US2271584A - Wall construction - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 3, 1942. R. FELLOM WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed April 17, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Fay fie/A907 BY H a: ATTORNEYS Feb. 3, 1942.

R. FELLOM 2,271,584

WALL cousmucnou Filed April 17, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 -J'. --1E Q INVENTOR Pay Fe//am BY WW ATTORNEYS Patented Feb. 3, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,271,584 WALL CONSTRUCTION Roy Fellom, San Francisco, Calif.

Application 6 Claims.

This invention relates to wall construction, and has for its principal object the provision of improved means and construction for rapidly forming walls, partitions, roofs, floors, ceilings, and the like, using standard structural steel for framework and pre-fabricated covering material for covering the frame-work and for being sup ported by the latter. Another object is the provision of pre-fabricated slabs of concrete, or the like, provided with improved means for quickly securing the slabs against structural steel members of standard form such as T, H, Z, channel, or angle iron or to plain strips of metal, and another object is wall construction providing for the attachment of concrete slabs or tile to one side of a structural steel framework and wall board or concrete slabs to the opposite side of such framework for forming hollow walls, or the like. Other objects and advantages will appear in the specification and drawings annexed hereto.

In the drawings, Fig. l is a perspective view, partly in section and partly broken away, showing one form of wall construction in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary elevational view showing one means for attaching my improved concrete slabs to standard structural steel.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view of two channels with my concrete slabs in place and means for securing wall board in place to form one side of a wall.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing still further form of structural steel supporting a double wall of concrete slabs.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view showing roof construction incorporating my invention.

. Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken through a corner of a building showing another form of the invention.

Fig. 'I is a perspective view of one of the removable clamp elements shown in Fig. 2.

In detail, referring to Fig. 1, the structural steel forming the studding is of T-iron, with the outer surfaces of flanges I of the studs of each wall facing outwardly and the legs 2 projecting inwardly. The slabs 3, forming the outer wall are preferably of rectangular shape, and are adapted to be disposed with their opposite margins overlying the adjacent flanges of adjacent studs. The slabs are placed in vertical and horizontal rows with the adjacent edges of the pairs of adjacent vertically and horizontally disposed studs being coated with waterproof, rad- April 17, 1939, Serial Nolzsaziv hesive, plastic material 4 to secure the slabs together.

Adjacent each of the aforesaid opposite margins, each slab is provided with one or more hook-like elements, generally designated 5, in the form of a short strip of metal bent intermediate its ends at right angles to form right angle legs. One leg 6 of each of said elements extends into the side of the slab against flanges I, perpendicularly relative to the plane of said slab, and which leg terminates at its end short of the opposite side of the slab. The other leg 1 is spaced outwardly of the slab and extends toward the flange adjacent thereto, thus forming one of the flanges I,

the hook-like portion of the element. Thus at each opposite margin of each slab that overlies said legs I and the side of the slab over which said legs extend, are spaced apart to form a space opening outwardly toward the flange adjacent thereto.

In order to secure the slabs against the studs, I provide a wedge member generally designated 8. Each of the members 8 is in the form of a strip of metal adapted to slide vertically into the space between the leg 1 of element 5 and slab 3, with part of the member 8 projecting outwardly and overlying the adjacent flange I. To accomplish this result with the minimum strain on elements 5, each member 8 is in the form of a metal strip bent at 9, intermediate its end portions, so as to offset the end portions, but to maintain said end portions in substantially parallel planes. The spaces between legs 1 and the slab are about the thickness of flanges I, and the members 8 are of a thickness about equal to the thickness of flanges I, hence, when the wedge members are in position, one end ID of each member is in frictional engagement between the leg I and slab and the opposite end II overlies the rear side of flange I adjacent said 1eg,with the bend 9 of the member extending across the edge of they flange that lies beneath said member. The wedge action is produced by bending the upper corner I2 of end II out of the general plane of said end and toward the plane in which end I0 is disposed. Hence, upon initially positioning the member 8 above the element 5 with the end II engaging flange I, the upper margin of member 8 projects a slightly greater distance outwardly of the flange I and inner surface of slab 3, than the lower edge of said member. As the member is forced downwardly so that end I0 passes into the space between leg I and the slab, there is a tightening of the ends III, II against leg 'I and flange I, resulting in the memangle iron strips of each the bottoms I8 of the channels, the woodenstrip her 8 tightly drawing the slab against the outer side of the stud.

To align the slabs relative to the studs and to prevent accidental falling of the members 9 from their positions holding the slab against the studs, I imbed pins or staples I3 in the slabs along each opposite margin thereof positioned adjacent and below each of the members 8, when said latter members are in position. One of the ends of the pins I3 projects outwardly of the inner surface of the slab carrying the same, and said pins are spaced opposite substantially the distance between the adjacent edges of the adjacent flanges of each pair of studs. Thus the pins substantially engage said flanges, aligning the slabs, vertically, on each pair of studs, and said pins will engage the lower edges of the members 8 should the latter tend to drop freely from slab supporting position clear of the elements I.

The leg 6 of each element 5 is preferably formed with a relatively large opening I4 therein through which the concrete or material'of the slab will run when the slab is being formed, and after the slab has hardened, the leg 6 of each element 5 will be securely locked in the slab against removal therefrom.

After the slabs are positioned against the-studding to form the wall, floor or ceiling, the inner sides may be coated with a conventional, plastic paint, which, upon hardening, will tend to prevent any possible loosening of the wedge elements 8, and will also prevent passage of moisture through the concrete slabs.

Where desirable to finish the inner side of the wall formed by the studding and slabs 3, I may bolt wooden strips iron, which strips project outwardly and inwardly of the T-iron. Wall board I6, or the like, is then nailed to the strips I5 to form the inner side of the wall, or room walls, where the slabs 3 form the outside of the building.

In forming vertical Walls and partitions, in-

stead of using T-iron at the corners, I may use angle-iron instead. The angle iron strip I6 at the corner, is positioned with the right angle flanges planar with the flanges I of the T-iron, and these flanges of the angle iron are engaged by the wedge elements 8 in the same manner as the latter are used to connect the slabs to the T- iron.

In Fig. 13 the use of a pair of channels with a wooden strip I5 clamped by bolts "between the bottoms I8 of said channels, is shown in place of the T-iron and strip I5. One of the sides I9 of the channels is utilized for engagement by the ends I of the members 8 in the same manner as described where T-iron is used, and obviously the channels may be substituted by"- pairs of angle iron strips in which one of the sides of such strips corresponds with the sides I9 of the channel strips, and the other sides of the respective pair corresponds with being secured between said other sides.

In Fig. 4, instead of T-iron, I show the use of I or H -iron, in which the flanges 20 at the ends of the connecting web 2| serve the function of the flanges I of the T-iron. Thus the slabs 3 may be secured to the flanges 20 at opposite ends of web 2! to provide a double said slabs.

In Fig. 5, the rafters 22 are of T-iron construction with the flanges uppermost and the slabs 3' laidthereon with their undersides carrying the hook elementsS. The adjacent edges of I onto the legs 2 of the T- wall made up of with one of the sides of said flanges;

the slabs, below the gable or ridge, in this instance are beveled at 23, to provide for better drainage at the joints, and to provide wider sealing surfaces. At the ridge, the adjacent respectively positioned slabs at opposite sides of the apex are formed along the apex to interlock, to prevent leakage, one of the slabs being formed with an extension 24 adapted to seat within a corresponding recess on the other slab.

The rafters 22 are secured together at the ridge by a horizontal angle iron strip 25 bolted to the legs 2 of the T-iron by brackets 26.

Fig. 6 in many instances is the preferred form of clamping device, for use in clamping the slabs in position. In this showing, the slabs 3' carry bolts 21 with their heads 28 imbedded in the slabs in about the positions of the ends 1 of the hook elements shown in the other views. The threaded ends of the bolts project outwardly of the inner sides of the slabs, and straps 29 are apertured intermediate their ends for passing said threaded ends. When the slabs are positioned against flanges I of the T-iron or the flanges of the other forms of structural steel as described, the straps are slipped onto the bolts with one end of each strap engaging the inner side of the flange I adjacent thereto and the other end of the strap engages the inner side of the slab. The strap is preferably somewhat resilient, and bowed with its convex side out, so that upon tightening nut 30 on each bolt, the strap will tightly engage the flange I and will tightly draw the slab against the outer side of such flange.

In Fig. 6 the corner construction is shown, in which the corner angle strip I6 is engaged by the straps 29.

The advantage of this form of the invention'is that the clamping straps are secured to the slabs against removal therefrom, and cannot be dislodged.

The use of the terms wall and wall construction is not necessarily to be restricted to allel, spaced, structural steel frame members each provided with a flange extending longitudinally thereof and the said flanges of the pair being spaced apart and co-planar with their free longitudinal edges facing each other; a vertically positioned, substantially rectangular wall-forming slab positioned with two of its opposite marginal portions on one side thereof in engagement wedge members movable relative to said slabs in direction longitudinally of said flanges, securing said portions tightly against said flanges; and means on said-slabs extending over said wedge members and slidably engaged by said wedge members supporting-said wedge members against said flanges for said movement.

2. In a construction as defined in claim 1,

means securing said wedge members against movement transversely of said flanges.

-3. Ina construction as defined in claim 1,- said wedge members being releasable from under said last mentioned means upon upward movement of the wedge members longitudinally of said flanges relative thereto, means securing said wedgemembers against horizontal displacement relative to said flanges when said wedge members are under the aforesaid-last mentioned means and'said last-mentioned means being free from obstruction to passage of said wedge members upwardly from under the same when said wedge members are moved upwardly relative thereto.

4. In wall construction; an elongated frame member having a flange extending longitudinally thereof; a pre-formed slab having a rear face with one of the margins of said rear face against one side of said flange; an angle clip member adjacent said flange with one leg anchored in the slab, and the other leg extending outwardly toward the longitudinally extending free edge of said flange; wedge means slidable longitudinally of said flange and clamped between the said outer leg of said angle clip member and the rear face of said slab and in turn engaging the said flange of said frame member to anchor said slab thereto.

5. In wall construction; an elongated frame member having a flange extending longitudinally thereof; a pre-formed rectangular slab having a rear face with one margin of said rear face along one edge of the slab positioned against one side of said flange; a clip member'adjacent said margin anchored in said slab and projecting from said rear face; said clip member being formed with an extension in opposed spaced relation to said rear side and extending at right angles to said flange providing a space between such extension and said rear face; wedge means slidable longitudinally of said flange and clamped between said extension and the rear face of said slab and in turn engaging the said flange of said frame members to anchor said slab thereto.

6. In Wall construction; a pair of spaced, parallel, elongated frame members in side by side relation and each having a flange extending longitudinally thereof on their adjacent sides; a pre-formed, rectangular slab having a rear face with two opposite margins of said slab along two opposite edges thereof positioned against one side of each of said flanges; a plurality of clip members adjacent each of said margins anchored in said slab and projecting from said rear face; each of said clip members being formed with an extension in opposed, spaced relation to said rear side and extending substantially at right angles to saidflanges providing a space between each extension and said rear face; separate wedge means for each of said clip members slidable longitudinally of said flanges and clamped between each extension and the rear face of said slab and in turn engaging the flange nearest thereto to anchor said slab thereto.

ROY FELLOM.

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