US2261491A - Apparatus and method for making concrete roadways - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 4, 1941. R. w. BAILY 2,261,491

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MAKING CONCRETE ROADWAYS Filed Sept. 18, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 I 9 60 614? 4 49 q I I 7 z Nov. 4, 1941. R. w. BAILY 2,261,491

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MAKING CONCRETE ROADWAYS Filed Sept. 18, 1939 T 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 72 o 02; i 7 l 66 -63 Nov. 4, 1941. R. w. BAILY 2,261,491

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MAKING CONCRETE ROADWAYS Filed Sept. 18, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 R. W. BAILY Nov. 4, 1941 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MAKING CONCRETE ROADWAYS Filed Sept. 18, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Nov. 4, 1941 PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS AND DIETHOD FOR MAKING CONCRETE ROADWAYS Robert William Baily, Narbertli, Pa.

Application September 18, 1939, Serial No. 295,530

Claims.

My invention relates to apparatus and methods for striking off or leveling the surface of a concrete or similar types of roadways and vibrating the latter to cause the concrete to become exceedingly dense and homogeneous and rid it of entrapped air and water.

It is on object of this invention to provide a novel method and means for striking off the surface of a concrete roadway through the use of a strike-off board or screed and intensively vibrating the concrete by mechanism carried by the screed so that the concrete becomes a dense practically fluid mass readily flowing to places of least resistance and causing the elimination of air and water entrapped in the concrete. Other objects are to provide an improved vibrating means, a novel face plate, bins and other minor elements.

A further object of my invention is to treat any material, the particles of which move relatively to each other when vibrated.

A, further object of my invention is to provide means in the bins or hoppers for conveying the material longitudinally in the bins, from the ends toward the intermediate zone,

from one end toward the opposite end, or from the intermediate zone toward either end, so that the material as received in the bins may be kept uniformly disposed over the whole length of the bins, or concentrated at any locality or localities in the bins at the will of the operator.

Another object of my invention is to provide means for imparting to the material, vibrational forces having components in two or more planes, and in addition, so as to arrange the vibrator mechanisms producing these forces that one or more groups of the components may have frequencies or directions or both, differing from those of other of the components. My invention will permit me to apply these forces either externally to the material, or internally thereto, or both externally and internally simultaneously.

Another object of my invention is to pro vide means and a method to prevent the segregation or separation of the material before and during treatment.

This application is a continuation in part of my co-pending application Serial No. 428,747,

50 Figure is a partly sectional elevation view filed February .15, 1930. Attention is also called to my co-pending applications Serial No. 514,- 124, filed February 7, 1931; Serial No. 256,249, filed February 13, 1939; Serial No. 74,114, filed April 13, 1936; Serial No. 166,822, filed September 7, 1937; Serial No. 114,877, filed December 8,

11336; and Serial No. 228,625, filedSeptember 6,

38. Referring to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view 5 of three basic-non-coincident axes combined with three non-coincident planes;

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing non-coincident axes and the three planes containing pairs of these axes, with vi- 10 bratory out-of-balance weights rotating on each Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section of a form of my apparatus;

Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view on the line 9-3 of Figure 3;

' another form of my apparatus;

Figure 7 is a horizontal cross sectional view taken on the line l2-l 2 of Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a vertical cross sectional view taken on line "-13 of Figure 6 except that shaft 62 has rotated 90;

Figure 9 is a vertical cross sectional view taken on line "-14 ofFigure 8;

Figure 10 is a vertical cross sectional view taken on line l5--l5 of Figure 6 with certain 30 arts of Figure 6 omitted;

Figure 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another form of my apparatus;

Figure 12 is a transverse section taken on line "-11 of Figure 11;

Figure 13 is a vertical cross sectional view taken on line Ila-Ila of Figure 11;

Figure 14 is a top plan view of another form of my apparatus;

Figure 15 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken on the line ls-ls of Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken on the line 26-20 of Figure 15;

Figure 17 is a vertical cross sectional view of a modification of the apparatus of Figure .14;

Figure 18 is a vertical cross sectional elevational view taken on the line 22-22 of Figure 17;

Figure 19 is an elevation view of another form of my apparatus;

taken on the line 2|--24 of Figure 19.

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view of one form of my vibratory mechanism showing a point of origin 0 through which passes,

horizontally, right and left, the axis X-X, and

toward and from the observer the horizontal axis Y-Y, and vertically the axis ZZ. The plane X-Y is horizontal, containing point and the axes XX and Y-Y. The plane X--Z is vertical, containing point 0 and the axes x--x and ZZ. At an angle to the plane X-Z is the vertical plane Y--Z containing point 0 and axes Y-Y and ZZ. The mass MO has its center of gravity at O.

Revolving about 0' on axis X-X with its center of gravity in plane Y-Z, I provide the mass Mr, which exerts the centrifugal force CMz on mass MO. This force CMJ: may be resolved into the components F'Mzu parallel to axis Y--Y. and FMzz parallel to axis ZZ.

Revolving about 0 on axis Y-Y with its center of gravity in plane X-Z, I provide the mass My, which exerts the centrifugal force CMy on mass MO. This force CMy may be resolved into the components mm, parallel to axis x -x, and MFyz, parallel to axis ZZ.

Revolving about 0 on axis ZZ with its center of gravity in plan X--Y, I provide the mass Mz, which exerts the centrifugal force CMz on mass MO. This force CMz may be resolved into the components FMzm, parallel to axis X-X, and FMzy, parallel to axis Y-Y.

In the positions as shown in Figure 2, components FMzny and My are parallel and assist each other. The same is true of components FMya: and FMzm. Likewise FMzvz and FMyz are parallel and assist each other.

Were mass My below axis X-X but still on the same side of plane Y-Z, then forces FMya: and FMzx would still be parallel and assisting each other. But while force FMyz would still be parallel to me, it would be opposite in direction and the lesser of the two would reduce the eflect of the other. If equal, the resultant would be zero.

In any case it is seen that the center of gravity 0 of mass MO would oscillate in a path determined by the magnitudes, speeds of rotation and directions of the various forces CMx, CMy and CMz acting upon it.

If about another point of origin 02 on axis ZZ, distant from point 0, I provide a mass M22 revolving about the axis ZZ, the centrifugal force CM2z exerted on point 02 will introduce still another force on mass MO and modify its previous path of travel.

The angles the planes XY, XZ and YZ make with each other may be varied.

The foregoing explanation of forces related to three principal, non-parallel but intersecting axes serves to simplify the descriptions following, relating to the apparatus of Figure 1 through 18. References to force components X, Y and Z will be understo'od to correspond to the explanation given of Figures 1, 2 and 5.

Figures 3 and 4 show another form of my apparatus. The housing 40 carries the shaft 4| associated with means 42 for rotating shaft 4|. Means 42 may be on the order of the apparatus shown in my United States Letters Patent No. 1,876,271. In housing 40 on shaft 4i I provide the out-of-balance weight 43, below which is the friction drive disc 44, with the end 45 of shaft of shaft ll terminates in disc I3 which engages and is propelled by disc 44. If disc 44 revolves at a uniform rate, the speed of rotation of disc II and the out-of-balance weight I! will be decreased by adjusting disc 44 closer to the circumference I4 of disc '3.

Opposite direction of adjustment of disc 44 toward center of disc 53 will increase the speed of shaft ll relative to the speed of shaft 4|.

In Figure 4 the housing 4| carries shaft 55 at an angle both to shaft 4| and shaft 50, and

running in bearings 58 and having out-of-balance weightll. One end of shaft I5 terminates in disc ll which engages and is propelled by disc 4.4 on shaft 4|. Speed of rotation of shaft 55 is adjusted in the same manner as that of shaft 50 of Figure 3.

Rotation of out-of-balance weight 43 imparts to the housing 4! forces having components in directions of axes X and Y. Rotation of out-ofbalance weight 52 will impart to the housing 4!, forces having components in directions of the axes X and Z. Rotation of out-of-balance weight 51 will impart to the housing 40 forces having components in directions of the axes Y and Z. One or two of out-of- balance weights 43, 52 or 51 may be omitted, if desired.

In Figures 3 and 4, I show the housing 40 associated with and attached to the member 59, which may have the cover 60 provided with the gland 6|.

In Figure 3 I show housing 40 at least partially immersed in material In. Since the housing 40 has vibrations in directions of all three axes X, Y and Z, and since member 5! (and cover 60) has imparted to it similar vibrations, the material lila will receive force components in the same direction and rates as those imparted to the housing 40.

Obviously, the rotative means at 42 of Figures 3 and 4 may, instead of being associated with 4| engaging the hearing 45a. Shaft 4! has the shaft 42, be associated with shaft 50 or shaft 55. I may elect to utilize any of the combinations set forth against Figure 2 to impart vibrations to the housing 4!, and housing 40 may be associated with apparatus other than member 59.

Reciprocating weights as in Figure 5 or Figures 11-12 may be used with any or all shafts 4|, so and 55, in which case any or all out-of- balance weights 43, 52 or 51 may be retained or omitted.

One or more housings 40 may be associated with housing member I9.

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic perspective view of another form of vibratory mechanism showing a point of origin 0 through which passes horizontally, right and left, the axis RR, and toward and from the observer the horizontal axis T-T, and vertically the axis VV. The mass MO has its center of gravity at 0. On axis R-R I provide the reciprocating mass Mr with its center of gravity on axis R,R. On axis T-T I provide the reciprocating mass Mt with its center of gravity on axis T-T. On axis VV I provide the mass Mv with its center of gravity on axis VV.

As shown in Figure 5, the mass Mr is traveling in direction DMr with acceleration or deceleration due to a connection between Mr and M0, and mass Mr will therefore exert on mass Mo a force in the direction of DMr or opposite thereto. Likewise mass Mt will,'through a connection therewith, exert a force on M0 in the direction of'DMt or opposite thereto. In the same fashion Mv will through a connection therewith, also exert a force on M in the direction of DMv, or opposite thereto.

It is seen that the center of gravity 0" of mass Mo will oscillate in a path determined by the magnitudes, frequencies and directions of the forces DMr, DMt and DM0 acting upon it.

If on axis V-'-V at another point of origin 02 I provide the axis T2--T2, and a reciprocating mass M2t having its center of gravity on T2-T2, still other forces will be exerted on mass Mo to modify its previous path of travel.

The angles between the axes R-R, TT, T2-T2 and V-V may be varied.

Obviously I may combine a part or all of the system of Figure5 with part or all of the system of Figure 2 and Figures 11 and 12, and may arrange pluralities of parts, or all of either, or both systems to act in various ways on mass Mo and thereby obtain any desired movement of the mass Mo.

The masses Mm, My, Ma and M22 of Figure 2 may be varied simultaneously or individually as to their mass, their distance from their respective axes, and their speed of rotation about their axes. Likewise the masses Mr, Mt, Mo and M2t may be varied simultaneously or individually as to their mass, their frequencies of reciprocation and the lengths of their paths of reciprocation. The directions of the accelerations or deceleratlons DMr, DMt, DM2t and DM1; may be selected at will.

In Figures 6 through 10, I show another arrangement of my apparatus.

Shaft 62 is. actuated by rotative means not shown, and has the out-of-balance weight 63.

Shaft 62 runs in bearings 64 of housing 48, which is also provided with laterally extending faces 65. I provide the reciprocable weight 66 suitably carried in the' housing 48 and arranged for axial movement therein. Housing 48 carries roller 61, which engages slot 68 of weight 66, preventing rotation of weight 66 in housing 48. Weight 66 has cam-faced ends 68 and 18. Shaft 62 has arms 1| carrying cam rollers 12 and 13. Rollers 12 engage cam-face 68 and rollers 13 engage cam face 18. As shaft 62 is rotated, it will through rollers 12 move weight 66 to the right, as in Figure 6, in direction of arrow Yl. As shaft 62 vided with gland 85 suitably secured in end 83, and plunger 82 is carried in gland 85, which may be of elastic material engaging plunger 82 of rigid material supporting slidably plunger 82 and deflecting with the movement of plunger 82.

With shaft 62 rotating and out-of-balance weight 63 in downward position shown, weight 63 will impart to housing 48, movement in direction of axis arrow ZI. Weight 18 will be simultaneously, due to its inertia, at the upper position indicated in solid lines, and through itsmechanism, disc 84 will be closest to end 33.

As weight 63 rotates through 90 to position 63a, it imparts to housing 48, motion in the direction of axis arrow Z2. Weight 18 will simultaneously, due to its inertia, arrive at its lower position indicated in broken lines at 18a. Pin 8| will travel toward end 83, moving plunger 82 in the direction of axis arrow YI and disc 84 to. its position indicated by broken lines at 8411. Completion of one revolution by out-of-balance weight 63 will return the parts 18, 18, 88, 8|, 82 and 84 to their original positions as one cycle of movement, reciprocating in directions parallel to axis Z. During the same cycle the forces exerted by out-of-balance weight 63 causes housing 48 to vibrate in directions along axes X and Y. Ma-

rotates another 90 degrees, rollers 13 will reciprocate weight-66 to the left as in Figure 8, in di- I rection of arrow Y2. As rotation of shaft 62 continues, weight 66 will reciprocate, under the conditions shown in Figures 6 and 8, through two complete cycles for each revolution of shaft 62.

The housing 48 will have imparted to it by rotation of out-of-balance weight 63, vibrations in directionsof the axes X and Z of Figure 9, and in directions of the axis Y of Figures 6 and 8.

Contact with housing 48 will impart to a material, force components in the same directionsand rates as exist in housing 48.

In Figures 11, 12 and 13 I show another arrangement of my apparatus. Shaft 62 is actuated by rotative means not shown, and has the out-of-balance weight 63. Shaft 62 runs in bearing 64 of housing 48. In housing 48 I provide the boss 15 carrying the pin 16 engaging the boss 11 of the arm 18 which carries the inertia weight 18. In boss.88 of arm 18 and in a plane perpendicular to axis of shaft 62 and passing through pin 16, I provide the pin 8| engaging the vibrator plunger 82 which extends approximately parallel to the shaft 62 through the end 83 of housing 48. Plunger 82 terminates in disc 84 beyond the end 83 of housing 48. End 83 is proterial in contact with housing 48 and disc 84 will have imparted to it, vibrations having components along axes X, Y and Z, and at a plurality of rates of frequencies.

In Figures 14, 15 and 16 I show another arrangement of my apparatus in which I have applied the mechanisms described in Figures 2 through 10, to the apparatus shown, and where possibly I have utilized in Figures 14, 15 and 16 the same reference characters as I utilized in other figures. Supporting medium 88 carries side forms or fixed means 2. I is a screed, 28 is a hopper carried on wheels IN, and having walls 4 and 31 and containing concrete 38. The apparatus travels on side forms 2.

In Figures 14, 15 and 16 I use the vibrating housing 48 b which has the parts of housing 48, i Figures 3 through 10. Housing 48--b may be located anywhere with relation to bin 28 but for convenience in Figure 16 I have located housing 48b adjacent the lower orifice of bin 28. Housing 48-b is sustained by end 35 of bin 28 by means of elastic connections 86 intended to dampen the transmission of vibrations from housing 48b to bin 28 or other parts of the mechanism or to the forms or other structures associated with the material, and to allow free vibration of housing 48-b. Housing 48b is associated with rotative means 81 rotating shaft 62 which. carries out-of-balance weights 63. Housing 48b may contain one or more mechanisms as described against Figures 2 through 10, and may be provided with one or more faces 65.

Above housing 48-b or elsewhere as convenient, I provide the conveying mechanism 88 which for convenience I have shown as twin screws 8| and 82, arranged on their hollow . shafts 83 and 84. Shaft 83 extends through bin end 35 running in gland 85 and revolved in either direction by power mechanism 86. Gland 85 may be of rubber and thus be resilient to afford vibration damping means for damping the transfer of vibrations to carriage parts, forms, or other structures associated with the material. Hollow shaft 84 is rotatably associated with shaft 83 at 81 and is rotated by means not shown, in a manner similar to power means 86. Shafts 83 and 84 may be provided with shafts 62a carrying out-of-balance weightsfla rotated by rotative means 81a. Shafts 99 and 94 may be provided with vibrating mechanisms 40-c which have the parts of housing 40, Figures 3 through 7. Wall 4, through cylindrical or tubular portion I00, is associated with screed I. Walls 81 and 4, and ends 35, of bin 29, and the screed I, may be associated with vibration mechanisms 40-d, as described against Figures 3 through 9. Wheels IOI may be provided for engagement with fixed means 2, forming a carriage for bin 29 and its associated apparatus, with propulsion means at I 02 of Figures 14 and 16. Elastic means, not

shown, may be interposed between the bin 29, the

screen I, and the fixed means 2, for damping the transmission of vibrations from the bin 29 or the screed I or associated devices, to carriage II" or fixed means 2. In lieu of carriage I III as shown, other carriage or propulsion means not shown may be provided. Screed I may be arranged not to make contact with fixed means 2.

In the operation of the apparatus described against Figures 14, 15 and 16 I show in Figure 16 material 38 to be treated deposited in bin 29, with its upper level preferably maintained at an elevation above portion I04 of screws 9I and 92. Should the material be not satisfactorily disposed through the length of bin 29, it may be conveyed longitudinally of the bin in either direction or in both directions by proper manipulation of screws 9| and 92. If desirable, the screws 9I and 92 may impart vibrations to the material to render it plastic, or to prevent segregation, or to expel entrapped air and surplus water, to condense and improve the material, or to cause particles of the material to move relatively to each other. These objects may be supplemented or assisted or otherwise attained by imparting to the material, vibrations from the walls of the bin 29, or from the screed I, or from the vibrator 40-12 in the lower orifice 85 of the bin, or by any combination of manipulation of the parts.

Vibrator 4Il--b, 40c, or a duplicate thereof, may be located below and before the orifice 85 of bin 29, or before, below or behind screed I.

In the arrangement shown in Figures 14 through 16, the material 38 will, by force of gravity assisted by vibrations, pass downwardly through bin 29, past screws 9| and 92, thence past vibrator 40--b, and be deposited on supporting medium 88. The material 38 shown at location 28 will then be acted upon by the screed I, either to vibrate the material, or to strike it off to approximately the desired surface elevation, or both.

While I have indicated the apparatus as a unitary-structure, I may divide it into a plurality of parts, whereby the bin or its associated devices may be operated separately from the other parts of the apparatus, or in conjunction with other equipment. Likewise any part of the apparatus may be arrangedfor adjustment in any direction, whereby the distance between the final means 2 may be varied, or the finished surface 3| of the material may be left at any elevation or having any desired contour or crown, and whereby th material may be constructed in a plurality of strata or whereby a variety of materials may be deposited simultaneously or in any sequence.

In Figures 17 and 18 I have shown another formof my apparatus, in which I have omitted the front face 31 and one vibrator housing 4II-d, of Figure 16, moving conveying mechanisms 9| and 92 down to the position formerly occupied by vibrator 40-4; of Figure 16, so that my apparatus may be used in conjunction with a roadway paving device to distribute, level and treat the paving material 28 prior to its treatment by other appliances and apparatus.

Vibrator mechanisms delivering vibrations having vectors in a plurality of non-parallel intersecting planes are associated with the walls of the bins for vibrating them; vibrators are assoelated with the screed portion for vibrating it; vibrator mechanisms are associated with the conveying mechanism, and with the vibrating elements in the lower orifices of the bins. I may utilize any of the parts or combinations of any of the parts of the apparatus without reference to the parts which may be omitted.

I have found that when a material such as concrete is placed in a bin'or on a supporting medium, and the material is pushed or conveyed laterally over the supporting medium in the absence of vibration, the material becomes segregated, the larger particles of aggregate working to the surface of the material in motion, and finally emerging entirely from the mixture, rolling freely down the advancing slope or surface of the mixture.

I have found that where a properly operated distributing device, which may be a horizontal revolving screw, is propelled laterally against a quantity of concrete, such as a batch of concrete which has been dumped from the mixer upon the subgrade of a roadway, and if the lower parts of the screw or distributing device are maintained at approximate finished grade line, the pile of concrete will be uniformly distributed across the subgrade between the forms and the resulting surface will be approximately at or above or below the tops of the forms, as desired. I have also found that the larger particles of aggregate are concentrated in the top stratum of the layer of material, the upper portions of such particles being exposed at the surface of the material. I have also found that when I propel a horizontal vibrating member laterally, at least partially immersed in the material. the impact of the member against the exposed larger particles may eject and expel many of those particles entirely out of the mixture.

I have also found that in concrete, when vibrated, the larger particles of aggregate tend to sink to the lower strata of the mixture, the mortar rising into the upper strata where there is created a deficiency of the larger particles.

I have also found that when concrete in a bin or on a supporting medium is pushed or conveyed laterally, and simultaneously subjected to vibration, the concrete remains properly mixed, the larger particles remaining uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. This part of my invention is thus described.-

Apart of my invention is the utilization of a leveling and distributing device. of which a horizontal revolving screw is one type, and vibrating the device thereby maintaining the proper distribution of the larger particles throughout the mixture. With this device I may also associate other vibrating means whereby the concrete deposited on the road bed is adequately compacted and condensed.

In treating the material in the bin, I may accelerate, retard or halt the travel of the bin or bins, in order that the contained material may 2,261,491 6; during the deposit of the material upon the supporting medium.

In Figures 19 and 20 I show means for adjusting the elevation of my apparatus with respect to the tops of the side forms 2 and material 28.

Coacting with the axles I06 I provide the connecting rods I06 on the rear wheels IOI and connecting rods I01 on the front wheels IOI-a. Rods I06 are operated in cylinders I08 attached to plates I and l. Hydraulic power to move rod I06 relative to cylinder I08 is supplied through conduit I09 from a controlling and supply source not shown. Rods I01 are operated in cylinder 'I I by hydraulic power supplied through a controlling and supply source similar to 'I I2a, through conduits I09. Cylinder I08 is attached to screed I and plate 4 by bracket II3. Cylinder H0 is connected to wingplate 85 by bracket'l I l. Conduits I I2 and II2-'-e lead from cylinder IIO to controlling mechanism II'2--a which is manipulated by handle II2b. Fluid for actuating rod I01 enters mecharfism II2a through conduit II2c, and is exhausted from mechanism II2--a through conduit II2-d. To elevate the cylinder IIO, fiuid under pressure passes through mechanism 2-11 and conduit H2, and exhaust fluid passes from cylinder '0 through conduit 2-6 and mechanism II2-a. To lower the cylinder IIO, handle II 2b is caused to function, and fluid under pressure passes through mechanism 2-11 and conduit II2e, and exhaust fluid passes from cylinder IIO through conduit H2 and mechanism II2a. Rod I06 is actuated in a similar manner. a

I show the screed I and associated parts elevated by means of the rods I06 and I01. Obviously the screed I may be tilted or sloped forwardly or rearwardly, or one end may be raised higher than the other, by suitable manipulation of the rods I06 and I01. Likewise, the screed I may be at an elevation below the tops of forms 2 through proper control of rods I06 and I01. I also show the pusher bar I02 hinged at end II5 to screed I, and at end II6 to propelling machine, a part of which is indicated at I". If instead of a hinge at II5, the pusher I02 be rigidly connected to screed I, then rear wheels IOI, rods I06 and cylinders I08 may be omitted, and the elevation of screed I may be controlled entirely by front rods I01, the whole apparatus swinging about hinge II8 on machine I".

Pusher bar I02 may be omitted and propulsion of the screed I and associated apparatus may be accomplished by rotating wheels IOI or IOI'-a by any suitable means.

It is obvious that my method may be used with Portland cement concrete, bituminous concrete, or any other materials to which it is adapted.

It will be understood that any of the vibrating mechanisms herein described may be supported on a carriage such as here shown or on pavement or other machines, by vibration damping means such as are i ustrated in my Patents No. 2,018,294, No. 2,094, 10 and No. 2,110,413.

I claim:

1. The method of treating a material, the particles of which move relatively to each other when vibrated, consisting in simultaneously imparting to the material from a plurality of vibratory elements vibratory forces having components in at least three intersecting planes, thereby causing the particles to move relatively to each other.

2\ The method of treating paving or like material, some particles of which best respond to vibratory forces of one frequency, and other particles of which best respond to vibratory forces of another frequency, by applying a plurality of frequencies of vibration to the material comprising bringing into contact with the material a body and subjecting the body to the action of a plurality of vibrators for simultaneously vibrating it with a plurality of frequencies and imparting such frequencies to the material, whereby some particles of the material are favorably afiected by one frequency of vibration and other particles of the material are favorably affected by another frequency of vibration, thereby treating the material.

3. The method of treating a paving or like material, some particles of which best respond to vibratory forces of one frequency, and other particles of which best respond to vibratory forces of another frequency, the material also responding favorably to vibratory forces having components in a plurality of non-coincident planes, consisting in bringing into contact with the material a body and subjecting the body to the action of a plurality of vibrators for simultaneously vibrating it with a plurality of frequencies and imparting such frequencies to the material, and simultaneously imparting to the material vibratory forces having components in a plurality of non-coincident planes.

4. In an apparatus of the kind described, a member to be vibrated, a first shaft supported on the member, an out-of-balance weight on the first shaft, a second shaft supported on the member, an out-of-balance weight on the second shaft, a third shaft supported on the memher, an out-of-balance weight on the third shaft,

said shafts being so relatively located that their weights rotate in intersecting planes, means for rotating said shafts to thereby impart to the member vibratory forces having components in at least three non-coincident planes.

5. In an apparatus of the kind described, a member to be vibrated, a first weight supported on the member, power .means rotating the first weight around a first axis of the member, a second weight supported on the member, and power means for oscillating the second weight along a second axis of the member intersecting the said Plane, thereby imparting to the member vibratory forces having components in at least two intersecting planes.

6. In apparatus of the kind described, a memher to be vibrated,.a first weight supported on the member, power means rotating the first weight along a first axis of the member, a second weight supported on the member, power means for rotating the second weight around a second axis of the member non-coincident with the first axis, a third weight supported on the member, power means for rotating the third weight around a third axis of the member, thereby imparting to the member vibratory forces having components in at least three intesrsecting planes.

7. In an apparatus of the kind described, a member to be vibrated, a shaft supported on the member, an out-of-balance weight on the shaft, means for rotating the shaft, a reciprocating weight supported on the member, means for reciprocating the weight along an axis, the axis of the second weight intersecting the planes of rotation of the other weight, thereby imparting to the member, vibratory forces having components in a plurality of non-coincident planes,

9. In an apparatus of the kind described, a

support, a plurality of vibrating members mounted on the support and adapted to operate in contact with material to be vibrated. a vibrating means carried by each member for imparting thereto and therethrough to the material, vibratory forces said vibrating means being arranged in intersecting planes for creating vibratory forces having components in at least three intersecting planes.

10. In apparatus or the kind described, a carriage at least partly supported by wheels for engaging fixed means which restrain a material to be vibrated, means for propelling the carriage along said fixed means, a vibrating element mounted on the carriage and means for eflecting upward and downward adjustment of the element relative to the wheels, said element being mounted to make lateral contact with the material during at least part oi the interval or propulsion of the carriage, means associated with saidelement arranged for partial support or a portion of the material and means for vibrating said last-named means.

ROBERT WILLIAM BAILY.

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