US2259345A - Abrasive wheel and reinforcing mounting - Google Patents

Description

Get. 14, 1941. I J, N. KUZMIYCK FLTAL 2,259,345

ABRASIVE WHEEL AND REINFORCING MOUNTING Fi led Sept. 9, 1940 JOSEPA YETQBZMICK BYPAUL L KUZ MICK ,l- ATTORNEYS Patented Oct. 14, 1941 UNITED STATESNPATENT oFFicE' snaasrvn wnnaaannaamroacme Joseph N. Kuzmlck and Paul L; Kaxmick, Clifton, N. 1., assignorsto Baybestoa-Manhattamlna, Pascale, N. 1., a corporation of New Jersey Application September 9, 1940, Serial No. 355,992

8 Claim. (Cl. 51-206) This invention relates to abrasive or grinding wheels, and more particularly to abrasive wheels provided with reinforcingmountings. Y

The prime object of our present invention cen ters about the provision of an improved commexu cially practical mounting for abrasive or grinding wheels, which functions to substantially inhibit rupturing of the wheel in operation, and in the event of rupturing, to prevent wheel fragments from flying out radially under the action of centrifugal force and injuring the operator. There has been a great demand in the art for a practical device for reinforcing the structure of anabrasive wheel at its mounting, and for reducing the hazards or risks resulting from the fracturing, breaking or rupturing of wheels particularlyduring high speed operation. Numerous suggestions have been made to meet this demand and to solve the involved problems. The suggestions thus far proposed, however, have had certain limitationswhich have prevented their'general adoption or even their use to any practical commercial extent.

These previously suggested reinforcing devices embody the incorporation between the abrasive wheel faces and the usual clamping plates (used to clamp the wheel to the power shaft) of reinforcing members which are designed to exert a more efiective grip on the abrasive wheel faces. It was quite common in the old art to use washers of a soft pliable material, such as lead, rubber or leather, as the reinforcing members; but these were found entirely unsatisfactory. In the more recent art, it has been suggested to make these reinforcing members in the form of metal discs or plates, which are either clamped "or permanently secured to the wheel faces by some yielding bonding material, such as resilient rubber;

, and in an endeavor to make this form of reinwith this type of reinforcing device is that the reinforcing discs or plates have to cover a very extensive area of the wheel, thus considerably reducing the available usable, wheel volume. The requirement that the reinforcing plate had to extend over so large a part of the area of the wheel was probably due to the difliculty of securing the necessary adhesion to the metal discs or plates, because of the inadequate amount of bonding medium used and the smoothness of the plate or disc surface; In anattempt to solve this dimculty or limitation, it has been suggested 55 reimeiit mounting elements are integrally united as material is supplied in an amount adeq the grinding machine at various intervals and vrequires special tools to remove the scored annular portions. Also, since the workability of these suggested devices depends on the predetermined thinness of rubber bonding medium employed between the abrasive wheel face and the reinforcing plates or discs, the manufacture of the device becomes too costly, since skill is required to apply the reinforcing members and since the thickness of the bonding medium employed must vary with the type of grade and grain of the wheel, of which there is a very large variety. These are some of the reasons that these suggestions of more recent origin have not been adopted to any great extent.

In our present invention, we provide a primary reinforcing member in the form of a fine wire mesh screen (woven wire cloth), which is positinned immediately contiguous to the abrasive mounting face of the wheel so that the abrasive wheel faceiand the contiguous screen member provide a multitude of engaging points and intermeshing areas, the said wire screen member' 80, being then bonded to the abrasive wheel face by a cementing bonding material which is forcibly embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of the screen member. The cementing bonding uate to effect an integral union between the wire \mesh screen member and the abrasive wheel face, and

to cover the body of the screen member itself, the thickness of the layer of cementing material to being in fact determined by the thickness of the screen member. In one of thepreferred forms of the invention, we also provide a secondary reinforcing member in the form of a metal plate mounted over the screen member and bonded thereto by the outer surface of. the layer of cementing medium, the cementing material being adequate inamount to wet and coat the entire surfaceo'f the said metal plateand unite the same over such entire surfaceto the wire mesh screen member. We have also found that this form of reinforcing devicemay be effectively. combined with resilient elements for making a combined reinforcing and resilient mounting; and, according to another form of the invention,

to the outer faces of the metallic plate secondary reinforcing members.

This reinforcing mounting for abrasive wheels in'all of the modifications of the present invention, is found to possess the following important advantages:

1. The wire mesh screen or woven wire cloth forms a strong primary reinforcing member.

2. The position of the wire mesh screen member immediately contiguous to the abrasive mounting face of the wheel provides a multitude of engaging points and intermeshing areas, which, when combined with a suitable bond, provide an ideal means to resist fracturing of the wheel or radial movement of a broken wheel fragment due to centrifugal stress.

3. The cementing bonding medium embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of the screen member and filling the spaces therebe tween, is effective in uniting the screen member elements to the abrasive wheel face elements so.

strongly as to produce the ideal reinforcement.

4. The wire mesh screen member acts as a well for the cementing medium and also as a metering device therefor, to control the thickness of the cementing layer, it being desired that this layer be thick enough to supply sufficient cementing material to accomplish all the functions necessary, namely, the filling of the said interstices, the covering of the screen member, and the coating of the secondary metal plate reinforcing member which is mounted on the screen member and united thereto. 5. This construction is unaffected by the grade or grain of the abrasive wheel and does not require individual modification for difierent types of abrasive wheels.

6. Because of the perfect adhesion obtained between the primary reinforcing member and the abrasive wheel face, the reinforcing device may be localized to the area of the usual clamping plates and flanges employed therewith,

. whereby the usable volume of abrading material is notreduced. a v 7. The reinforcing device may be readily combined with resilient mounting elements.

With the practice of our invention, we have been unable to rupture commercial abrasive wheels even when the same are ov'er-speeded up to the limit of speed available on the usual testing equipment, the stress imposed on the wheels at such over-speeding points being 650% over normal operating speed. In order to further prove the efficiency of the device of the invention, a standard abrasive wheel broken into four quarters was reassembled and equipped vwith the reinforcing mounting of the invention.

This wheel was and is capable ofbeing operated at normal operating speed, without any of the fragments breaking loose. Even when a wheel of this character is overspeeded to 100% over operating speed (imposing a stress of over 400% normal on the broken fragments), small fragments begin to break loose, but only outside the sphere of the reinforcing mounting.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing obing mounting of the present invention applied thereto, parts being shown in section explanatory of the finished product and other parts being shown detached, explanatory of the method of assembling and making the mounting; this Fig. 1 shows the use of only the primary reinforcing member;

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modification, this view showing the additional use of the secondary reinforcing member; and

Fig. 3 is a view of a further modification similar to that of Fig. 2, but showing'additlonally the use therewith of resilient mounting elements.

Referring now more in detail to the drawin and having reference first to Fig. 1 which shows the first mentioned modification of the invention, the abrasive wheel l0, only the central or mounting section of which is shown (the other parts being broken away as indicated), comprises a wheel body composed of abrasive grains II, I! bonded together by any suitablebonding medium l2, such, for example, as rubber or a synthetic resin. The said wheel is formed with the opposed abrasive wheel faces 63, i3 (abrasive grains coated with the bond), which, be-

cause of the abrasive nature thereof, present a rough or broken face having numerous and irregular projecting points and interstices, as will be evident from an inspection of the said Fig. l. The wheel It is formed with the us a1 mounting hole M, which, in the modificaion shown in Fig. i, may be provided with a conventional type of lead bushing i5.

the desired reinforcement is efiectuated. The

screen 86 is, therefore, united to the wheel face II by a cementing medium H which is forcibly embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of the screen member and which fills all the spaces therebetween. This cementing bonding material also covers the body of the screen member and forms a bond layer of a thickness commensurate, that is to say, in equal extent, with that of the screen member, as is clearly shown in the assembled part of Fig. 1 of the drawing. The bonding material in this form of the invention may be a synthetic resin or resinoid composition such as a phenol aide hyde product. 2

iects and results, and such other objects as may hereinafter appear, our present invention com-.

prises the structural combinations hereinafter sought to be defined in the claims and described more in detail hereinbelow m connection'with the appended drawing, in which, a

Fig. 1 is a view of the mounted section of an abrasive wheel, with one form of the reinforc- To produce this construction and this relation of the elements, the reinforcing mounting is made according to the following method: A ply of a plastic cementing material such as l1,

which may be a synthetic resinoid composition in the potentially reactive state, is placed on the abrasive mounting face l3 of the wheel, and a screen member I8' is placed on said ply of plastic cementing material. This assembly is then subjected to heat and pressure between the platens of a hydraulic press. In this operation. the screen member 16' is forced through the ply I 1' of cementing material and Into direct engagement with the abrasive wheel face I3, the said cementing material being forced into and becoming embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasive face of the wheel and the mesh of the screen member. g

It will be noted that the cementing material completely fills and covers the body of the screen member IS, the screen acting as a Welland also as a metering device to determine the. thickness of the cementing medium and to prevent the re duction in thickness thereof which would otherwise take place under thepressure exerted by the platens of the hydraulic press.

When, as in the form shown in Fig. 1, the screen member alone is relied upon as the reinforcing means, the mesh screen may be somewhat thicker than the case where the mesh screen is employed in combination with a secondary reinforcing means (Figs.2 and 3 of the drawing); and in the form shown in Fig. 1, this mesh screen may be approximately 132" in thickness. The layer of cementing medium II in this instance may also be approximately in thickness. The ultimate thickness of the cementing layer is, as stated, governed by the thickness of the mesh screen, any excess of cementing material being squeezed out by the applied pressure in the. assembling operation.

In the modification shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing, the primary reinforcing member is associated with a secondary reinforcing member, the latter in the form of a metal plate or disc. The other parts of this modification are otherwise the same as those of Fig. 1 of the drawin (with the differences to be noted), andareindicated by similar reference numerals. The differences are that in the modification of Fig. 2 of the drawing, the screen members I6 and I6 are substantially thinner and the wire thereof finer, and the cementing layers i1 and II'are substantially thinner than those shown in the modification of Fig. 1 of the drawing. The

screen members and the cementing layers of Fig. 2 maybe, for example, approximately 5 1" thick. The secondary reinforcing members in the form of the plates or discs l8 and [8' are the screen members 16 and I6, and are united or bonded thereto by the cementing layers I1 and ll, the amount of cementing medium being adequate to uniformly and'completely coat the inside faces of the metal plates or discs I8 and J8 so as to effectively unite these to the screen members. In the form of the invention shown in this Fig. 2, which is one of the preferred inbeing-integrally and strongly united with the primary reinforcing members.

In the modification of Fig. 3 of the drawing, we show the reinforcing device of Fig. 2 of the drawing combined with resilient mounting elements. The reinforcing device of Fig. 3 is the same (with the differences to be noted) as those of Fig. 2 of the drawing, and similar parts are indicated by similar reference characters. In this form of the invention, the cementing layers I! and I1 consist preferably of plies of synthetic rubber such as Neoprene or Runs. in the rub bery but unpolymerized state. The thickness of each of the elements l6 to IE and Hi to 18' in this form of the invention is also approximately 5%". Instead of the conventional type of lead bushing shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing, we provide in the Fig. 3 modification a resilient bushing mounting of the type set forth in the patent to Paul L. Kuzmick, No. 2,187,350, granted January 16, 1940, this comprising a resilient member (for each side or part of the wheel mounting) comprising a bushing part 19 insert-, able in the mounting hole I! of the wheel, an integral disc part 20 radiating from the bushing part, and a compression bead 2| axially protrudpositioned immediately over the outer faces of ventive forms, the cementitious plies I! and H comprise vulcanized rubber.

This form of the invention (Fig. 2) is assem bled by-the following method: The ply or layer ll of unvulcanized rubber is placed on the abrasive mounting face of the wheel (on each side thereof), the metal screen member I6 is placed on the said ply or layer of unvulcanized rubber,

ing from the bushing part, the resilient member being preferably a rubber unit.

In assembling and making this form of the invention, the following method or procedure is employed, the assembling being carried out for both sides of the wheel: 'The layer of synthetic rubber I1 is placed on the abrasive mounting face of the wheel, the screen member I6 is then placed over the ply ll of synthetic rubber, the

metal plate or disc I8 is then placed over the screen member l6, and the upper or exposed sid of this metal plate I8 is then coated with any ing, except that the wheel and its mounting are now resiliently carried by the. united resilient bushing elements.

The manner of making and using abrasive wheels and the reinforcing mountings therefor of our present invention and the many advantages thereof, will, in the main, be fully apparent from the above-detailed description thereof. Because of the perfect adhesion obtained between the primary reinforcing member and the abrasive wheel face, the reinforcing device may be localized as shown in each of Figs. 1 to 3 of the drawing, tothe area of the usual clamping plates whereby the usable volume of abrading material may be utilized. This is a factor of great economical andcommercial importance. The improved reinforcing mounting is relatively simple in construction in any of its forms. It functions to substantially inhibit rupturing or bursting of the wheel at high speed operation, and even whenmenting medium and assure that an adequate supply thereof is available for all of the uniting functions necessary, particularly when the secondary reinforcing members are combined with .'the primary reinforcing members.

A structure is produced which is unafiected by the grade or grain of the abrasive wheel, and which does not require individual modification for different types of abrasive wheels, of which-there are a great variety. The reinforcing device of the invention is so designed that it may be readily combined with resilient mounting elements so as to produce a' combined reinforcing and resilient mounting for the abrasive wheel;

It will be apparent that many changes may be made in the construction and in the method of making the same, without departing from the spirit of the invention defined by the following claims.

We claim:

1. An abrasive wheel and reinforcing mounting comprising, an abrasive wheel body having an abrasive mounting face, a woven wire cloth member positioned immediately contiguous to and in engagement with the abrasive mounting face of the wheel, the said abrasive wheel face and the contiguous woven wire cloth member providing a multitude 'of engaging points and intermeshing areas, and a cementing medium bonding the woven wire .cloth member and the abrasive wheel .face, the cementing bonding material being embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of the woven wire cloth member and filling the spaces therebetween, the cementing bonding material also covering the body of the Woven wire cloth member and forming a bond layer of a thickness substantially equal to that of the woven wire cloth member.

2. An abrasive wheel and reinforcing mounting comprising, an abrasive wheel body having an abrasive mounting face, a woven wire cloth mem-. ber positioned immediately contiguous to and in engagement with the abrasive mounting face of the wheel and limited in size to the normal clamping area of the said wheel, the said abrasive wheel face and the contiguous woven wire cloth member providing a multiude of engaging points and intermeshing areas, and a cementing medium bonding the woven wire cloth member and the abrasive wheel face, the cementing bonding material being embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of the woven wire cloth member and filling the spaces therebetween, the cementing bonding material also covering the body of the Woven wire cloth member and forming a bond'layer of a thickness substantially equal to that of the wove wire cloth member.

3. An abrasive wheel and reinforcing mounting comprising, an abrasive wheel body having opposite abrasive mounting faces, a woven wire cloth member positioned immediately contiguous to and-in engagement with each abrasive mounting face of the wheel, each said abrasive wheel face and contiguous woven wire cloth member providing a multitude of engaging points and intermeshing areas, and a cementing medium bonding each woven wire cloth member to the associated abrasive wheel face, the cementing bonding material being embedded inthe interstices provided by both, the said abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of the woven wire cloth member and filling the spaces therebe- I tween, the cementing bonding material also covaesaaet v ering the body of each woven wire cloth member and forming a bond layer of a thickness substantially equal to that of the said woven wire cloth member.

4. An abrasive wheel and reinforcing mounting comprising, an abrasive wheel body having an abrasive mounting face, a wire mesh screen primary reinforcing member positioned immediately contiguous to and in engagement with the abrasive mounting face of the wheel, the said abrasive wheel face and the contiguous screen member providing a multiple of engaging points.

and intermeshing areas, ametal plate secondary reinforcing member mounted over said screen member, and a cementing medium bonding the screen member to the abrasive wheel face and the metal plate member to the screen member, the cementing bonding material being embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of thescreen member and filling the spaces therebetween, the.

cementing material also covering the body of the screen member and uniting the metal plate member thereto, the cementing material forming a bond layer of a thickness commensurate with that of the screen member.

5. An abrasive wheel having opposed abrasive mounting faces, and a reinforcing mounting therefor limited in size to the normal wheel clamping area for each mounting face including the following: a wire mesh screen primary reinforcing member positioned immediately contiguous to and in engagement with the abrasive wheel face, the said abrasive wheel face and the contiguous screen member providing a multiple of engaging point and intermeshing areas, a metal plate secondary reinforcing member mounted over said screen member, and a cementing medium bonding the screen member to the abrasive wheel face and the metal plate member to the screen member, the cementing bonding material being embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of the screen member and filling the spaces therebetween, the cementing material also covering the body of the screen member and uniting the metal plate member thereto, the cementing material forming a bond layer of a thickness commensurate with, that of the screen member.

6. An abrasive wheel and reinforcing and resilient mounting comprising, an abrasive wheel body having an abrasive mounting face, a wire mesh screen primary reinforcing member positioned immediately contiguous to the abrasive mounting face of the wheel, the said abrasive wheel face and the contiguous screen member providing a multitude of engaging points and intermeshlng areas, a metal plate secondary reinforcing member mounted cver said screen member, a cementing medium bonding the screen member to the abrasive wheel face and the metal plate member to the screen member, the cementing bonding material being embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasive face of thewheel and the wire mesh of the screen member and filling the spaces therebetween, the cementing material also covering the body of the screen member and uniting the metal plate member thereto, the cementing material forming a bond layer of a thickness commensurate with that of the screen member, and a resilient member having a bushing part received by the mounting hole of the wheel and a disc part cemented to the outer face of said metal plate.

'7. An abrasive wheel and a reinforcing and resilient mounting therefor I comprising, an abrasive wheel body having an abrasive mounting face, a wire mesh screen member positioned immediately contiguous to the abrasive mounting face of the wheel, a metal plate member mounted over said screen member, and a cementing medium bonding the screen member to the abrasive wheel face and the metal plate member to the mounting therefor comprising for each mounting face the following: a wire mesh screen member positioned immediately contiguous to the abrasive mountingface, a metal plate member mounted over said screen member, and a cementing medium bonding the screen member to the abrasive wheel face and the metaI pIate member to the screen member, the cementing material forming a bond layer of a thickness commensurate with that of the screen member, and a resilient member having a bushing part received by the mounting hole of the wheel and a disc part cemented to the outer face of the metal plate.

JOSEPH N. KUZMICK.

/ PAUL L. KUZMICK.

Images