US2259829A - Building construction - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 21, 1941. R. M. NYHAGEN, JR 2,259,829 v BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb. 24, 1940 /2 Y [j' d I /4 ,/4 I u /6 n// i 0 l .C @eG *o OQ Q O Q frz deaf@ c/KW/ @en fr Patented Oct. Z1, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE` f l $59,829 i V I* BUILDNG CONSTRUCTION Y yhagen, Jr., Chicago, Ill.

Y Application February 24, 1940, Serial No. 320,627

Y s claims.` (C1.72--106) This invention relates to building construction includingwalls comprising structural unitslof stone,'terra cotta,tgranite, marble or other materials susceptible of being damaged or ruptured byexcess pressure orweight, andto `means-:for preventingsuch destruction., d Y Y j Among the objects of my inventionris` to provide a filler or joint that not only Acompresses when a given loadris imposed upon it, but also is adapted to return toward or to its original position when the load is lessenedor diminished. The ability of my device to expand, spring back or return to or toward `its original` position is based on its own strength in relation to the added orA decreasedweightimposed or lessened., ,This is accomplishedby designing this device .to sustain a certain Weight, to br'eak downwhen that weight is exceeded and toexpand `or push back toward its original position when the excessl Weight is diminished or lessened.

regulate the maximum load to be imposed on the above mentioned structural units and to insure that the imposed weight will 'not exceed a vgiven capacity. Also, when this excess Weight is released, as in the case ofthese structural units having expanded due to temperature changesl and imposing an excess weight on theseV units and then a contraction due to opposite temperature changes Vcausing this weight to be released, my device will have the ability to force this structural unit tothe pointof Imaintaining the desired, Yintended Weight. Consequently, when the lightening of the weight on these units becomes sufficient that there is a' possibility of that undesirable feature, a loose or open joint, my device will possess suicient strength toexpand, thereby maintaining a watertight course and compensationV for the movement resulting from contraction as Well as havingfallowed for previous movement Vwhich resultedfrom the expansion of the facing units. 1 As an example, we will presume that my deviceis designed to carry a load of 100 `pounds per square inch. The structural units have` been saddled with an excessive load dueto various unavoidable-and ever-present movements. My device will compress to that point where this excess pressure has been lessened to 100 pounds per square inch on the struc-A tural units. sume,. creates a contraction in the structural units Whichcauses the load to lessen to the point Where there is not enough weight to create a tight bond, which will result in -an open course or joint. In'this condition my inventionpret Y An advantage obtained :Irom my device'is to A The next movement, we'will as;

sents enough strength to force itself to thicken` thereby returning the desired poundper square inch weight to the structural-units; l j

Referring to the drawing, Fig. A1 is a perspective view of my compressible and expansibl ller; Fig. 2 is a sectional View vof the device shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional View of a wall with my filler therein; Figs. 4 and, 5 -are sectional views of different embodimentsofmy ller.

The embodiment selected to illustratev my in-` vention in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a compressible and expansible body member Ill having `a plurality of angular sections VI formed bygupwardly inclined portions I2 extending to peaksv I3 and continuing on the other side as downwardly inclined portions I4 to valleys IIL` An envelope or coverv I6 is formed of such a size as4 to substantially inclose the body member Ill and to leave a space kI'I to receive the body member I0 whenever the bodymember is compressed.'

In Fig. 3a wall I8 is shown with an embedded bolt I9 supporting an angle iron 20, and facing units or blocks 2|, 22 and 273, and mortar, mastic or other filling 2li.l y 1 A The body member I is made of sheet metal, metal alloys, rubber or similar elastic material rof sufficient strength to carry a definite `'weight and break downtat a given point, and als'ovhav'ing suiiicient spring or elastic strength to return toA or toward its original positionV when that weight is lessened or released. The cover orenvelope I6 is for the purpose of added insurance against any possible moisture at this level duetov the irregular profile ofthe body member. Also, the cover` is to insure a uniform bearing on which` thev body member may ride. TheV cover is made of metal, metal alloy or other such material of equal or less strengththan the body member I0 andl is capable of resisting the attacks of the elements. The space I'I is advantageous although not absolutely necessary in that it affords roomrto receive the body member I0 and directs its movement when it is crushed down' or compressed.

The preferable location for this space is to enable the body member to move toward the rear or away from the face of the structural units. In Fig. 3 my filler is shown at some point above or below the shelf angle 2U. This is not necessary and is only for convenience. The shelf anglegz is anchored onto theVweight-carrying column I 8. This is a usual form of construction. The purpose isfor this shelf angle to transfer the WeightA of the facing units (onto theweightcarrying columns at each floor or wherever these shelf angles are placed.

The facing unit 2| cannot always rest on the shelf angle as intended due to the compression of steel, expansion of stone, faulty setting and other causes. Thus the weight of facing unit 2| together with the weight of the above facing units are thrust upon facing unit 22 which is transferred to the lower facing units, and so on down. At this point myller is crushed to the point of permitting facing unit 2| to rest on the shelf angle 20 Which transfers the weight to structural member |8. The condition of expansion of the stone which has contributed to the excessrpressure is subject to contraction when the next reverse temperature change occurs. Existing structures make no allowance for this contractive movement. At this point, when the facing units contract, my invention will maintain the weight in the wall by forcing itself toward its original position. If this is not done the facing unit 2| will remain on the shelf angle 20 while facing unit 22-will draw away from facingunit 2| This condition will be-repeated at eachv shelf angle. This must occur as the colder temperature has created a shorter distance from facing unit 22 above or below than that distance between. shelf. angle 20 and the corresponding shelf angle above or below.

Inv Fig. 4 a slightly different embodiment of my invention discloses a body portion I with a plurality -of sections formed byupwardly inclined portions |2 extending to peaks..|3 and continuing on the other side as downwardly inclined portions |I| to valleys |5.-A Atthe end of one of the valleys |511 continue :integrally V`with the body portion l0. to form av bent back portion 25. 'Ihis eliminates the need of :a separate cover or envelope I6.

In Fig. 5A my filler is .shown as the body portionV as heretofore -described for -use in the -building construction without a cover lli. Y

This invention is not confined to the above described type of construction, but-alsowhere thefacing units are anchored or. bonded. onto thefloor as well as in wall bearing. structures. While I prefer tov construct my joint of a type of-spring steel, steel alloys, fiber, rubber-metal or the like, yet it is within the spirit. of VVmy invention to construct my jointof any` compressible material with su-flicient strength-to return to its original position after it has. been compressed. The preferred shape. of the body member as shown in Fig. 2 is of peaksA and valleys.y

However any series of raised portions lmaybe used such as a single concave or convexdistortion, a plurality of concave or convex distortions, multiple or individual springs, tubes, cones, pyramids or angles. The direction orlplacing of the above described shapes and forms maybe spaced and inter-spaced so often or seldom as desired and in any direction in relation tothe face.

The ends of the envelope |^6 need not meet as shown in Fig. 1. The extent of this envelope may cover the body member in entirety or in part.

Also, the body member I0 may be used by itself withoutthey cover as shown in Fig. 5. In the event the body member |lis used alone it would be desirable to recess Vthe same from the face of the structural uni-ts and Vinsert a suflicient amount of waterproofing-compound to, insure a water-tight course. Also, as shown in Fig. 4 the body member may be continued so as to produce a distortion with a plain border 25 to be folded onto itself, so that the body member l0 and cover 25 constitute one piece before folding and a single unit after the piece has been folded onto itself. 'I'his form may be folded to be a border on one side or both sides with the distortion down the center, near the center or on one side. This form may be used as often as desired in any height.

By maintaining a constant, uniform weight throughout the various seasons and conditions and by centralizing the various movements at Va given point, that is, the course at which my filler is placed, there should be no reason to ever have spalls or cracks due to expansion, contraction, compression, settlement, wind stress, faulty setting and other destructive movement. Also, the use of my invention eliminates practically all future tuck-pointing.

My invention contemplates such other objects, advantages and capabilities as are inherently possessed Aby my invention. While I have shown and. described herein preferred embodiments-of my invention, yet I wish it understood that the same are susceptible of modification and change withoutideparting from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: 1. In a building construction having a wall, a plurality of vertically. spaced shelf angles attached to said wall, a plurality of vvertically arranged; facing units between each shelf angle, the facing unit immediately above an adjacent shelf angle resting thereon, afplurality of cushion joints, each of said. cushion joints comprising aI body member of resilient material, said body member having a plurality of upwardly and downwardly. extending portions forming spaced peaks and-valleys, said cushion joints verticallyospaced and positioned ybetween said facing units and supporting,V the weight of the facing units thereabove, said cushion joints adapted to carry a known weight in normal position, to compressA upon receipt of excess weight and to return .toward and tonormal position upon the lessening and removal of the excess weight thereon. v

2. In a building construction having a wall, a plurality of vertically. spaced shelf angles attached to said wall,a pluralityv of vertically arranged facing unitsbetween each shelf angle, thefacing unit immediately above anadjacent shelf angle resting thereon, a plurality of cushionY joints, each of said cushion joints comprising a body member ofresilient material, said body memberV having a plurality of upwardly and downwardly extending portions forming spaced peaks and valleysan envelope. inclosing said body member, said envelope of material less resilient than said. body member, said envelope having space to receive the body member in compressed position, said cushion joints vertically spaced and positioned betweensaid facing units and 4supporting the weight ofthe facing` units thereabove, said cushion joints adapted to carry a known weight in normal position, to compress upon receipt of excess weight, and to return toward and tonormal position upon the lessening and removal ofthe excess Weight thereon.

3. In a building construction having a wall, aplurality of vertically spaced shelfl angles attached to saidl wall, a plurality of vertically arranged facing units between each shelf angle, the facing unit immediately above an adjacent shelf angle resting thereon, a plurality of cushion joints, each of said cushion joints comprising a body member of resilient material, said body member having a plurality of upwardly and downwardly extending portions forming spaced peaks and Valleys, said body member bent back 5 on itself to form a substantially straight cover portion, said cushion joints vertically spaced and positioned between said facing units and sup- RICHARD M. NYHAGEN, JR.

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