US2266779A

US2266779A - Code selective system

Info

Publication number: US2266779A
Application number: US205186A
Authority: US
Inventors: Matthew H Loughridge; Stuart Robert
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1938-04-30
Filing date: 1938-04-30
Publication date: 1941-12-23
Anticipated expiration: 1958-12-23

Description

Dec.23, 1941. H L U HRID E ETAL 2,266,779

CODE SELECTIVE SYSTEM m mm ln E Q Q flf A v Filed April 30, 1958 IN VENTOR.

Patented Dec. 23, 1941 CODE SELECTIVE SYSTEM Matthew H. Loughridge, Bogota, N. J., and Robert Stuart, Forest Hills, N. Y.

Application April 80, 1938, Serial No. 205,186

5 Claims.

This invention relates to selective systems and the apparatus used therewith and it has for an object to obtain a variety of selective controls which may be applied to the selection of a particular item from a comparatively few items of the same class and it may be applied to select any particular item from very large groups. The selective apparatus'is so arranged that its control may be changed during the operation of the system so that part of the selections may be diverted to one purpose and part to another purpose which are selected at the same time. Another object of the invention is to provide a selective system that is operated mainly by electric control through th medium of photo-electric cells and without an involved and eXpensive mechanical apparatus. Another object of the invention is to provide selections in groups and to accumulate these selections into a single result representing the product of the group selections,

and another object of the invention is to superimpose upon the selective system control by selective current with selectively responsive apparatus which enables the purpose of the selec-' tive apparatus to be doubled.

A more particular object of the invention is to provide a selective system operated by and in conjunction with motion picture film whereby particular markings associated with each frame of the film, cooperating with a scanning frame,

operates the system for any predetermined frame and the system sets in motion a mechanism to register the frame that has been selected.

This invention includes a comparing system of a film with a scanner translated by a plurality of circuits, each having a relay for actuating various permutations of different numbers of relays, with a plurality of circuits controlled by the relays corresponding to the permutation selected, each circuit being completed only when the number of relays actuated correspond to the permutations and the remaining relays are unoperated and a translating controlled by said relays.

The objects of this invention will be more particularly understood from the following specification and the accompanying drawing showing a preferred form of the invention, in which:

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the system whereby the markings of a film selectively operate a mechanism;

Fig. 2 is a scanning or master film having predetermined markings used to register with the markings of the film in Fig. 1, to secure the selections.

The selective system in the present invention is applied by means of a code which has a plurality of characters and the different selections are 495. The limit of the selections can be determined from the formula for a group in which three characters are used. X, Y and Z in this formula representing the three highest numbers in the group. Thus, the capacity of a group having the base it with three selective characters is determined by multiplying 8 by 9 by 10 and dividing by 6. The same formula applies when four characters are used in the ciated with each frame of the film for each code used as follows:

It is apparent when one character is to be used in a group of selections that the operation of this are established by the location of these characcharacter, for instance, by energizing a relay, should control the system and the operation of more than one character should prevent the control; it is also apparent when two characters are used in a group of selections that the selection should be obtained by two characters only, and a greater or less number of characters than two should prevent the system from operating. In the same way, if the system is to be operated by three characters at a time it should operate only by three characters and not by any other number.

The system is applied by a row of marks associated with each frame of the film for each code of the selection and the film, as it passes through a projecting machine, passes over an analyzing or selector plate which may have an aperture registering with the frame of the film to permit the free projection of the subject on the frame. and is provided with rows of marks, which rows correspond in location with the rows that are used to establish the code on the film. The scanning or analyzing plate is provided with marks which correspond to the desired code number only and each row is limited to the number of marks corresponding to the characters of the code. When these marks register with corresponding located marks on the film, the photo-electric cells controlling the system are operated to register as desired. 7

The simplest way of applying the system is to provide on the film transparent spot in each selective row corresponding to the code and to provide apertures in the opaque scanning plate corresponding with the code characters desired. when the transparent spots of the film register with the apertures in the scanning plate an individual beam of light is projected through these apertures and each beam operates, or energizes a separate, independent photo-electric cell, the other photo-electric cells remaining inactive. A photo-electric cell is provided for each mark oi the row of marks making up each code so that a photo-cell is always available to be operated when registration is made with any of the code markings.

Each photo-cell is connected through an operating circuit, including an amplifier, not shown in the drawing, with a relay and these relays in turn control the operating circuit. Relays are normally deenergized but become energized in response to the light beam efiecting each photocell.

The relays are arranged to control a series of parallel circuits by a repeating circuit arrangement and any of these parallel circuits may be used to control the system. The term parallel implies that the circuits are arranged in parallel rows, as shown in the drawings, connecting in series from the back contact of the finger of one relay to the corresponding finger oi the next relay. As applied one circuit may be used which is established when one relay is energized and the other relays are deenergized; or another circuit can be used which is established when any two of the relays are energized and the remaining relays are deenergized; or another circuit may be used which is established when any three of the relays are energized and the remaining relays are deenergized or again a circuit may be used which is established when any four of the relays are energized and the remaining relays are deenergized. The number of relays that are energized for an operation correspond with the number of characters that are used in applying the code.-

When it is desired to obtain a large number of selections, two or more codes may be operated in series so that the selection is made from a number corresponding to the product of the total selection of each code. This condition is obtained simply by connecting the operating circuits controlled by the code relays for each code in series.

It may sometimes occur that the code provided for certain records is not required on the same frame as the code required for other records and in this case it is possible to provide a changeover relay operated by the film and by the scanning plate whereby the code, or part of the code, may be changed over from the code that is not required and used for a code that is necemary.

Where the record coded contains data that may correspond in all but a single item and this data does not occur for both conditions on the same frame it is then possibleto use the same coding apparatus and select the result by the characterphoto-cell.

subject and provided with a row ll of marks for coding purposes and a second row ll of marks for further coding. I9 is the scanning or analyzing plate that is used with the film l5 and is provided with an aperture 20 through which the\ picture subject may be projected and with a row 2| of marks registering with the row 11 for codingpurposes and a similar row of marks 22 registerlng with the row l8 for the same purpose. The scanning or selector plates is may be placed in a fixed location over which the film it passes so that for each frame or the film the markings on the film and on the analyzing plate register in position. I! the markings on the row I! that register with the markings of row 2i are transparent a light beam passes through these markings or such of them as register and the same conditions apply to the markings in row l8 and row 22. The light beam is interrupted except where transparent-markings of the film register with the apertures of the analyzing plate. If it is desired to change the selective code during the operation of the projector, then the plate I9 is made in the form of a motion picture film so that its position can be changed after any predetermined operation. I

A row of photo-electric cells are provided as indicated from d to 9' and each cell is located in the focus of the light beam that is projected through the row of transparent markings indicated at ll so that each photo-cell responds independently and solely to the light beam from its own transparent mark on the film, as indicated by the chain lines connecting each mark with its In the same way the row of markings at B8 are connected with a row of photo- 'cells indicated from ii to Hi to be operated only when a light'beam is projected through the transparent mark which is connected with its photocell.

Each photo-cell is connected through an amplifier and an operating circuit, not shown in the drawing, with its selective relay which relay bears the same reference numeral as the photo-cell but without the prime mark. When the photo-cell is energized by a light beam the relay is energized and when the photo-cell is deenergized the relay remains in its normal "or deenergized position.

The armatures or the selective relays each are provided with a number of independent contact fingers indicated by 25, 28, 2'5, 23 and 29, so arranged that when the relay is energized the contact fingers are raised to close the front contact of each finger and to open the back contact and when the relay is deenergized the contact fingers are moved to the normal position shown in which the circuit connected with the back contact is established and the circuit connected with the front contact is open. The relays may be of the telephone type with spring fingers which are normally biased to. close the back contacts or they may be operated by gravity.

In the circuit diagrams one side of the circuit only is shown which is assumed to start at the line indicated by the tail end of the arrow and to return on the line indicated by the arrow point. The selective relays control in series a row of parallel circuits, each circuit being determined by a contact finger oi the relay. The first circuit, a, starting at the switch 3!, through conductor 32, contact 25 of relay 0 to conductor 84, connect-. ing with the back contact of 25 and similarly to the first contact finger of each of the relays in the series until the last relay is reached where the circuit is open between conductor 42 and The circuit on the second row of contact fingers 26 is normally established through its back contact and conductor 38 from relay to relay until at the last relay the back contact established by contact finger 26 completes circuit a to conductor 42. It'will be seen that if, for instance, relay is energized the circuit to the first row of contact fingers is interrupted at the back point of finger 25 and a new circuit is established through the front contact of this finger and conductor 33 to the second row of contact fingers 25. The same conditions prevail when any one of the group of relays is energized, that is, the control circuit is transferred from the first row of contact fingers to the second row of contact fingers and the last relay, when energized, establishes the circuit through the first row of contact fingers and when deenergized establishes the same circuit for'the second row of contact fingers. It will be observed that if two of the relays are energized at the same time then the circuit is transferred from the second to the third row of contact fingers and finger to the third contact finger of the following relays and the third relay energized transfers the circuit from thethird row of contact fingers to the fourth row which is connected with conductor 44. It will be noted that if more than three relays are energized at the same time the circuit to conductor 44 is interrupted, if only two relays are energized at the same time the circuit to 43 is established and the circuit to 44 is not established and if only one relay is energized at a time the circuit to 42 is established and the other circuits are interrupted.

The system as shown in Fig. 1 is applied with codes A, B and C, codes A and B may be com bined to operate as a single code system or they may be separated to operate as independent codes under the control of the film. When codes A and B are combined a total of ten relays are provided in the group which corresponds to the base 19 while the code indicated by C has twelve relays corresponding to the base 62 and may be arranged to operate with from one to four characters. Code C differs from A and B by two additional selective relays with their control mechanism and relay throughout the series, thus bringing the 7 third row of contact fingers into circuit and, when the last relay is deenergized, circuit b is established on conductor 43. If any two relays are energized at the same time and the other relays deenergized it will be noted that the circuit is established from conductor 34 to conductor 33 through 25 and the second finger 25, and from this finger to conductor 35 and contact finger 2} in the deenergized position which connects the circuit with conductor 43. For instance, if relay 3 and relay 9 are energized and the other relays deenergized, the circuit is transferred from the front contact of finger 25 at relay 3 to contact finger 29 of the next relay in the deenergized position and the circuit is continued until contact finger 28 of relay 9 is reached inthe energized position which establishes the circuit 1) to conductor 43.

The circuit on the fourth row of contact fingers 23 is established through conductor 31 and the front contact 21 of the preceding relay in the energized position. The circuit is continued from the back contact of finger 28, through conductor 40 to each of the contact fingers 28 of the following relays. At the last relay circuit 0 is established on conductor 44 through the back point of contact finger 28 or the front point of contact by the application of the additional contact finger 29 which controls circuit d.

The circuit for the contact 29 is established through conductor 39 and the front point of contact 28 of the preceding relay and is continued through the back point of contact 29 by conductor 44 to the succeeding relays and to conductor 45 connected to circuit d. In this arrangement, when four of the relays are energized the first relay transfers the circuit from contact finger 25 to contact finger 28 of the next relay and the second energized relay transfers the circuit from contact finger 26 to contact finger 27 of the next energized relay and the third energized relay transfers the circuit from contact finger 21 to contact finger 28 of the next energized relay and the fourth energized relay transfers the circuit from contact finger 28 to contact finger 29 which connects with conductor 45.

A relay 55, operated by the photo-cell 56 from the mark 57 on the film I5 is interposed between code A and code B. When this relay is in the deenergized position codes A and B are connected together to operate as a single code and when relay 55 is energized these codes are separated to operate independently. When 55 is deenergized the circuit on the first row of contact fingers 25 is continued through conductor 58, contact finger 25 of relay 55 and conductor 59 to contact finger 25 of relay 5. Conductor 42 connects the circuit from contact finger 26 through contact finger 28 of relay 55 and conductor 42a. to contact finger 25 of relay 5. Conductor 43 continues the circuit from contact finger 21 of relay 4 through contact finger 21 of relay 55 and conductor 43a to contact finger 21 of relay 5 and conductor 44 continues the circuit from contact finger 28 of relay 4 through contact finger 28 of relay 55 and conductor 44a to contact finger 28 of relay 5.

When relay 55 is energized the circuits on 42a, 43a and 44a are interrupted .and a circuit is established from the energy wire through the contact 25 to wire 59 and to contact 25 of relay 5 which is the first relay of code B and corresponds to relay .0 of code A. At the same time circuit A is established through contact 26 and conductor 42?); circuit b is established through contact 21 and conductor 43b and circuit 0 is established through contact 28 and conductor 44b.

A relay 63 is controlled by the photo-electric 4 cell a: which in turn is controlled by a light beam from mark 6| on the film; this arrangement selectively controls the character of the current used to operate the system. A transformer 65 is supplied from the mains 84 and the secondary circult on wire 68 connects through a rectifier 81 with the front contact of the contact finger 88 of relay 63 and through conductor 89a and switch Ii supplies the operating energy controlled by the selective relays. The opposite wire 680 from transformer 85 connects through rectifier 88 with i I A second mechanism M-2 is controlled by switch 48 and may be operated by the code B alone or by codes A and B combined when relay is de-- energized. This mechanism is controlled by conductor ii and switch 48 in the reversed position connecting with conductor BI and mechanism M-Z. At the same time switch 50 is also reversed connecting the energy wire 52 to conductor 32a leading to contact finger 2B of the first selective relay for the code C and in this case code C operates independently of A or B. When, however, the switches 48 and as are in the position shown, the circuit is continued from conductor d'i through jumper 49 to conductor 32a which places the codes A, B andC in series. If the conductors it and M are connected at iii, M-Z works in multiple circuit with code C.

The four circuits controled by code C are determined by switch tit connecting with conductor iii which is manually positioned to connect with circuits at, b, c or d as desired. Conductor 61' connects with switch it, which, when thrown to the left energizes the control magnet i2 through conductor ii and through the latch it this magnet releases the mechanism its. for a cycle of operation. When the switch it is thrown to the right the circuit is continued on conductor 03 through magnet iii and magnet it to conductor Fla connecting to the middle point of the secondary of transformer 65. Magnet i6 is a shunted by the rectifier i5 and magnet ii is shunted by the reversed rectifier ii so that in practice the magnet iii is energized by current of one characteristic and the magnet i6 is energized by current of the opposite characteristic as determined by the rectifiers iii! and 63, thus magnet H6 is energized when relay 68 is deenergized and magnet it is energized when relay 83 is energized. Magnet iii controls the mechanism i812 and magnet it controls mechanism Etc. If magnet i2 is made responsive to direct current or an operation is required without the selective relay 63, this can be secured by reversing the position of switch 3i.

In this circuit it will be noted that the control spreads from the entering relay until the number of parallel circuits correspond with the number of relays operated at one time, after this, the circuit is uniform and symmetrical for any number of relays in the group. It will be further noted that the same number of circuits enter and leave each finger of the relay. The fingers have a front and a back contact leading to separate circuits, and the pivot end of the finger connects to a front contact of a finger of the preceding relay and also connects to a back contact of another finger of the same relay. The back contact sets up the parallel circuits in series from relay to relay. while the front contact transfers the circuit from one parallel row to the next when the relay is energized. Selections are made by the control -of the relays and not by energizing a specific relay for a specific result. The system is operated by energizing a predetermined number of any of the relays in the group with the remaining relays deenergized. It will not operate under any other condition, either for the intended results or for unintended results. As applied'in the drawing, the number of relays in the group correspond with the base of a code and the predetermined number of relays, selected from any of the relays of the group, correspond with the number of changeable characters of the code.

In general, this code circuit represents a base including the total number of'code relays that are selectively operated by the scanners and the code is established by energizing a predetermined number or these relays while the remainingrelays remain deenergized. The translating device is controlled by repeating circuits beginning at one side of the relays, in series, from relay to relay, the first of which is completed by a back contact that is closed when each relay is deenergized, except the last three relays of the group, (when a three character code is used) the second circuit is completed by a back contact that is closed when each relay of the group is deenergized, except the first relay and the last two relays; the third circuit is completed by a back contact that is closed when each relay of the group is deenergized, except the first two relays and the last relay; and the fourth circuit is completed when all the relays of the group are deenergized, except the first three. Further, the

first code relay from the beginning side of the circuit that is energized transfers the series control at this relay from the first to the second circuit; the next code relay in this order that is energized, transfers the series control at this relay from the second to the third circuit, and the next relay that is energized in this order transfers the control at this relay from the third to the fourth circuit. The translating device is controlled by these circuits at the last relay of the group by connecting to a front contact on the third circuit and a back contact on the fourth circuit. This arrangement repeats in a regular order and can be expanded for any number of code relays and by additional contact fingers on the relays controlling similar series circuits it will operate for additional characters in the code.

In operation, when the frame on film i5 reg= isters with it so that a light beam is projected to energize relays ii, 2, 68 and t in the row ii and to energize relays i, i and ii in row HQ with the switches arranged as indicated, relay 53 will be energized and circuit 0 will be energized through codes A and Band circuit d will be energized through code C and. relay it will be operated to produce the desired result. If the scanning plate 69 is retained the magnet 16 will be operated for each succeeding frame of the film that has corresponding marks. If, on the other hand, it were desired to maintain the same'coding but to operate magnet M instead of it the index mark hi on the film would be opaque and cause relay 83 to be deenergized.

If it is desired to operate code B and code A separately, then the scanning plate is must be provided with an aperture that will register with aperture 51 on the film and energize relay It to change over the system when frames of this type are brought into register. In this case the coding must be arranged on a base of five units instead of ten.

It is common practice to provide a group of relays that are energized accumulatively to secure selective control. For instance, a system arranged to operate any or all of a group of four relays at a time, and to be controlled by all the relays, can secure the first result by the first relay energized and all the others deenergized; then the second relay may be energized and all the others deenergized; likewise, the third relay may be energized and the others deenergized, and finally, the fourth relay may be energized and all the others deenergized. This gives four results with the operation of a single, but different, relay each time. Again, if the first and second relays are energized, with the others deenergized, this gives a fifth result; if the first and third relays are energized, this gives a sixth result; and if the first and fourth relays are energized, this gives a seventh result.

The complete capacity of this arrangement in which from one to four relays are operated at a time is 16 selections; the first relay controls two circuits; the second. relay controls four circuits; the third relay controls eight circuits and the fourth relay controls sixteen circuits; the number of contact fingers of the relay being half the number of circuits controlled. In this arrangement the circuit is not uniform, instead, it changes .as the number of relays that are operated change. It. therefore. does not adapt itself to the operation of a uniform coded circuit.

The system of the application is fundamentally different from theaccumulative system described. Any system is designed to operate by energizing a predetermined number of relays in a group. In the application the entire group is included for each operation, the operated relays being energized and the remaining relays being deenergized to set up the conditions of control. In this operation the relays are not accumulative throughout the group, but are accumulative only to the extent of the predetermined number that are required to operate the system. If the system, for instance, is set to operate by three relays it will not operate unless three relays, any three, are energized and all the others of the group are deenergized. This is true with any other predetermined number of relays and the remaining group. All the relays are included in the control and the predetermined number must be energized.

The system is applicable with any number of relays in the group while its operation is limited to the predetermined number that are operated. In this way the system may be expanded to any extent desired; for instance, ten relays in a group, any three of which are operated each time and seven deenergized, will produce 120 possible different selections, and a group of ten relays,

the wiring in a repeating circuit. The number of relay contacts are not increased by the addition of other relays, in each arrangement, the number of contacts is just one more than the number 01' relays operated to control the system; this is a matter of importance for large selections. Operating the predetermined number of relays in any order with the remainder deenergized will operate the system. Operating a greater or smaller number of relays will pro duce no eifect-the system cannot operate for any other purpose by the operation of an improper number of relays. This makes it readily useable in a coded system.

Even for smaller combinations, when a group of five relay are used and three are operated, the total selection is ten; while with an accumulative system the total number of selections, with three relays, is eight. In the same way with five group relays and only two operated, the selection possible is ten, while with the accumulated system the possible combinations is four.

The repeating circuit runs in parallel lines from the back contact on one relay to the pivot finger of the next relay and from the back contact of this finger to the pivot of the finger oi' the next relay and so on. When any relay is energized the parallel circuit is changed to the parallel circuit below, beginning at the next relay following the one that is energized. From this point on the control is transferred from the first parallel circuit to the next and a switch at the end of the controls determine the final composite circuit and thereby determines the predetermined number of relays that operates the system.

The structure of this circuit differs from others used for selective purposes in that the pivot end of the relay finger for the first row of contacts. or parallel circuit connects only to the back contact of the first finger of the preceding relay. while all the following contact fingers have the pivotal end connected to the front contact of the preceding relay for the parallel circuit above, and to the back contact of the corresponding finger of this preceding relay; thus there are the same number of circuits leading to the contact fingers below the first row, and above the last row, as leads from these contact fingers.

This circuit arrangement is readily changed as, for instance, by adding relays to the group and repeating the circuit; also it is changed by the switches to operate on different predetermined numbers of relays energized and the same arrangement of circuits may be independently applied as single codes or as compound codes.

The code is applied symmetrically from a base having a fixed number of positions and for each position a relay is provided which normally remains deenergized or inactive. The scanner aligns with the base and has a predetermined number of positions that synchronize with the positions of the base. If the number that synchronizes corresponds with the number of relays that must be energized to operate the circuit, this predetermined number of relays will be operated and the translating apparatus will function. If the aligned positions permit a greater or smaller number of relays to be energized than the predetermined number, there will be no efiect; this is the purpose of the coded selected system.

It should be noted that all the predetermined relays although separately controlled, are operated together and are energized at the same time.

All the relays control the circuit of the translatingdevice in series. The time of operation is thus reduced to the time necessary for one relay to close the circuit, since they all operate together. This is very important for high speed operation and is a result that cannot be obtained from any accumulative or stepping system.

The system outlined can be applied to motion picture illm through very small apertures in the film for the light beam and the beam can be projected through these apertures upon the photo cells without interfering with the general purpose of the film. The system admits of very extensive selection and it enables a group of diflerent selections to be accumulated and made cooperative. Corresponding results can be obtained by a mechanism that is largely mechanical in its operation but the electric control and operation is preferred as it is less expensive, is uniform and is rapid in action.

The subjects to be coded are usually assigned a number for each item and ii the code is to have three characters there will always be three numbers in the code; it it has four characters then there will be four numbers in the code and in order to avoid repetition the numbers should be arranged in ascending order, 101' instance, number 276 should not be followed by the number The apparatus in Figs. 1 and 2 show the application of an electric coding system in which relays constitute the principal part of the mechanism. The relays are connected by interlocking circuits to prevent improper operation and by the operation 01 a switch the system can bech-anged from one code to another. The system is useable for translating a code as illustrated in the application in the drawing or for applying a code and the selective control by the character of the current is useable in either case. The mechanism indicated at its, Mb, 78c and lVI-i and M-2 may be any type of translating means which the code is intended to control.

We claim:

1. In a comparing system a plurality of relays, adjustable comparing means including circuit controlling means actuated thereby for energizing selectively said relays in the various permu-= tations oi difierent predetermined numbers of relays and different individual relays for each number permutation depending upon the adjustment of the comparing means, a plurality of circuits controlled by said relays, each circuit corresponding to a permutation of a predeter mined number of relays energized simultaneous- 5 tatlons of the system including difierent individual relays for each permutation according to the adjustment ofthe comparing means, a plurality of circuits controlled by said relays, each circuit corresponding to a permutation of a pre= determined number of relays energized simultaneously, means whereby the relays complete each circuit only when the number of relays operated correspond to permutation of the adjusting means and the remaining relays are unoperated, a device common to all of said relay controlled circuits and selectively responsive to the character 01' the current energizing said circuits and means including the circuit controlling means actuated by the adjustable comparing means for controlling the character of the current energizing the relay controlled circuits.

3. In a comparing system, a plurality of relays in a group, comparing means including a scanner controlling the circuit of said relays for energizing selectively said relays in various permutations or diflerent predetermined numbers of relays in the group, and different individual relays for each number permutation as determined by said scanner, a plurality of circuits controlled by said relays each circuit corresponding to a permutation of a predetermined number of relays energized simultaneously, but common -to permutations 01' individual relays for the number permutation, means whereby the relays complete each circuit only when the number of relays operated correspond to the number permutation of the scanner and the remaining relays are unoperated, a device common to all of said circuits and means for selectively interposing said device in said circuits in accordance with the comparing means.

4. In a. comparing system, a group of at least ten relays, comparing means including circuit controlling means actuated thereby for energizing selectively said relays in the various per-w mutations of three of said relays and diiierent individual relays for said three depending upon the adjustment of the comparing means and means for varying the number oirelays in said group by the comparing means, a plurality of circuits controlled by said relays, each circuit corresponding to a permutation of three of said relays energized simultaneously, means whereby the relays complete each circuit only when three of the relays corresponding to the permutation are operated and the remaining relays are un= operated, a device common to all 02 said circuits and means for selectively interposing said device in said circuits in accordance with the comparing means.

5. In a comparing means, a plurality of relays, adjustable comparing means including circuit controlling means actuated thereby for energizing selectively said relays in the various permutations of different predetermined numbers of relays and difierent individual relays for each permutation according to the adjustment of the comparing means, means for varying the prede= termined numbers of relays, a plurality of circuits controlled by said relays, each circuit cor= responding to a permutation of said predeter= mined number of relays energized simultaneously but common to permutations oi individual relays for the number permutation, means whereby the relays complete each circuit only when the number of relays operated correspond to the number permutation of the adjusting means and CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,266,779. December 25, 19in.

MATTHEW H. LOUGHRIDGE.

It is herebj certified that error appears in the printed specification 'of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page '1, second column, line 25, for "ciated with each frame of the film for each' code" read "base 12 in which the four highest numbers are--; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 17th day of February, A. D. 191m.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

CER'IIFIbA'I'E 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,266,779. December 25, 19).;1.

MATTHEW H. LOUGHRIDGE It is herebj certified that error appears in the printed specification 'of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page '1, second column, line 25, for "ciated with each frame of the film for each code" read "base 12 in which the four highest numbers are-; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office. a

signed and sealed this 17th day of February, A. D. 19142.

Henry Van Arsdale,

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.