communication.
  • FIG. 10 shows a strain insulator 50 supported between loops 5i, 52 made'in the conductor of the antenna.
  • the c ndenser structure comprising cylindrical plates 53, 54, Plates 53 are clamped to the insulator 50 by means of a clamp 58 and are connected by means of a conductor 55 with the portion of the antenna from which loop 5
  • the other plates of the condenser 54 are connected by means of conductor 56 with the portions of the antenna from which loop 52 are formed.
  • the capacity of the condenser may be varied by adjustin the clamp 58 longitudinally of the insulator 50.
  • Lead shims 59 are providedbetween the clamping portion of the clamp 58 and the insulator in order that the strain placed onthe insulator by clamping may not cause the insulator to break.
  • FIG. 11 An alternative insulator structure is shown in Fig. 11, wherein only a portion of the complete structure is shown, the remaining parts being preferably made substantially identical with that shown in Fig. 10.
  • disc shaped plates are formed as shown at 10, H. These plates are preferably made of sheet metal and are rolled at the edges to increase the rigidity thereof and prevent vibration of the plates altering the tuning.
  • the plates are adjustably clamped on the shank of insulator 50 in a manner similar to that disclosed in Fig. 10.
  • the spacing between the plates may be adjusted by loosening screws and shifting one or the other of the plates with respect to the other plate.
  • Fig. 9 is disclosed an arrangement wherein a unidirectional efiect is achieved by using two antennae 80, 8
  • the antenna structures proper may be both energized from" source 85, as shown in Fig. 9, or alternatively some of the antenna units, such as 8
  • An antenna comprising a first radiant acting conductor, a second radiant acting conductor and a phase advancing network comprising two phase advancing reactance elements connected in conjugate relation with respect to the operating frequency of said antenna interconnecting said radiant acting conductors.
  • phase advancing network comprises condensers each producing a phase advance of o and a conductive element efiectively equal to 90+ electrical degrees in length connected between said condensers.
  • a directive antenna comprising a pair of radiant acting arms forming a V-shaped structure, each of said arms comprising a plurality of substantially equal length sections, and phase advancing means comprising a pair of condensers connected in conjugate relation with respect to the operating frequency of said antenna interconnecting said sections.
  • each of said condensers is of a size to produce the same phase advance and conjugate relation is established by a conductor interconnecting said condensers of an electrical length equal to a quarter wavelength plus said phase advance.
  • a directive antenna system comprising a plurality of, pairs of radiant acting arms each pair forming a V-shaped structure, said pairs being arranged to form a directive array, each of said arms comprising a plurality of substantially equal length sections, and phase advancing means comprising a pair of condensers connected in conjugate relation with respect to the operating frequency of said antenna interconnecting each of said sections.
  • a phase advancing network for producing a predetermined phase advance at a particular frequency free from production of reflections in a line comprising a pair of condensers having a fixed capacity, each producing an advance of haH said predetermined value, and means interconnecting said condensers equal electrically substantially to half said predetermined phase advance plus a quarter of a wavelength at said operating frequency.
  • a directive antenna comprising a pair of radiating arms arranged at a predetermined angle with respect to each other for radiating in a particular direction, and means for increasing the radiation in said direction comprising phase advancing means dividing each arm of said antenna into elements of substantially equal length, said phase advancing means comprising a pair of condensers connected in conjugate relation withurespect to the operating frequency of said antenna.
  • An antenna comprising a first radiant acting conductor, a second radiant acting conductor, a phase advancing network interconnecting said conductors, said network comprising a pair of strain insulators fastened respectively to said conductors at one end and fastened together at their other ends by a network conductor, conductive means forming a condenser mounted on each of said strain insulators, and conductive connectionsbetween said first and second conductors and a respective one of said condensers, and between said condensers and said network conductor, said network conductor having a length substantially equal to the phase shift produced by one of said condensers, plus a quarter wavelength at the operating frequency of said antenna.
US288132A 1939-08-03 1939-08-03 Phase shifting network Expired - Lifetime US2276910A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE441497D BE441497A (fr) 1939-08-03
US288132A US2276910A (en) 1939-08-03 1939-08-03 Phase shifting network
GB12559/40A GB542535A (en) 1939-08-03 1940-08-03 Improvements in phase shifting networks applied to directive antenna systems
FR867923D FR867923A (fr) 1939-08-03 1940-12-04 Système d'aériens radioélectriques

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US288132A US2276910A (en) 1939-08-03 1939-08-03 Phase shifting network

Publications (1)

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US2276910A true US2276910A (en) 1942-03-17

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US288132A Expired - Lifetime US2276910A (en) 1939-08-03 1939-08-03 Phase shifting network

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2276910A (fr)
BE (1) BE441497A (fr)
FR (1) FR867923A (fr)
GB (1) GB542535A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2715184A (en) * 1946-10-01 1955-08-09 Emi Ltd Aerials

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2715184A (en) * 1946-10-01 1955-08-09 Emi Ltd Aerials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE441497A (fr)
FR867923A (fr) 1941-12-05
GB542535A (en) 1942-01-14

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