US2270401A - Radio beacon shielding arrangement - Google Patents

Radio beacon shielding arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US2270401A
US2270401A US300167A US30016739A US2270401A US 2270401 A US2270401 A US 2270401A US 300167 A US300167 A US 300167A US 30016739 A US30016739 A US 30016739A US 2270401 A US2270401 A US 2270401A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
antennae
beacon
conductors
wavelength
radio beacon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US300167A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alford Andrew
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INTERNAT TELEPHONE DEV CO Inc
INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE DEVELOPMENT Co Inc
Original Assignee
INTERNAT TELEPHONE DEV CO Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE474310D priority Critical patent/BE474310A/xx
Application filed by INTERNAT TELEPHONE DEV CO Inc filed Critical INTERNAT TELEPHONE DEV CO Inc
Priority to US300167A priority patent/US2270401A/en
Priority to GB13289/40A priority patent/GB563075A/en
Priority to FR868229D priority patent/FR868229A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2270401A publication Critical patent/US2270401A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/04—Details
    • G01S3/08—Means for reducing polarisation errors, e.g. by use of Adcock or spaced loop antenna systems
    • G01S3/085—Means for reducing polarisation errors, e.g. by use of Adcock or spaced loop antenna systems by using spaced loop aerial systems

Definitions

  • My invention relates to radio guiding beacons and more particularly to improvements in radio guiding beacons for producing four indicating conditions for guiding airplanes along four courses.
  • beacons suffer from the difficulty that vertically polarized energy is subject to a great many distortions, particularly due to reradiation from objects in the field of the transmitter. This difficulty is greatly increased as shorter wavelengths are used, since then many other objects which are insignificant in afiecting the waves at the lower frequencies become material in the field of the short wave radiations.
  • I provide a beacon arrangement utilizing antennae designed for transmission of substantially purely horizontally polarized waves, thus avoiding distortions due to vertical objects in the field of radiation.
  • I avoid largely the difficulties of distortions due to objects in the immediate field of the transmitter by providing a conductor shield or counterpoise spaced above the earths surface and arranged beneath the radiators of the beacon system.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a wiring diagram of the beacon system in accordance with my invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates in perspective the structural arrangement of the beacon system and counterpoise in accordance with my invention.
  • each of these antennae is made so as to produce substantially pure horizontal polarization of the radiated waves. Accordingly, I have illustrated each of these antennae as the type wherein each radiator comprises four radiating conductors I, 2, 3 and 4, the oppositely arranged conductors I and 3, and 2 and 4, being energized in phase opposition.
  • the overall length of each of the conductors is made substantially equal to one-half of the operating wavelength measured from the center of the antennae unit to the ends of the inturned conductors.
  • the radiating portion of these conductors are relatively short with respect to a wavelength of the energy produced so that a substantially uniform energization of the radiating portions of the conductors takes place.
  • the antennae IOI. I03 are interconnected by transmission line I01, a phase shift of being provided at I08, e. g. by a transposition.
  • Transmission line I0! is connected by means of line I05 to terminal apparatus adjacent the transmitter I I0.
  • These antennae are preferably spaced apart at their centers a distance substantially one-half the operating wavelength. When these antennae are connected to the source IIO, they are energized in phase opposition because of the transposition provided at I08. Consequently a radiation pattern substantially in the form of a figure 8 will be produced thereby.
  • Antennae I02, I04 are similarly connected over transmission lines I05. I09, to a point adjacent transmitter IIO These antennae are likewise spaced apart, preferably a distance equal to onehalf the operating wavelength so that they will form also a figure 8 pattern. The two figure 8 patterns overlap so that four guide lines are provided wherein the signals from two of the adjacent antennae will be equal, so that a course may be defined leading to the beacon transmitter.
  • Antennae IOI, I03 and I02, I04 are alternately connected to transmitter source H0 by means of switch III operated in alternate fashion by keying means II2.
  • This keying means may, if desired, produce the known type of interlocking signal commonly called the AN signals. Any other desired type of keying signal may be utilized preferably interlocking, however.
  • any desired type of switch such as a commutator switching arrangement or a rotatable cam system may be used.
  • the antenna arrangement must have sides which are less than half a wavelength in length, otherwise it would not be possible to arrange four antennae independently energized in such a fashion.
  • I provide a beacon arrangement spaced at a vertical height above the earths surface and arranged beneath the antennae a metallic conductor sheet or counterpoise, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • a metallic conductor sheet or counterpoise As shown in Fig. 2.
  • four antennae forming the beacon are shown at Illl, I02, I03, and 684 arranged above a conductor sheet 2H].
  • the shields for these conductors are preferably extended through conductor sheet 2H3 up to the antennae. Cross connections between the antennae are necessary in order that they may be energized.
  • connection are shown between antennae sea, H13 at 281, and between antennae I02, [04 at 2538. Between these cross connections and the antennae radiators is arranged conducting sheet or counterpoise 259. This sheet is preferably spaced from the earths surface a distance equal to a wavelength or more of the radiated energy and is preferably arranged a distance in the neighborhood of half a wavelength below the radiating antennae themselves. In a practical construction of this arrangement, the spacing of the antenna was made equal to ⁇ /26".
  • the arrangement of the cross conductors 201, 258 beneath the counterpoise prevents the radiated energy from the antennae from reaching these horizontal leads and being reradiated therefrom so as to cause interferences in the beacon pattern, and also serves as a shield for the leads 2
  • the counterpoise or conducting sheet 2 is not critical as to size, but should preferably be made sufiiciently large so as to provide a shield for the radiated energy at a substantial distance on all sides of the beacon radiators. Accordingly, the sheet should be as large as convenient construction permits and in any case should be greater than a wavelength in the direction of the antennae spacings. It is evident that the larger the shielding counterpoise the smaller will be the angle of radiation downwardly toward the earth and consequently the greater the distance at which the shield Will protect the beacon from influences of objects adjacent the transmitter.
  • the radiating system comprises antennae designed for the transmission of substantially purely horizontally polarized waves.
  • a four course radio beacon comprising two pairs of radiators, each radiator being designed to radiate substantially pure horizontally polarized waves, said radiators being arranged at the corners of a square the diagonal of which is substantially a half wavelength long at the operating frequency, shielded transmission lines connected respectively to diagonally arranged ones of said antennae, a source of radio frequency energy, means for alternately connecting said source to said respective transmission lines, to alternately energize said diagonally arranged antennae, whereby intersecting radiation patterns of horizontally polarized energy are produced and conductive means arranged beneath said radiator pairs and spaced from the surface of the earth.
  • a four course radio beacon comprising two pairs of radiators, each radiator being designed to radiate substantially pure horizontally polarized waves and comprising four radiating conductors arranged in the form of a square, each of said conductors being sent over at one end along the diagonal of said square, and connected together with diagonally arranged transposed conductors at their opposite ends, said radiators being arranged at the corners of a square the diagonal of which is substantially a half 7 wavelength long at the operating frequency, shielded transmission lines connected respectively to diagonally arranged ones of said antennae, a source of radio frequency energy, and means for alternately connecting said source to said respective transmission lines, to alternately energize said diagonally arranged antennae, whereby intersecting radiation patterns of horizontally polarized energy are produced.
  • a four course radio beacon comprising two pairs of radiators, each radiator being designed to radiate substantially pure horizontally polarized waves and each comprising four radiating conductors arranged in the form of a square, the radiating portion of each said conductor being less than a quarter of a wavelength long, each conductor having an overall length of substantially one-half a wavelength at the operating frequency, said radiators being arranged at the corners of a square the diagonal of which is substantially a half wavelength long at the operating frequency, shielded transmission lines connected respectively to diagonally arranged ones of said antennae, a source of radio frequency energy, and means for alternately connecting said source to said respective transmission lines, to alternately energize said diagonally arranged antennae, whereby intersecting radiation patterns of horizontally polarized energy are produced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
US300167A 1939-10-19 1939-10-19 Radio beacon shielding arrangement Expired - Lifetime US2270401A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE474310D BE474310A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1939-10-19
US300167A US2270401A (en) 1939-10-19 1939-10-19 Radio beacon shielding arrangement
GB13289/40A GB563075A (en) 1939-10-19 1940-08-21 Improvements in radio beacons
FR868229D FR868229A (fr) 1939-10-19 1940-12-20 Systèmes de radio-guidage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US300167A US2270401A (en) 1939-10-19 1939-10-19 Radio beacon shielding arrangement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2270401A true US2270401A (en) 1942-01-20

Family

ID=23157992

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US300167A Expired - Lifetime US2270401A (en) 1939-10-19 1939-10-19 Radio beacon shielding arrangement

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2270401A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE474310A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR868229A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB563075A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2541040A (en) * 1946-02-05 1951-02-13 Fed Telecomm Lab Inc Radio range beacon

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2541040A (en) * 1946-02-05 1951-02-13 Fed Telecomm Lab Inc Radio range beacon

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE474310A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR868229A (fr) 1941-12-24
GB563075A (en) 1944-07-28

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