US2266451A - Telegraph system - Google Patents

Telegraph system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2266451A
US2266451A US264071A US26407139A US2266451A US 2266451 A US2266451 A US 2266451A US 264071 A US264071 A US 264071A US 26407139 A US26407139 A US 26407139A US 2266451 A US2266451 A US 2266451A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transmitter
relay
channel
signals
switch
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US264071A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gilbert S Vernam
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
POSTAL TELEGRAPH CABLE CO
POSTAL TELEGRAPH-CABLE Co
Original Assignee
POSTAL TELEGRAPH CABLE CO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE473043D priority Critical patent/BE473043A/xx
Application filed by POSTAL TELEGRAPH CABLE CO filed Critical POSTAL TELEGRAPH CABLE CO
Priority to US264071A priority patent/US2266451A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2266451A publication Critical patent/US2266451A/en
Priority to FR947133D priority patent/FR947133A/fr
Priority to CH270701D priority patent/CH270701A/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/50—Circuit switching systems, i.e. systems in which the path is physically permanent during the communication
    • H04L12/52—Circuit switching systems, i.e. systems in which the path is physically permanent during the communication using time division techniques
    • H04L12/525—Circuit switching systems, i.e. systems in which the path is physically permanent during the communication using time division techniques involving a stored program control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1682—Allocation of channels according to the instantaneous demands of the users, e.g. concentrated multiplexers, statistical multiplexers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/22—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path using time-division multiplexing

Definitions

  • My invention relates to telegraph systems and more particularly to telegraph systems in which a plurality of different transmitters and receivers may be operatively associated with a single telegraph channel in such a way that the time of the channel is divided among the transmitters and receivers in actual operation according to a predetermined plan, in accordance with the demands of the various transmitters.
  • a system is arranged so that a single main channel is allotted to each of a plurality of customers transmitters or sub-channels in turn for an interval sufficient for the? transmission of a plurality of character signals, after which a transfer signal is transmitted which serves to switch the main channel to the next sub-channel. If the next sub-channel is idle another transfer signal will be transmitted to switch the 'main channel to another sub-channel and if all the sub-channels are idle, transfer signals'will be transmitted continuously, and the main channel will be switched continuously to each sub-channel in turn until one channel starts to send. It is an object of my invention to provide a varioplex system of the type outlined above, which combines a simpleswitching arrangement and a simplified transmission and receiving system.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a preferred arrangement of the transmitter
  • Fig. 2 shows a preferred arrangement of a varioplex receiving circuitfor cooperation with the transmitter shown in Fig. 1, and
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a modified arrangement of a varioplex receiver suitable for use with the transmitter illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • the circuit shows four tape transmitters, designated I0I-I04. These may be standard multiplex tape transmitters'or any other suitable type of transmitter.
  • the transmitters are arranged so as to have insulated bus bars I05 and conductive bus bars I01. Individual message tapes may be sent into these transmitters from any suitable source, e. g.
  • the contacts of the four transmitters are wired in parallel to the windings of five sending relays I'I0 to ll4, and the contacts of these relays are connected to plus and minus batteries and to the five segments I20 to I24 of one channel of a multiplex sending distributor. Character signal code combinations set up on any one of the tape transmitters will operate corresponding sending relays, causing the distributor brush I25 to transmit signals over duplex line 200 in the usual manner.
  • the battery polarities normally applied to the fifth sending relay II4, are reversed with respect to the other four relays. A corresponding reversal is normally made in the connections of the fifth relay at the receiving station so that these signals are correctly received in spite of this reversal.
  • Reversing relaysl26, I21 are provided for reversing the polarity of the number 1 and number 3 signal impulses on certain of the subchannels, as will be described later.
  • the arrangement is not limited to reversal of the first and third impulses, but any of the impulses or "any combination of them may be reversed, making it possible to distinguish as many as thirtytwo subchannels one from another, if desired.
  • distinction between channels may be made by transfer of certain impulses, such as 1 and 5, i. e. send the impulses in the order 5, 2, 3, 4, 1, instead of reversing polarities.
  • switch I30 shown as an eight point switch provided with three wipers I33, I'3I and I32, should properly have a number of contact points in each bank level equal to or a multiple of the number of sub-channels.
  • This switch at each step, switches the circuit from one sub-channel transmitter to the next.
  • the other switch I60 is simply a counting device for counting the number of character signals to be transmitted from each transmitter before switching to the next transmitter. In the present case, if forty-nine characters are to be transmitted before switching to the succeeding transmitter, switch I60 should be a fifty point switch.
  • the first two sending relays IIO, II I operate in a circuit from grounded battery, winding of relays IIO, III in parallel, transmitter contacts and bus bar of transmitter IOI, winding I4I of control relay I40, to ground, so that the control relay I40 also operates.
  • the multiplex brush I25 transmits negative current to line when it crosses segments I20 and I2I, positive current when it crosses segments I22, I23, and negative again when it crosses segment I24, the fifth impulse being normally reversed, as previously explained.
  • stop relay I45 Through contact of stop relay I45, lower make contact of control relay I40, second wiper I3I and bank contact of transmitter control switch I30, tape lever I06, upper winding of differential relay I46 associated with transmitter IOI, and through the transmitter stepping magnet to ground.
  • differential relay I46 As the current through both windings of differential relay I46 are equal and in opposite directions, this relay does not operate, but the transmitter magnet operates to step the tape ahead to the next character signal. While the magnet is operated all the transmitter contacts are held against the right hand insulated bus bar I05 so that the sending relays are all released. Control relay I40 is held operated, however, by current to its upper winding I42, while the brush is crossing segments I5I. Stepping relay I55 locks itself through its front contact and the back contact of rotary magnet I 56.
  • the transmitter contacts will be held against the insulated bus bar I05 when the transmitter magnet releases.
  • the sending relays IIO to II 4, and control relay I40 will therefore remain released.
  • the multiplex sending brush I25 will transmit the blank signal over the line and when the local brush I50 crosses segment I5I it will close a circuit through the upper back contact of the relay I40, and the lower winding of stepping relay I5'I associated with transmitter control switch I30, to three circuits in parallel as follows:
  • control relay I 40 therefore acts to switch the stepping circuit from one transmitter to the next, in the same manner as though the transmitter control switch I30has been advanced one step. This makes unnecessary the use of an extra multiplex distributor segment to step switch I30 at an earlier point in the cycle.
  • stepping relay I5'I will release, also releasing rotary magnet I58 and advancing transmitter control switch wipers one step.
  • the stepping circuit through the lower front contact of relay I40 will now extend to the tape lever of transmitter I02 instead of that of transmitter IOI, so that the second transmitter will continue to operate as long as control I40 is operated.
  • the tape lever contacts should be opened, the first of the threev parallel circuits which extend through upper winding of differential relay. I46 will be opened, and, when brush I50 crosses segment I5I the differential relay will operate and lock itself, as well as the transmitter magnet. This holds all of the contacts of transmitter IOI against the right hand bus bar I05, releasing the sending relays to send a blank signal and also releasing control relay I40. After the blank signal has been transmitted, the local brush I50 crosses segment I5I operating stepping relay I51 for the transmitter control switch and releasing the differential relay I4'I for transmitter I02 in the same manner as though the blank signal has been caused by a lack of perforations in the tape, as previously described.
  • the transmitter control switch I30 will advance one step after the stepping relay releases If the tape lever contact is not opened and a blank signal does not occur in the tape, trans-- mitter IOI will continue to operate until the Wiper of counting switch I60 reaches its grounded bank contact.
  • This switch should preferably have at least fifty bank contacts so as to permit transmission of 49 or more characters, although fewer are shown in the drawings.
  • stop relay I When the switch wiper reaches the grounded contact, stop relay I will be energized.
  • circuit vI previously traced through the upper winding of differential relay I46 will be open with the result that the differential relay I46 of transmitter IOI will operate and lock this transmitter.
  • transmitter IOI This will cause transmitter IOI to send a blank signal with the result that transmitter control switch I30 will advance one step, transferring the circuit to transmitter I02, in the same manner as though the tape lever contact for transmitter IOI had been opened as previously described. After the transmission of the blank signal the counting switch wiper of switch I will advance and release the stop relay I45.
  • the first wiper I33 of transmitter control switch I30 controls reversing relays I26, I21, which reverse the polarity of the first and third impulses, respectively.
  • transmitter IIJI When the switch is in the position shown, transmitter IIJI is operating and both reversing relaysare released.
  • Wiper I33 When the switch advances onestep to cut-in transmitter 202, Wiper I33 energizes relay 523 over an obvious circuit to reverse the p'olarity'of the first selecting impulse.
  • control switch I30 advances another step to cut-in transmitter I03, relay I26 is released and relay I2! operated, thus reversing the third selecting impulse.
  • relays I26 and I2! When control switch I 30 advances to the fourth step, relays I26 and I2! are both operated in series thus reversing both the first and third selecting impulses.
  • Fig. 1 An additional bank terminal of counting switch I60 is grounded through a switch I10 only when the transmitter control switch is connected to the circuit of transmitter ll. As a result, stop relay I45 will operate when the counting switch reaches this extra grounded contact after a comparatively few letters have been transmitted from transmitter lfll.
  • Receiving circuit A preferred embodiment of receiving circuit in accordance with my invention is illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • incoming signals over line 200 operate the line relay 20I in accordance with the signals sent from the sendtype provided with segmented phase plates with brushes 204, 205 on one shaft and a segmented commutator 206 on a second shaft rotating two and one-half times the speed of the main brush arm shaft.
  • the sixth pulse contacts are provided in a local arrangement controlled by brush Received signals operate line relay 20! and it in turn operates printer relay 202 during the intervals while the chopper brush represented by contacts 201 are connected to the segments as shown.
  • the chopper brush reaches the edge of these segments at a time corresponding to the center of the received signal impulse and at this time opens the operating and closes the locking circuit for printer relay 202, so that the printer relay armature will be held against one of its contacts during the time that the chopper brush is on the second segment.
  • I utilize a multiplex to start-stop translator shown enclosed in the broken line and indicated by reference numeral 210, of the type disclosed in the application of Hallden, Serial No. 221,895, filed July 29, 1938, (now Patent No. 2,196,069, granted April 2, 1940, for Multiplex start-stop extension transsixth pulse interval, only in case a blank selection-is received, in which case none of the five receiving selecting magnets 2l3 to 2
  • the translator has also been modified by bringing separate leads from the return side of the selecting magnets, so that they can be switched from the marking to the spacing contacts of printer relay 202 by contact of switching relays 23] to 234.
  • the first switching relay 23! is oper ated and when signals are received over the multiplex distributor they will be re-transmitted as start-stop signals to the first receiving loop 22l.
  • the fifth selecting magnet 2 I! is connected to the spacing contact of the printer relay 202, so that it will operate only when a positive or spacing impulse is received when brush 204 crosses segment 241. It is obvious, therefore, that the signals from the first transmitter which are transmitted with the fifth impulse reversed, will be correctly received and correctly re-trans mitted in the receiving loop.
  • Stepping relay 250 will therefore operate and lock itself through contacts of the magnet and cause rotary magnet 25I to operate.
  • Rotary magnet 25! will release stepping relay 250 after contacts 2I2 have opened, and it in turn will release rotary magnet 25
  • the fourth switching relay 234 operates to reverse both the first and third selecting magnets 213 and. H5.
  • both Sub-channel synchronising f If the rotary switches at the transmitting and" receiving stations should get out of step with each other for any reason, they will get into step automatically after a few letter signals have been transmitted For example, if the receiving circuit is connected to loop 222 while the transmitting circuit is still connected to transmitter IN, the signals received by the subscriber connected to loop 222, will be unreadable as the first selecting impulse of every character signal will be reversed.
  • Modified receiver A modified receiving circuit arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 3. According tothis circuit, signals incoming over line 200 are received in line relay 30! so. as to. operate printer relay 302 in the same manner as described above. :Similarly, thereceived signals are applied to a multiing its armature.
  • the fifth relay 3J5 is wound in the re-* verse direction with respect to relays 3
  • the receiving relays obviously operate in re-.- sponse to signals received over the multiplex channel and will set up in their contacts the same code combinations as are set up in thev tape transmitters at the transmittingstations.
  • the lower contacts of these relays control connections to the segments of a start-stop sending distributor 320 which .may be switched to any of four sub-channel loop circuits 32l to 324, to transmit corresponding message signals in startstop code to any of four customers station print-- ers.'
  • the upper contacts of the receiving :relays serve to distinguish a blank signal from a message signal and switch'the sixth pulse contact 308 controlledby cam 309 from the start mag-.- net 33I of the start-stop distributor to the step.- ping magnet 332 of sixteen point rotary switch. 335, whenever a blank signal is received, 1:
  • a message character from transmit ter I0! is being received over the multiplex channel.
  • the brush crosses the segments of the receiving distributor, sixth pulse contacts3l8 close a circuit for operating start magnet 331 of start-stop distributor320 so that brush 333 cantraverse the segments of the transmitter and the character signal will be transmitted over sub-. channel loop 32!.
  • one terminal of the loop is normally connected to battery and the other terminal extends; over a line to a standard start-stop printer similar to plex distributor 303 and a chopper arrangement that disclosed in connection with Fig.
  • any of these loop circuits may be connected to the sending, armof a duplex circuit or carrier channel to extenda sub-channel .to any distance from a multiplex, terminal.
  • the loop may also beconnected to a reperforator for sending it to a sub-channel of another multiplex circuit, thus forming a sub-channel repeater for interconnecting two, multiplex circuits.
  • Signals received over .the multiplex channel will continue to .betrepeated as'start-stop signals into the loop and. printer of sub-channel 32l until a blank. signal is received.
  • all receiving relays will be released when the sixth pulse contacts 308 close and the step-' pi'ng magnet 332 of rotary switch 335 will operate instead of the start magnet 33!.
  • Switching relay 34! will release when the stepping magnet 332 operates, thus closing sub-channel 32! directly through the back contacts of switching relay 34!, instead of through brush 333 and stop segments of distributor 329.
  • the switch wipers will be advanced and switching relay 342 will be operated to connect sub-channel 322 through its makebefore break contacts to the start-stop distributor-32ll.
  • a circuit will be established for operating reversing relay 350 in series with relay 342 to reverse the operating winding of the receiving relay for the number one impulse, so it will respond to spacing instead of marking signals to correspond to the signal transmitted from transmitter I02. Itshould be noted that the blank signal is not transmitted to either sub-channel and the loop remains closed while the channels are being switched.
  • a blank signal is transmitted whenever the circuit is switched from one sub-channel transmitter to the next, and it is now evident that these blank signals cause the receiving equipment to be switched from one subchannel to the neXt so that, when once properly started the receiving sub-channels will remain in step with the sending sub-channels regardless of whether actual messages are sent for all the transmitters or not.
  • a second reversing relay 35! is provided for reversing the winding'of the third receiving relay when the third sub-channel is in use, and connections are made to operate both relays 350 and 35! on sub-channel 4, so that at all times the signals are properly reversed at the receiver to correspond with the reversal at the transmitter.
  • a telegraph system comprising a plurality of transmitters for transmitting successive character signals each composed of a plurality of current impulses, a corresponding plurality of re' DCvers for receiving said signals, a single transmission channel, means for successively associating said transmitters and corresponding receiversto. said transmission channel for communication, and means whereby said receivers and said transmitters will be broughti'n to step, in cluding means for changing a characteristic of different character signals transmitted from different ones of said transmitters.
  • a telegraph system in which said means for changing a characteristic of said signal character comprises means for re versing the polarity of different signal current impulses in each different transmitter.
  • a telegraph system according to claim 1, further comprising means responsive to transmission of a predetermined number of characters from one transmitter for causing said successive association.
  • a telegraph system comprising a plurality of transmitters for transmitting successive character signals each composed of a plurality of impulses, a corresponding plurality of receivers for receiving said signals, a single transmission channel, means responsive to the transmission of a transfer signal for successively associating said transmitters and corresponding receivers with said transmission channel for communication, and
  • said means including means for reversing different current impulses of said character signals transmitted from different ones of said transmitters.
  • a telegraph transmitter system comprising a plurality of transmitters for transmitting successive character signals each composed of a predetermined number of current impulses to corresponding receivers, a single transmission channel, means for successively associating said transmitters with said transmission channel, means for transmitting a transfer signal upon operation of said last named means, and connections for reversing different ones of said current impulses from each transmitter, whereby signals received on a receiver other than the corresponding receivers are not intelligible.
  • a telegraph transmitter system comprising a plurality of transmitters for transmitting successive character signals each composed of a predetermined number of current impulses to corresponding receivers, a single transmission channel, means responsive to transmission of a transfer signal for successively associating said transmitters with said transmission channel, and connections for reversing different ones of said current impulses from each transmitter, whereby signals received on a receiver other than the corresponding receiver are not intelligible.
  • connection for reversing said ourrent impulses comprises means for reversing the '3 means responsive to receipt of said transfer signal for connecting the succeeding receiver to said channel, and means whereby the bringing into step of a transmitter and the corresponding receiver is facilitated, including means for reversing difierent current impulses in each of said transmitters so that said transfer signal in any one of said channels corresponds to a frequently occurring character in each of said other channels.
  • a telegraph system wherein said multi-unit code is the standard five-unit code, said transfer signal comprises a blank signal, and four transmitters are provided, the character signal elements of one of said transmitters being transmitted witnno reversals,
  • the second transmitter having the first impulse reversed
  • the third transmitter having the third impulse reversed
  • the fourth transmitter having the first and third impulses reversed, whereby said blank signal in one channel represents the letter E, the word space signal and th letter S, respectively, in the remaining channels.
  • a telegraph system further comprising means responsive to transmission of a predetermined number of characters from, one of said transmitters for causing transmission of said transfer signal, and means operatively associated with at least one of said transmitters for varying the said predetermined number of characters.
  • a telegraph receiver system comprising a plurality of telegraph receivers, means for successively operatively connecting said receivers to a single channel for receiving multiple-impulse telegraph signals, means responsive to a transfer signal for operating said successively operating connecting means, and means operative upon connection of each receiver for producing a reversal of predetermined ones of said received signal impulses.
  • a telegraph transmitting system comprising a plurality of transmitters, a single trans mission channel, and means for successively operatively associating said transmitters with said channel comprising a first rotary switch means, a circuit including said first rotary switch means for completing said operative association, a second rotary switch means, normally'incomplete circuit connections from said secondary'rotary switch means to the succeeding transmitters, means responsive to transmission of a transfer signal for opening said first named circuit and completing said normally incomplete circuit, and I means for subsequently advancing said first and second rotary switch means to complete a circuit for said succeeding transmitter over said first rotary switch means and to form a normally incomplete circuit for the next succeeding transmitter.
  • a telegraph receiver system comprising a plurality of transmitters, a plurality of receivers, a single transmission channel, means for successively connecting said receivers to said single channel for receiving multiple impulse telegraph signals, a single translator for transferring said signals successively from said channel to said receivers, means for altering differently the character of signals transmitted from each transmitter, and means operatively associated with the corresponding receiver loop for returning signals so altered to unaltered form whereby signals from each transmitter will be correctly received in the corresponding receiver loop.
  • a telegraph system comprising a single transmission channel, a plurality of transmitters for transmitting to said channel character signals each composed of a combination of a plurality of impulses, means intermediate .said channel and said transmitters for modifying the character impulse combinations sent by each transmitter to said channel, means responsive to a particular character signal sent from any of said transmitters to said intermediate means for associating the next successive transmitter with said channel, a plurality of receivers and means under control of said particular one of said character signals as modified by said intermediate means for associating proper ones of said receivers successively with the transmission channel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
US264071A 1939-03-25 1939-03-25 Telegraph system Expired - Lifetime US2266451A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE473043D BE473043A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1939-03-25
US264071A US2266451A (en) 1939-03-25 1939-03-25 Telegraph system
FR947133D FR947133A (fr) 1939-03-25 1947-04-30 Systèmes télégraphiques
CH270701D CH270701A (fr) 1939-03-25 1947-05-31 Installation télégraphique.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US264071A US2266451A (en) 1939-03-25 1939-03-25 Telegraph system

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US2266451A true US2266451A (en) 1941-12-16

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US264071A Expired - Lifetime US2266451A (en) 1939-03-25 1939-03-25 Telegraph system

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US (1) US2266451A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE473043A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH270701A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR947133A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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Publication number Publication date
FR947133A (fr) 1949-06-23
CH270701A (fr) 1950-09-15
BE473043A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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