US2273702A

US2273702A - Broad-tipped pen and feeder

Info

Publication number: US2273702A
Application number: US352904A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ross F George
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1940-08-16
Filing date: 1940-08-16
Publication date: 1942-02-17
Anticipated expiration: 1959-02-17

Description

Feb. 17, 1942. R. F.. GEORGE 2,273,702

BROAD-TIPPED PEN AND FEEDER Filed Aug. 16, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Zhwentor Ross F. George 5 Y Gttornegs Feb. 17, 1942. R. F. GEORGE ,2

BROAD-TIPPED PEN AND FEEDER Filed Aug. 16, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I4 figl E 1 2a Zhwentor Ross F. George A fitter-neg;

Patented Feb. 17, 1942 Es FATE NsT rem-C r i I BROADF-TIPPED PEN AND FEEDER "Ross F. Ge0rge, Seattle, Wash. H Applicati0n'August'16,1940, Serial No. 352,904

h 2201mm. ((31.120-111) Pens with reservoir 'attachr nents 'have been used by show-cardwriter's, principally for lettering. :Such pen are shown, for example, in my.

prior Patents Nos. 1,747,701, 1,877,295, and 2,104,479. Whenever required, to handedraw broad or broadly shaded linesywhether in margins, inv decorative 'flouri's'hes, or in large letters, show-card writers. will normally-muse a brush. Pens with sufliciently broad marking tips maybe made, by enlarging or broadeningyknownlettering pens, or as shown in the Oelba-umPatent No.

2,071,985,, and may thus carryla sufficient quantity of ink, required by :suchfiastroke -;of normal length and great breadth, but such a pen would be so lacking in theiflexibility, particularly the transverse'fiexibility, which-is characteristic of a brush, that it would be difiicult jto handle it, and to maintain the proper breadth and-weight {0f in k throughout the. stroke. Accordingly, no such pens have come into general use. ,1 q

In the brush, on the contrary, there is not only an, ink "reservoir of large capacity, such as the broadstroke of appreciable length requires, andthe multitude of capillary channels toefiect even and controlled distribution of the ink, "regardless oi, the flexed position "of the brushs tip, trans vvei'sely or longitudinally, but likewise thereis maximum freedom of flexure, both transversely and longitudinally. Without, such flexibility, coupled with controlled yet adequate ink supply to *all parts of the brushs tip regardless of Hev can rapidly draw a broad line, straight or.

curved, of any length within the ink-holding capacity of his brush, assured that the line will be of proper width and weight throughout. ;-I-le acquires askill and technique in handling the'brushwhich depends upon the flexibility (particularly the transverse flexibility) of the brush, and

which is nullified if such flexibility is lacking.

No pen which lacks corresponding flexibility will' be acceptable. N0 pen, however flexible, will be acceptable unless the ink supply to the marking tip is adequate and as well controlled as in the brush. Indeed, a, pen which leaves something to.

be desired as to flexibility maybe 'acceptable'for some purposes if its ink supply is controlled by suitably graduated channels of adequate breadth,

. and of" varying thickness, includinga capillary space'atit end. The necessity of propercont trol of the ink supply is more acute as the-pen becomes more flexible, for the flexing of theipen must not disturb the necessarily small capillary relation of the 'ink-feedingchannels to all parts a of the marking tip, notwithstanding flexureof the tip, and of the channel-defining elements leading thereto, to a degreefar in excess of the capillary channels thickness. The ink supply 7 must be adequate in amount at all times,1in all 1: positions, and to allxparts of the tip, yet never,

ing abroad marking tip, for strokes of a nature heretofore reserved for brushes, and having a feeder or reservoir of capacity equivalent to that of a brush of corresponding :wid th, but-.zso' -ar-. ranged, as to the brush and also as to the 2 brush and feeder as an operative combination,

2, adequate capacity, regardless :of flexure or position of the pen.

that the marking tip preferably hasflexibility comparable to that of :a brush, and the inkis fed to the marking tip' in a, controlled manner, through capillary channels'from a reservoir of In so doing there is achieved the final aim, namely, uniformity ,'of widthof the stroke, coupledwi-th the uniformity of weight which is accomplished by the proper distribution f"- previously mentioned.

In accomplishing the main purpose abovei-t is also my purposeto provide a pen and a feeder or feeders for usetherewith which can be simply and inexpensively constructed, easily cleaned,

and which lends itself to quantityproduction.

It is also an object of "the invention to pro-- vide such a pen and feeder device which may be embodied in various Iformsand styles to fit various needs of the users or of the manufacturer.

Likewise; it is an object to provide such a pen and feeder, which in certain forms may incorpoe rate certain of the advantages. (:asMquick-opening for cleaning) which distinguish previouspatents referred to above.

tion comprises the novel pen and feeder com,-

bination, as shown in various embodiments in the accompanying drawings, and as willbe here- I a V fif -ina'fter more particularly disclosed and defined.

. Figure 1 is a perspective view of such' apen incorporating the principles of this invention, shown in position of use, the construction shown" being a simple and typical one.

With these" and other objects in and, aswill appear as the specification. progresses, my inven- Figure 2 is a plan view of thesamearrange-l ment, Figure 3 is a section on line 3-3 of Figure 2, and Figure 4 is an end view of the same, showing enlargedly the relative positions of parts during transverse flexure of the marking tip.

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 2 of a slightly modified form, and Figure 6 is a longitudinal section on the line 6-6 of Figure 5.

Figure '7 is a plan view, and Figure 8 is a longitudinal section on the line 88 of Figure 7, showing a modified arrangement of the tip, but otherwise similar to Figures 5 and 6, respectively. Figure 9 is a plan view, and Figure 10 is a longitudinal section on the line Ill-I0 of Figure 9, illustrating a further modified form incorporating the invention.

Figure 11 is a plan view, and Figure 12 is a longitudinal section on line |2--|2 of Figure 11, illustrating a, further modification, and Figure 13 is a detail section showing a slight modification over the form just described.

'Figure14 ,is a plan view with the feeders. in openiposition, Figure 15.is. a view from the shank end,1'and Figure 16 is a side elevation of such a pen,incorporating the advantages of the .swingable .feeders shown, for instance, in my prior Patents Nos. 1,877,295 or 2,104,479.

Figure .17 is aplan view, with parts in open position, and Figure 18 is a longitudinal section on theline |8--|8 of Figure 17, with-parts in closed position, showing a further modified form of 'movably mounted feeders.

Figure 19 is a longitudinal section, showing a further modified arrangement incorporating swin'gably mounted feeders.

' The form shown in Figure 1 has been chosen for purposes of illustration because of its sim-' plicity." A pen maybe considered as comprising a'pen body, with its marking tip, and one or more feeders cooperating with the pen body to form anink reservoir or reservoirs. The pen, in this instance,'may be formed of a single piece of sheet metal bent upon itself to define a markin tip'located at the bend, a pen body formed by one 'end of the sheet metal piece, and a feeder, spaced therefrom, formed from the other end of the sheet metal piece. The arrangement shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive is somewhat more complex than that described, but in essence is to formed. For instance, one portion, designated l, forms the penbody. It may be fiat or cupped in any way to a desired shape, and has a shank I ll'formedupon it shaped for reception in the end of a pen holder 9. The marking tip 3 is formed by or at the bend, and may be of any desired radius of curvature and breadth. The remaining portion of the sheet metal piece constitutes the feeder 2, which in this instance is arranged as an overfeeder,'but which might be disposed beneath the pen body as an underfeeder. The feeder may be provided with a tongue 20 complemental to the pen shank l0, and similarly received in the holder 9.

Except as to the broadest aspects of the invention, I wish to emphasize the flexible nature of the pen. This flexibility may be provided in any one of several ways, or by several such ways combined. The sheet metal of which the pen is formed; may be of material which is inherently flexible; it may be so thin that it becomes flexible; it may be divided, by slits or otherwise, into individually flexible parts, constituting a flexible Whole. Not only is the pen body I flexible, but so, too, is the feeder 2, and the two should be correspondingly flexible, so that the feeder will flex in all its parts to follow the flexibility of the pens marking tip.

It is, of course, necessary to arrange for the passage of ink from the interior of the reservoir, formed between the pen body I and the feeder 2, to the outer surface of the marking tip 3. This is conveniently accomplished by providing slits 4 which extend from the marking tip longitudinally of the pen. Preferably these would normally extend lengthwise of the pen body I, as indicated at l2, forming a plurality of fingers, all lying in a common surface when at rest. Preferably these fingers are of considerable longitudinal extent, thereby being made appreciably flexible, each in the direction of its length, and by their relative flexing permitting transverse flexure of the marking tip 3. However, I prefer that the slits also extend, as indicated at 42, lengthwise of the feeder 2, and while not essentially so arranged, I prefer that these slits 42 be arranged in registry with the slits of the pen body, so that the fingers thus defined in the feeder 2 correspond to and register (at the tip) with the fingers of the pen body; thus the two corresponding fingers may flex together, yet in flexing the fingers which cooperate as a pair for controlled supply of ink retain their proper operative relationship, regardless of their own flexure or of the relative flexure of adjacent pairs of fingers.

Nor does this result fiow merely from the integral or connected relationship of the fingers of the pen: body and of the feeder. The result follows whether such fingers of the individual pairs are connected, as in Figures 1 to 4, or are entirely separate, as in Figures 14 to 19, inclusive. The essential thing, when flexibility is achieved by slitting the breadth'of the marking tip, is that the feeder be likewise sufficiently flexible, whether inherentlyor by reason of slits. Flexibility is affected by the gaugeof the metal, its inherent nature or composition, its treatment, the number, breadth, and length of slits, and like factors. The pen body will normally be of such metal that rather narrow and long slits are required. The simplest way of insuring correspondingly adequatefiexibility of the feeder is to slit the feeder lengthwise from its tip, so that the slits in the pen body and in the feeder are in registry. If they register at the marking tip, registry inwardly therefrom'is not so important, so long as divergence from registry does not provoke interference and lessen flexibility. If the feeder is inherently sufficiently flexible, it may not be necessary to' secure registry of the slits even at the marking tip, and indeed, the slits may be omitted altogether from the feeder (as in some cases they may be omitted from the pen body) if its tip is sufficiently flexible to follow the flexure of the pens marking tip, without interference therewith.

In Figure 4 is shown the action which takes place when the marking tip 3 is pressed against the surface S with greater force applied at the edge which is represented at the left in Figure 4: than at the opposite edge, If the pen body, either inherently or by reason of interference with its flexure by a rigid feeder, could not flex, such pressure at'the left in Figure 4 would merely raise the edge of the marking tip which is at the right in that figure, and at some intermediate point the ink would fail to flow by capillary attraction, and the line would thin out. Alternatively, consider that the pens marking tip is sufficiently flexible that the marking tip would flex in sections, in the manner shown in Figure aa'zavoz edge of Figure 4,-thatk edge where pressure is.

the greatest. As a result the feeders-right-hand end would depart so far from the transversely flexed'right-hand end of the pen that the capillarychannel would be unduly broadened, and either the ink: would. retreatfromn this edge to the left, starving. the stroke at theyright-handi edge, or if the'separationv Was sufficiently, great the mass-of the ink. in the reservoir; abovethe rightehandedge ofthemarking tipxmight overflow and. cause a blot at thisright-hand: end; It becomes evident, then,.that it is essential that; if the markingtip flexes, the reservoir. must likewise. flex in all its parts correspondingly; so that there will bemaintained,a1l'the wayacrossthe markingtip, the proper capillary; feeding relationship between the separately'flexible parts of the marking. tip and of the feeder; Only/inthis manner, asis shown in; Figure 4, can uniformity of feed be insured to all partsof the marking tip regardless ofthe fleX-ure of the marking tiprand of the separately'flexible fingers of the-penxin use.

It. willbe noted that the ink reservoir is. of

great breadth but rather thin,atf 1east,.at. its end.

By keeping. the surfaces of the pen body. I. and.

feeder 2 close together for an appreciable distance, there is formed' a thin, capillary channelv which willprevent overflow or unduly rapidflow of ink, but will feed the inkv to' the marking. tip

as rapidly as it can be used up. Preferably the reservoir iswedge-shaped, as viewed from the side, thusgaining in capacity without :loss' of; con.-

trol;. Even if 'it'appears enlarged at the marking:

tip, it. is of capillary dimensions. thereabove,

thereby affordingthe necessary capillary control ofthe feed;

The thickness of themetal, the lengthof the slits, and similar characteristics of the pen and feeder may be so chosen, and the breadth of. the markingtip may be so great, that there might be. a tendency for. the fingersto. flex eachirelative to-enable-it. to be swung into and'out of position. r

This intermediate plate 5 serves a further purpose in that it may cooperate with each of the pen body I and the feeder 2 to form a separate reservoir connected adjacent the marking tip. The spacing betweenthe feeder 2 and thepen body I may be so great, in order to secure adequate ink capacity, that there is danger of the ink running out andblotting, but if sucha large reservoir is divided up into separate smaller com municating wedge-shaped reservoirs the danger of thus running outis considerably lessened.-

For purposes of filling and venting the reservoir, and for the purpose of relieving the stresses during treatment and manufacture .of' the device, the s1its'42 preferably terminate in pierces 43.

The arrangement shown in Figures 5- and-.6 is very similar to that described, except that the auxiliary plate 5 is omitted, and also the tongue- 20 isomitted. This makes avery'simpleform,

and one which is easily cleaned without remover. and; the pen body are: held sufiiciently and g properly spaced iby a dimple. 44.

The arrangement of Figures '7 and 8 is quite similarto that of Figures 5v and 6, respectively.

with the exceptionthat themarking tip, instead of being rounded as intheprevious forms, is angularly bent relatively .to the pen body. This would. have atendency to, make the pen body or thefeeder, if-unslit, even more unyielding in transverseflexure than if. it were straight, yet by the provisionof thelongitudinal slits in each; registeringwith the slits of. the other, the pen body. [and the feeder 2-. are made wholly adequately flexible, notwithstanding the broad tip and the angularity which would otherwise make it stiff: and inflexible.

In the form shown in Figures 9 and. 10 an auxiliary feeder 6 has been; provided by bending the samepieceofimetalthat forms the pen body marking tip, but instead this bend may be opposite themarkingtip, andthe marking tip-may be formed by a cut end ofthe pen body. Such an arrangementis shown in Figures 11 and 12. The bend l3between the pen body I and the feeder 2 is-distant.fromathemarking tip 3. The slits I2 are providedas-before,- and similar slits may be provided in the feeder 2, if desired; but the feeder-2 in this or mother forms may have sufficient inherent flexibility, and the breadth of the fingers: defined by the slits I2 in the pen body, may be so narrow that feeder will follow transverse flexure-of the marking tip 3 without actually slitting the feeder, and that is the intended arrangement in Figures 11' and 12.

These figures illustrate a further modification in that the feeder 2 is apertured, as indicated at 22, distant from the marking tip, and the material-isleft attached adjacent the bend I3, but is extended away from themarkingtip in general prolongation of the pen body I. This piece is shaped toaconstitut'e the shank II]. This does not materially reduce thecapacity of the ink reservoinbut affords anopening for venting the reservoir and: for access of ink to the same in Figure 13is azmodifi'cation of Figure 12 wherein. the feeder tip. does not extend quite to the marking tip 3:. of. the pen, and. the feeder tip is downturned, as indicated at 24, to increase somewhat thecapacityofthe ink reservoir.

In the forms shown and described heretofore the-pen: body and: the feeder have been part of thesame sheet metalpiece. This is not essential, in accordancewith the broad principles of thisinvention, and iniFigures 14 to 19; inclusive, the pen and the feeder. or feeders have been shown asseparately constructed. In so doing, if desired, the feeders may bejof material more flexible; than the pen body.

In-Figures; 14, 15,. and 16 the pen: body I is completewith its shank l0, and is provided. with the slits l2, and intermediate the broad marking tip 3 and the shank Ill it'is provided with upstanding ears I4 whereon may pivot an overfeeder 25. An underfeeder 26 maybe employed with, or as a substitute for, the overfeeder. If used, the underfeeder would normally be pivoted between the concave edges of the shank ID, as is best seen in Figure 15.v The overfeeder 25' is provided with a toe 21, and the underfeeder is provided with a similar toe 28, these cooperating in the manner described in my Patents Nos. 1,877,295 or 2,104,479, previously mentioned. In this manner opening of the one feeder effects opening of the other, and vice versa, andin this manner the ready opening for cleaning, which is a feature of the previous patents mentioned, may

be incorporated in feeders and in a pen arrangement which incorporates the novel features of this invention.

In the arrangement shown the underfeeder 2G is provided with slits 42', which enables its transverse flexibility to follow the transverse flexibility afforded by the slits l2 in the pen body I, but the overfeeder 25 is not similarly slit, reliance being placed on its inherent flexibility, although it may be so slit if preferred.

The arrangement shown in Figure 17 is somewhat similar, save that the'feeders are arranged to be swung aside, swinging about anaxis nor-' mal to the pen shank rather than on a transverse axis. Thus the overfeeder 25', the underfeeder 26', and anauxiliary feeder 56, similar in function to the plate previously described, are

joint opening and closing of these two feeders,"

the auxiliary feeder 5| is free to swing inde- Dendently of the other two, except that in the closed position of the parts. the overfeeder closes down upon the: auxiliary feeder 5| and holds the latter in its operative position.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. A pen body having a broad marking tip,

longitudinally slit, to define a plurality of fingers,

for transverse flexibility; a feeder disposed at one side of the pen, and extending across a material part of the width of the pens tip, in position to constitute anink're'servoir and a capillary channel to feed ink to the tip; said feeder'being characterized in that it has suflicient transversev flexibiity to permit substantially unrestricted transverse flexingof the pens tip, in marking, notwithstanding pressure of the pens fingers thereagainst.

2. A pen body having a broad marking tip, longitudinally and deeply slit for transverse flexibility, a feeder disposed at one side of the pen,

corresponding to the breadth of the marking tip,

and in that the'slits in the feeder and in the pen body are in substantial registry, at the tip, whereby. the tip portions of the corresponding fingers maintain their relative operative positions during marking.

4. A pen body having a broad marking 'tip extending in a direction at an angle to the length of the pen body, said tip and the adjacent body portion having a plurality of longitudinal slits defining a plurality of flexible fingers which normally define continuations of a common surface, a feeder disposed at one side of the pen, in position to define an ink reservoir and an ink-feeding channel to the tip, and similarly slit to define a similar number of registering fingers, each feeder finger contacting and flexing in operative relationship to its corresponding pen finger, to afford proper ink supply thereto notwithstanding transverse flexing of the pens tip and departure of the individual fingers from the common surface, and to restrict, in minimum degree, such transverse flexing of the pens tip.

5. A pen comprising a single piece of metal bent back upon itself to define a pen body having a marking tip, and an ink reservoir terminating at the tip, said piece of metal being longitudinally slit through the tip portion of both the pen body and the reservoir a plurality of times, in registry, to define a. plurality of flexible fingers which afford transverse flexibility to the pen as a whole, without interruption of ink supply to all portions of the tip, during flexing.

6. A pen comprising a single piece of metal bent back upon itself to define a pen body, a cooperating feeder spaced therefrom to constitute an ink reservoir, and, at the bend, a marking tip, said pen having a plurality of slits, in the pen body and in the feeder, running out at the bend, to afford transverse flexibility to the pen as a whole.

7. A pen comprising a single piece of metal bent back upon itself to define a pen body, a marking tip at the bend, and a cooperating feeder spaced from the pen body to constitute an ink reservoir communicating with the marking tip, said pen body and feeder having a plurality of longitudinal slits extending through the marking tip to define a plurality of separately flexible fingers, and a plate insertible between the pen body and feeder, at the marking tip, to limit the extent of relative flexing of said fingers.

8. The combination of claim 7, wherein the plate is mounted to swing, about an axis normal to the general plane of the metal piece, into and from its operative position, wherein it is interposed between the pen body and the feeder.

9. A pen comprising a single piece of sheet metal formed at one end only to define a supporting shank, and bent to lie in three adjacent planes to define, respectively, a pen body having a marking tip, an ink reservoir closely adjacent the, pen body and communicating with the marking tip, and an auxiliary feeder likewise communicating with the marking tip.

10. A pen comprising a single piece of sheet metal formed at one end only to define a supporting shank, and bent to lie in three adjacent planes to define, respectively, a pen body having a marking tip, an ink reservoir closely adjacent the pen body and communicating with the marking tip, and an auxiliary feeder likewise communicating with the marking tip, said pen body being longitudinally slit, through the marking tip, for transverse flexibility.

11. A pen comprising a single piece of metal bent back upon itself to define a pen body, a marking tip at the bend, and a cooperating feeder spaced from the pen body to constitute an ink reservoir communicating with the marking tip, said metal piece being further bent back upon itself, distant from the marking tip, to define an auxiliary feeder, terminating adjacent the tip.

12. A pen comprising a single piece of metal bent back upon itself to define a pen body, a marking tip at the bend, and a cooperating feeder spaced from the pen body to constitute an ink reservoir communicating with'the marking tip, said metal piece being further bent back upon itself, distant from the marking tip, to define an auxiliary feeder, terminating adjacent the tip, said elements being longitudinally slit, from their tip ends inwardly, to form a plurality of flexible fingers.

13. A pen comprising a pen body terminating in a broad marking tip having a plurality of longitudinal slits defining a plurality of separately flexible fingers, and a feeder mounted upon the pen body for movement between an operative position, wherein it lies close to the pen body and downward to the tip to define an ink reservoir, and an inoperative position, said feeder likewise having a plurality of longitudinal slits extending from its tip upwardly to define a plurality of separately flexible fingers.

14. A pen comprising a pen body of flexible material terminating in a broad marking tip having a plurality of longitudinal slits defining a plurality of separately flexible fingers, an underfeeder and an overfeeder each mounted upon the pen body for movement between an operative position, wherein it lies close to the pen body and extends downward towards the marking tip to define ink reservoirs which communicate with the marking tip by way. of such slits, and an inoperative position wherein the feeders are each accessible for cleaning, each of said feeders being formed with a broad tip having suffioient transverse flexibility, to permit material transverse flexing of the marking tip.

15. A pen comprising a pen body of flexible material terminating in a broad marking tip having a plurality of longitudinal slits defining a plurality of separately flexible fingers, an underfeeder and an overfeeder each mounted upon the pen body for movement between an operaative position, wherein it lies close to the pen body and extends downward towards the marking tip to define ink reservoirs which communicate with the marking tip by way of such slits, and an inoperative position wherein the feeders are each accessible for cleaning, each of said feeders being formed with a broad tip having sufficient transverse flexibility to permit mate- ,rial' transverse flexing of the marking tip, and

an auxiliary feeder interposed between the pen body and one of said other feeders, and movable with its adjacent feeder between similar operative and inoperative positions, the auxiliary feeder likewise being transversely flexible in its tip portion, to permit flexing of the marking tip. 16. A pen comprising a sheet of metal bent upon itself to define a pen body terminating in a broad marking tip, and an adjacent feeder the tip whereof terminates adjacent the marking tip, to define an ink reservoir, the feeder being apertured from the bend towards its tip to define a pen shank attached at the bend to the pen body, said shank extending generally in prolongation of the pen body, beyond the bend, for the support of the pen.

17. A pen comprising, in combination, a supporting pen body terminating in a marking tip having a plurality of longitudinal slits defining a plurality of separately flexible fingers, a separate feeder movably mounted upon the pen body to move between an inoperative position, separated from the marking tip, and an operative position, adjacent the marking tip, and an auxiliary feeder likewise movably mounted upon the pen body for similar movement between operative and inoperative positions, at least one of said feeders being longitudinally slit to define a plurality of separately flexible fingers which, in operative position, register with and restrain to a minimum degree the flexibility of the fingers of the marking tip.

18. A marking pen comprising a longitudinally and transversely flexible pen body formed with a broad marking tip, and a feeder operatively disposed, relatively to the pen body, to define an ink reservoir of a breadth substantially corresponding to the breadth of the marking tip, and of capillary thickness adjacent the marking tip, the feeder having sufiicient transverse and longitudinal flexibility to flex with the pen body, and

to maintain its operative relationship to the pen body during flexing of the latter.

19. A marking pen comprising a pen body terminating in a broad marking tip, and feeder means of corresponding breadth, at the tip, operatively disposed, relatively to the pen body, to define one or more wedge-shaped ink reservoirs of appreciable breadth, terminating at the marking tip.

20.A marking pen comprising a pen body of appreciable breadth throughout, and terminating in a broad marking tip, and feeder means of like breadth, operatively disposed, relatively to the pen body, to define a broad ink reservoir of breadth corresponding to the pen bodys breadth, and of gradually increasing thickness from the marking tip upwardly.

. 21. A pen comprising a piece of flexible material formed to lie in three adjacent planes to define between them two ink reservoirs, and terminating in a broad marking tip having material transverse and longitudinal flexibility, the material being perforated to conduct ink from the reservoirs to the marking tip.

22. A pen comprising a piece of flexible material formed to lie in adjacent planes to define between them an ink reservoir, and terminating in a broad marking tip having material transverse and longitudinal flexibility, the material being perforated or slit to conduct ink from the reservoir to the marking tip.

ROSS F. GEORGE.