US2268356A - Method and apparatus for producing power - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 30, 1941'. E. 'r. TURNER METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING POWER Filed Mardh 6, 1939 2 Sheets-Stieet 1 m vo's r 36/01 VlJdlA/ll E. T. TURNER METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING POWER Filed March 6, 1959 2 She ets-Sheet 2 Dec. 30, 1941.

Patented Dec. 30, 1941 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING POWER Edward T. Turner, Dayton, Ohio Application March 6, 1939, Serial No. 259,982

20 Claims.

plant and will thus reduce the amount of steam required to produce a given amount of power and thereby reduce fuel consumption.

A further object of the invention is to provide a simple and eificient method and apparatus for preheating feed water and imparting thereto a high pressure which will enable it to enter a boiler against boiler pressure.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for adiabatically compressing a mixture of the exhaust steam and feed water, raising the temperature of the mixture during the period of compression, and simultaneously condensing steam in the mixture, thereby utilizing heat of the exhaust steam which would otherwise go to waste in the condenser.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for effecting a steam power cycle which will approach the Carnot cycle in efliciency.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for effecting the compression of a mixture of steam and feed water without the use of moving parts.

Other objects of the invention may appear as the apparatus is described in detail.

In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the device for mixing low pressure steam with water and compressing said mixture; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view through the feed water injector; and Figs. 4 and 5 are temperature entropy diagrams.

In the ordinary steam plant only a relatively small part of the energy of the steam is utilized in the production of power, a large part of this energy being lost. For the purpose of utilizing a larger part of the energy of the steam I have devised a method whereby steam exhausted from a power unit is mixed with feed water and the mixture compressed to impart high pressure thereto, to condense the steam therein and impart high temperature to the mixture, the feed water being then converted into steam at said high pressure and returned to the power unit, and a portion of the exhaust steam being separated from the mixture, prior to the compression thereof, and if desired utilized to operate a second power unit.

In its preferred form my method comprise introducing steam from a steam generator, such as a boiler, into a high pressure power unit, expanding the steam in said power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a relatively low pressure. This expansion is preferably effected adiabatically but this is not essential. This low pressure steam is then slightly expanded and mixed with feed water and the steam in said mixture is then further expanded to impart additional velocity energy to the mixture. While the mixture is thus moving at high velocity a portion of the steam is separated from the mixture and the remaining portion of the mixture, that is, the feed Water and the unseparated steam, is compressed to a pressure sufiicient to enable the same to enter the steam boiler and during its compression the steam entrained in said feed water is condensed and its heat transferred to the feed water, thereby raising the feed water to a high temperature prior to its introduction into the boiler. Preferably the separated portion of the steam is further utilized and for this purpose it may be compressed adiabatically to a pressure preferably approaching the initial pressure of the low pressure steam and delivered to a low pressure power unit in which it is expanded to a very low pressure and is then condensed at said low pressure, and, if desired, the condensate may be utilized as the feed water and mixed with the first mentioned portion of the low pressure steam.

While the foregoing method and the apparatus for performing the same are designed primarily for converting water into steam and utilizing the steam, the use of steam is not essential and various elastic fluids may be substituted therefor. Therefore the term steam as herein used is intended to include any such elastic fluid.

The apparatus for performing the method may take various forms and the particular apparatus here illustrated comprises a high pressure power unit Ill and a low pressure power unit I I. The terms high pressure and low pressure are here used merely to designate the difference in pressure at which the two power units operate and the power units may be operated at any desired pressure so long as one operates at a lower pressure than the other. The high pressure power unit In is connected by a pipe l2 with a steam generator, such as a boiler 13, and the steam which is delivered from the boiler to the power unit ,at high pressure is expanded through the power unit and is exhausted therefrom through an exhaust conduit 14. The exhaust nular passageway constituting a mixing chamber as shown at I1. structure at said larger end thereof is a head I8 having an opening I9 which is connected at one end with the exhaust conduit I4 and communicates at its other end with the mixing chamber H. The larger end of the core I6 extends into this opening I9 and is tapered, as shown at 20, to provide between the same and the wall of the opening I9 an annular tapered passageway 2I which constitutes the steam inlet for the mixing chamber IT. A cross bar 22 secured to the head I8 is connected with and constitutes a support for the core I6. The head I8 is provided with an annular channel 23 which is connected by a pipe 24 with a source of supply for feed water. This annular channel is connected with the mixing chamber by a passageway 25 which constitutes a feed water inlet for the mixing chamber and preferably is annular in form and extends entirely about the steam inlet 2|.

The steam inlet 2I is so shaped that the low pressure steam passing through the same will be slightly expanded to impart velocity energy thereto, so that, the incoming steam will carry feed water with it into and through the mixing chamber IT, in which the steam and feed water are intimately mixed. That portion of the annular passageway, through the tubular structure I5, which lies just beyond the mixing chamber I1 is shaped to provide an expansion nozzle 26 in which the steam in the mixture of steam and water is expanded to impart a high velocity to the mixture. The mixture at this high velocity is discharged from the expansion nozzle through a directing chamber 21 which is arranged to direct the mixture of steam and water along and in contact with the tapered surface of the core I6 and that portion of the annular passageway in the tubular structure which lies beyond the directing chamber is enlarged, as shown at 28, to form a separating chamber. As the mixture of steam and water moves along the tapered surface of the core the mixture is compressed to a more compact form which results in a portion of the steam being squeezed out of the mixture and discharged laterally into the separating cham- Connected with said tubular ent instance this compression nozzle communicates with and is supported by a pipe 30 which leads to the boiler I3. As the mixture of steam and water passes through the compression nozzle it is adiabatically compressed and the velocity energy of the mixture converted into pressure energy and at the same time the steam which is contained in the mixture is condensed and the water heated to a high temperature, The pressure thus imparted to the feed water, which now includes the condensed steam, is sufiicient to deliver the feed water through the pipe 30 into the boiler, against boiler pressure, thus the feed wanozzle the steam in the mixture may be fully conber 28, so that the separated steam moves along H The mixture of steam and feed Water passes beyond the small end of the core I6 into a compression nozzle 29. As here shown, the compression nozzle is separate from the passageway through the tubular separator I5 and is mounted in the smaller end portion of that passageway and spaced from the walls thereof. In the presdensed at a pressure somewhat below boiler pressure. When this is done it will usually be desirable to further heat the feed water by the application of external heat, as by a heater 30a. However, it may be desirable to effect condensation at a pressure below boiler pressure under some circumstances, such as when external heat is available for the purpose at low cost,

The steam which is separated from the mixture in the tubular structure may be discharged to waste or utilized in any desired manner. In the present apparatus the space between the compression nozzle I9 and the wall of the tubular structure I5 is shaped to form a steam compression chamber 3| which receives the separated steam from the separating chamber at high velocity and compresses the same adiabatically to a pressure which preferably approximates the pressure at which the low pressure steam is exhausted from the high pressure turbine. The separated steam at this pressure is delivered from the compression chamber into a. discharge chamber 32 from which it passes through a conduit 33 to the low pressure turbine I I' in which it is expanded adiabatically to a very low pressure and is exhausted through a conduit 34 to a condenser 35. The condensate may be withdrawn from the condenser and delivered to the mixing chamber H, as feed water, at substantially condenser temperature.

The condensate may be transferred from the condenser to the mixing chamber in any suitable manner but I prefer to employ an injector for this purpose and to actuate the injector by steam withdrawn from the exhaust conduit I4. For this purpose I have provided an injector 31, connected by a pipe 38 with the condenser 35, and a compression nozzle 39 which is connected bythe feed water supply pipe 24 with the annular channel 23 in the head I8. Extending into the mixing chamber 31 of the injector is an expansion nozzle 40 which is connected by a pipe M with the exhaust conduit I4 in advance of the mixing chamber. The pipe 4| is of small capacity so that a small portion only of the low pressure steam is withdrawn from the exhaust conduit. As this steam passes through the expansion nozzle 40 its pressure energy is converted into velocity energy which serves to draw the condensate from the condenser 35 into the mixing chamber 31 and to there mix the same with the steam. This mixture is then discharged into the compression nozzle 39 where its velocity energy is converted into pressure energy and the mixture of steam and condensate, or feed water, is delivered through the pipe 24 and channel 23 to the mixing chamber IT.

The amount of feed water required by the boiler will fluctuate under different conditions of operation, such as variations in the load imposed upon the power elements, and when the flow of feed water through the tubular structure I5 is reduced the quantity of steam condensed in the steam compression nozzle 29 is also reduced and as a result the steam pressure in the separating chamber 28 will tend to rise and may reach a pressure which will interfere with the proper functioning of the apparatus. To avoid this and to maintain an approximately uniform pressure in the separating chamber I have provided means controlled by the pressure in the separating chamber to by-pass a portion of the low pressure steam from the exhaust conduit 14 directly to the conduit 33 through which the separated steam is discharged from the tubular structure l5 and which in the present instance leads to the low pressure power unit. As here shown, this bypass comprises a conduit 42 which is provided with a valve 43 to control the flow of steam through the same. The valve is actuated by a lever 44 connected at one end with the stem 45 of the valve and at its other end with a bellows 46 which is connected by a pipe 41 with the separating chamber 28, the arrangement being such that when the pressure in .the separating chamber rises to an objectionable extent this pressure will act upon the bellows 46 to open the valve 43 and thus by-pass a portion of the steam sufficient to maintain the steam in the separating chamber at the desired pressure.

As will be apparent from the foregoing description a large part of the heat and pressure energies of the exhaust steam, which is discharged from the high pressure power unit, is utilized, a portion of this steam serving to heat and impart high pressure to the feed water, and another portion of this steam serving to operate the low pressure power unit, after which it may be con densed and the condensate utilized as the feed water which is delivered to the mixing chamber and mixed with the first mentioned portion of the low pressure steam. Ihus the heat of a portion of the steam exhausted from the high pressure power unit is retained in the compressed mixture of steam and feed water instead of being dissipated in the condenser as is customary and as a result the amount of steam and therefore the amount of fuel required to produce a given amount of power is substantially reduced, with a sented by the area ace a and the waste energy 5i is represented by the area afgia. The useful energy derived from the use of the present apparatus is represented by the area cefbc while the Waste energy resulting from the use of this apparatus is represented by the area bfghb. The

efficiency of the apparatus is indicated by the ratio of the useful area to the total area, that is, the sum of the useful and waste areas, and it will be noted that the ratio of the useful area to the wasted area resulting from the use of the present apparatus is much larger than the ratio of the useful energy to the wasted energy in the ordinary apparatus, thus clearly indicating materially increased efficiency in the present apparatus.

The diagram of Fig. 4 assumes that the steam is not fully condensed in the mixture until the mixture is compressed to boiler pressure. When the condensation of the steam is effected at a pressure somewhat below boiler pressure the diagram is modified, as shown in Fig. 5. There the useful area of the ordinary steam plant is represented by the area acc'efa and the wasted energy is represented by the area afgia. The useful energy derived from the present apparatus under the conditions last named is represented by the area cc'efbc and the wasted energy is represented by the area bfghb. And again it will be noted that the ratio of useful energy to wasted energy is much greater in the present apparatus than it is in the. ordinary steam plant.

While I have described my preferred method and have shown and described one form of apparatus for performing that method I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to the details thereof as various modifications may occur to a person skilled in the art.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A method of producing power which comprises expanding high pressure steam through a power unit to a lower pressure, mixing said steam at said lower pressure with feed water and expanding the steam to impart velocity energy to said mixture of steam and, water, separating a portion only of said steam from said mixture at high velocity, separately utilizing said separated steam, compressing the remainder of said mixture to convert velocity energy thereof into pressure energy and to condense the steam which is entrained in said feed Water, converting the mixture of feed water and condensed steam into high pressure steam, and utilizing said high pressure steam.

2. A method of producing power which cornprises expanding high pressure steam through a power unit to a lower pressure, mixing said steam at said lower pressure with feed water and expanding said steam to impart velocity energy to said mixture of steam and water, separating a portion only of said steam from said mixture at high velocity, compressing the remainder of said mixture to convert velocity energy thereof into pressure energy and to condense the steam which is entrained in said feed water, converting the mixture of feed Water and condensed steam into high pressure steam, condensing the'separated steam, utilizing the condensate as feed water and mixing the same with the steam from said power unit.

3. A method of producing power which comprises expanding high pressure steam through a high pressure power unit to a lower pressure, mixing said steam at said lower pressure with feed water, expanding the steam in said mixture to impart velocity energy to the mixture of steam and Water, separating a portion of the steam from said mixture, compressing the separated steam to convert velocity energy thereof into pressure energy, expanding said separated steam through a low pressure power unit to a lower pressure, compressing the remainder of said mixture of Water and unseparated steam to convert velocity energy thereof into pressure energy and to condense said steam, and then converting said mixture of feed water and condensed steam at high pressure into steam.

4. A method of producing power which comprises expanding high pressure steam through a high pressure power unit to a lower pressure, mixing said steam at said lower pressure with feed water, expanding the steam in said mixture to impart velocity energy to the mixture of steam and water, separating a portion of the steam from said mixture, compressing the remainder of said mixture adiabatically to convert velocity energy thereof into pressure energy and to condense the unseparated steam, converting the mixture of feed water and condensed steam into high pressure steam, compressing the separated steam adiabatically to convert velocity energy thereof into pressure energy, expanding said separated steam adiabatically through a low pressure power unit to a lower pressure, condensing the steam exhausted from said low pressure power unit and utilizing the condensate as the feed water which is mixed with steam from said high pressure power unit.

5. In an apparatus of the character described, a power unit, means for delivering high pressure steam to said power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, means for mixing said low pressure steam with and expanding the same in said water to impart velocity energy to the mixture of steam and water, means for separating a portion of the steam from said mixture at said velocity and delivering the separated steam to a point of use, means for compressing the mixture of water and unseparated steam to a higher pressure, and means for utilizing the same at said high pressure.

6. In an apparatus of the character described, a power unit, means for delivering high pressure steam to said power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, means for mixing said low pressure steam with feed, water and expanding said steam in said feed water to impart velocity energy to the mixture of steam and feed water, a condenser, means for separating a portion of the steam from said mixture and delivering the same to said condenser, means for compressing the mixture of feed water and unseparated steam to a high pressure, means for converting said feed water into steam at said high pressure, and means for delivering the condensate from said condenser to said mixing means.

'7. In a power apparatus comprising a high pressure power unit and a low pressure power unit, means for delivering steam to said high pressure power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, means for mixing said steam at said low pressure with feed water and expanding said steam in said feed water to impart velocity energy to the mixture of steam and feed water, means for separating a portion of said steam from said mixture and converting velocity energy thereof into pressure energy, means for delivering said separated steam to said low pressure power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, means for converting velocity energy of said mixture of feed water and unseparated steam into pressure energy, and means for converting said mixture into steam at said pressure.

8. In a power apparatus comprising a high pressure power unit and a lowpressure power unit, means for delivering steam to said high pressure power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, means for mixing said steam at said low pressure with feed water and expanding said steam in said feed water to impart velocity energy to the mixture of steam and feed water, means for separating a portion of said steam from said mixture and converting velocity energy thereof into pressure energy, means for delivering said separated steam to said low pressure power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, a condenser connected with said low pressure power unit to receive the steam therefrom, means for delivering the condensate from said condenser to said mixing means, means for converting velocity energy of said mixture of feed water and unseparated steam into pressure energy, and means for converting said mixture into steam at said pressure.

9. In a power apparatus comprising a high pressure power unit and a low pressure power unit, means for delivering steam to said high pressure power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, means for mixing said steam at said lower pressure with feed water and expanding said steam in said feed water to impart velocity energy to the mixture of steam and feed water, means for separating a portion of said steam from said mixture and converting velocity energy thereof into pressure energy, means for delivering said separated steam to said low pressure power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, a condenser connected with said low pressure power unit to receive the steam therefrom, an injector, means for connecting said injector with said condenser and with said mixing means, means for delivering a portion of said low pressure steam to said injector, means for converting velocity energy of said mixture of feed water and unseparated steam into pressure energy, and means for converting said mixture at said pressure into steam.

10. In a power apparatus comprising a high pressure power unit and a low pressure power unit, means for delivering steam to said high pressure power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, means for mixing said steam at said lower pressure with feed water and expanding said steam in said feed water to impart velocity energy to the mixture of steam and feed water, means for separating a portion of said steam from said mixture and converting velocity energy thereof into pressure energy, means for delivering said separated steam to said low pressure power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, means for converting velocity energy of said mixture of feed water and unseparated steam into pressure energy, means for converting said mixture into steam at said pressure, and means controlled by pressure in said separating means for by-passing a portion of said low pressure steam to said low pressure power unit in advance of said mixing means.

11. In an apparatus of the character described, a power unit, means for supplying steam under pressure to said power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, a mixing chamber, a conduit to conduct said low pressure steam from said power unit to said mixing chamber, said mixing chamber having an inlet for water, an expansion chamber arranged. beyond and communicating with said mixing chamber; .a separating chamber arranged to receivea mixture of steam and water from said expansion chamber and to separate a portion of the steam from said mixture, a compression chamber to compress the separated steam and impart pressure energy thereto, means for utilizing said separated steam at said pressure, a compression nozzle arranged to receive from said separating chamber the remaining portionof said mixture of water and steam and compress the same to a high pressure, and means for converting said mixture into steam at said high pressure.

'12. In an apparatus of the character described, a power unit, means for supplying steam under pressure to said power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, a mixing chamber, a conduit to conduct said low pressure steam from said power unit to said mixing chamber, said mixing chamber having an inlet for water, an expansion chamber arranged beyond and communicating with said mixing chamber, a separating chamber arranged to receive a mixture of steam and water from said expansion chamber and to separate a portion of the steam from said mixture, a compression chamber to compress the separated steam and impart pressure energy thereto, a second power unit, a conduit for delivering said separated steam from said compression chamber to said second power unit, a compression nozzle arranged to receive from said separating chamber the remaining portion of said mixture of water and steam and to compress the same to a higher pressure, and means for converting said mixture to steam at said high pressure.

13. In an apparatus of the character described, a power unit, means for supplying steam under pressure to said power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, a mixing chamber, a conduit to conduct said low pressure steam from said power unit to said mixing chamber, said mixing chamber having an inlet for water, an expansion chamber arranged beyond and communicating with said mixing chamber, a separating chamber arranged to receive a mixture of steam and water from said expansion chamber and to separate a portion of the steam from said mixture, a compression chamber to compress the separated steam and impart pressure energy thereto, a second power unit, a conduit for delivering said separated steam from said compression chamber to said second power unit, a compression nozzle arranged to receive from said separating chamber the remaining portion of said mixture of water and steam and to compress the same to a high pressure, means for converting said mixture to steam at said high pressure, a by-pass connecting said conduits, a valve in said by-pass, and means controlled by pressure in said separating chamber for actuating said valve.

14. In an apparatus of the character described, a power unit, means for supplying steam under pressure to said power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, a mixing chamber, a conduit to conduct said low pressure steam from said power unit to said mixing chamber, said mixing chamber having an inlet for water, an expansion chamber arranged beyond and communicating with said mixing chamber, a separating chamber arranged to receive a mixture of steam and water from said expansion chamber and to separate a portion of the steam from, said mixture, a compression chamber to compress the separated steam and impart pressure energy thereto, a compression nozzle arranged to receive from said separating chamber the remaining portion of said mixture of water and steam and compress the same to a high pressure, means for converting said mixture into steam at said high pressure, a condenser, means for conducting said separated steam from said compression chamber to said condenser, an injector having an inlet connected with said condenser, and having an outlet connected with said mixing chamber, and means for delivering a portion of the low pressure steam from said power unit to said injector.

15. A method of producing power which comprises expanding high pressure steam through a power unit to a lower pressure, mixing water with said steam at said lower pressure, expanding said steam in said water to impart velocity energy to the mixture of steam and water, separating a portion of the steam from said mixture at said high velocity, converting the velocity energy of said separated steam into pressure energy and utilizing the same at said pressure; compressing the remaining portion of said steam and water to a high pressure and condensing the steam in the water, and converting the water and condensed steam at said high pressure into steam.

16. A method of producing power which comprises expanding high pressure steam through a power unit to a lower pressure, expanding said steam at said lower pressure to impart velocity energy thereto, mixing said steam with water to impart velocity energy to the water, separating a portion of the steam from the mixture of steam and water at said velocity and compressing the remaining portion of said mixture of steam and water to a high pressure and condensing the steam in the water, converting the water and condensed steam at high pressure into steam and separately utilizing said separated steam.

17. In an apparatus of the character described, a power unit, means for sup-plying steam under pressure to said power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, a mixing chamber, a conduit to conduct said low pressure steam from said power unit to said mixing chamber, said mixing chamber having an inlet for water, means for imparting velocity energy to the mixture of steam and water, a separating chamber to receive said mixture and separate a portion of the steam from said mixture, a conduit through which the separated steam is discharged to a point of use, means for compressing the remainder of said mixture to a high pressure and condense the steam in said mixture, means for converting said mixture at high pressure into steam, a by-pass connecting said conduits, a valve in said by-pass, and means controlled by pressure in said separating chamber for actuating said valve to divert excess steam from the first mentioned conduit to the last mentioned conduit.

18. In an apparatus of the character described, a power unit, means for supplying steam under pressure to said power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, a tubular structure having near one end thereof a mixing chamber, means for connecting said mixing chamber with said power unit to receive the steam therefrom at said lower pressure, means for supplying water to said mixing chamber, said tubular structure having therein beyond said mixing chamber an expansion chamber to convert pressure energy of said steam into velocity energy, a separating chamber to receive the mixture of steam and water at high velocity and separate a portion of the steam from said mixture, and also having a compression chamber arranged to receive separated steam from said separating chamber and having means for discharging said separated steam at a higher pressure to a point of use, and a compression nozzle arranged within said tubular structure to receive the remaining portion of said mixture of steam and water and convert the velocity energy thereof into pressure energy.

19. In an apparatus of the character described, a power unit, means for supplying steam under pressure to said power unit, and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower pressure, an elongate structure having a tapered passageway, means for connecting the larger end of said passageway with said power unit to receive said low pressure steam therefrom, means for supplying water to said larger end of said passageway, a core supported in and spaced from the wall of said passageway, said passageway and said core being shaped and arranged to provide in said structure a mixing chamber at the larger end of the passageway, an expansion chamber beyond said mixing chamber, a separating chamber beyond said expansion chamber, a compression chamber beyond said separating chamber having means for discharging said separated steam at high pressure to a point of use, a compression nozzle arranged in said compression chamber beyond said core, means for connecting said compression chamber with a second power unit, and a heater connected with said compression nozzle.

20. In an apparatus of the character described, a high pressure power unit and a lowpressure power unit, means for delivering steam to said high pressure power unit and exhausting the same therefrom at a lower temperature, a tubular structure having at one end an inlet for steam connected with said high pressure power unit and an inlet for water, an elongate tapered core supported in said structure, said structure and said core being shapedand arranged to form between the same an annular tapered passageway having adjacent said inlets a'chamber in which the steam and water are mixed, a part forming an expansion nozzle to expand said steam and impart velocity energy to the mixture of steam and water, a part beyond said expansion nozzle arranged to direct said mixture of steam and water along and close to the tapered surface of said core, a separating chamberbeyond said directing part in which a portion of the steam is separated from the mixture of steam and water, a part beyond said separating chamber to compress the separated steam to a higher pressure, means for delivering the steam which has been so compressed to said low pressure power unit, a compression nozzle arranged in said compression chamber in line with the smaller end of said core to receive the remaining portion of said steam and water and compress the same to a relatively high pressure, and means for delivering the compressed mixture to a point of use.

EDWARD T. TURNER

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