US2258136A

US2258136A - Hydraulic governor

Info

Publication number: US2258136A
Application number: US277509A
Authority: US
Inventors: Folgmann August
Original assignee: Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: CBS Corp
Priority date: 1938-06-04
Filing date: 1939-06-05
Publication date: 1941-10-07
Anticipated expiration: 1958-10-07

Description

Oct. 7, 1941.v A. FoLGMANN HYDRAULIC GOVERNOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 5, 1959 mvENToR HuausT FoLciMnNl f3 UPM-m' ATTORNEY Oct. 7, 1941. I A. FOLGMANN HYDRAULIC GOVERNOR Filed June 5 1939 I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR RUMST Fwmnu.

m Il v. u l

ra uml! IIIIIIIIIIIH 1| "III Cb, 15,@ f ATTORNEY am .Tm

Patented Oct. 7, 1941 HYDRAULIC GOVERNOR August lolgmann,` i Berlin-Falkensee, Germany, assigner to Westinghouse Electric &Manufacr turing Company, East Pittsburgh, poration of Pennsylvania Application June 5, 1939, Serial No. 277,599

Pa., a cor- In Germany June 4, 1938 13 Claims.

(Granted under the provisions of sec. 14, act of March 2, 192751357 O. G. )V

' -My inventicnrelates to hydraulic governors for prime movers, and has for an object the provision of a governor constructionY which will be usefulfor all possible conditions of operation. H'eretofore, hydraulic governorsl for prime movers have been designed especially for each installation with which they are used, as the' same operating; conditions are seldom present ina vplurality of such installations, and a governor designed for one prime mover would probably' be unsatisfactory for another prime mover. Therefore, itV isa further object of Ymy invention to'provide a'governor which can be produced in quantities andkept in stock for use with any primeV mover installation;

My invention relates tothe'use of a governor in'which two'gear pumps are operated by a common drivemechanism driven directly from the prime' mover, the pumps delivering a pressureA regulating fluid, andV changein speedv of the prime moverV producing ther corresponding changeY inthe regulating fluid pressure. I so design/'my governor that a change of rateof discharge of `duid at the outlet sideof one of the pumps, due to a changefin'primel mover speed, regulates the governing Ymedium flow at the outlet-oi the other pump, whereby the pressure'change at the outlet of this latter Ypump is utilized to regulate the `steam admission valve of the prime-V mover.

My invention provides for the mountingV of thesepumps' separately in a common-chamber cr'housing, thereby providing, in a single structure, means for regulating prime movers'under any or all operating conditions. To this end, I berecut the pump shafts and provide them with communicating passages together with adjustable closures for these bores, which closures may be operated bytpressureat `various lsources assooiatedwith4 the prime mover.

If the pump gears were arranged as a planet drive, in any wellknown manner,` wherein all ef the gearsare driven by a centrally located gear, onewould have (if for instance two pumps were used) Vonly three shaftsor spindles which could be provided with boresvfor the purpose of'.

controlling theregulating fluid'v pressure'. f However, with the arrangementY whichY Iv propose, I

have'providedfour pump,^sllaits,V as well as A the shaft of the main driving gear, which may be bored out and provided with control mechanism. Thus. it is possible to bring into'acticn as rmany three additional regulating-impulses. Consequently, my improved governor can actually meet all possible demands', which is impossible with 55 the planetary arrangement previously mentioned.

Therefore, it is a further object of my invention to provide-a governor mechanism including two separate gear pumpsoperated by a common driving gear,y and in which theV shaft of said driving gear, as well. asthe shafts of the pump gears, may be provided with bores and adjustable control means. thereforfoperable due to various prime mover conditions.

These and other objects are effected by my invention as will be apparent fromthe following descriptionand claimstaken in connection lwith the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application, in which:

Fig.. 1 is asectional, somewhat diagrammatic, i

1 Fig. Saris a diagrammatic viewof the hook-up Orgias; ,A Fig. 4 isa View similar tojFig. -3 but shows the governor mechanism provided with an addi,- tional impulse-producing means; Fig. 4.ais a diagrammatic view Aofthe hook-up ofliigni;Y

Fig. 5 is a View similar: to,` Fig. 4 but showing the mechanism arranged to regulate three steam admission valves; and,

Fig. 5a is a diagrammatic view of the hook-up ofFig.5. y" Referring now to the drawings more in detail, there is shown in Fig. 1 the simplest arrangementVY of my invention in which one valve, for instance the steam inlet valve oa turbine, is governed directly by the speedY of' the prime mover of the turbine. vNumeral I 'indicates a governor housing in. which are mounted two gearv pumps, one being comprised by intermeshing gearsjZ and@ and the 'other by interme'shin'g gears' 4 and. 5;v These gears areV mounted on? y shafts Sito 9, respectively, and are driven'by' aV shaft Ill carrying a common driving gearY l associated with the gears I3 and `Hl'of thetwo gear pumps, the last-named gears-being mounted on the shafts? and. 8, respectively;

For the sake of clearnessf, the' pump comprised" by gears 2 and 3 will'be referred to as the number I pump and the other pump referred to as the number 2 pump. Pump number I draws regulating fluid, for instance oil, from any suitable source, such as an oil sump (not shown) in through the opening I4 and forces the same out through corresponding opening I5 to the passage I6. This passage terminates in the annular groove I1, surrounding the shaft 6, whereby communication is established with the passage I8 communicating with an axially-extending bore I9 in said shaft. This bore I9 provides, at one end of the shaft 6, a discharge opening controlled by a needle valve 20, providing for an adjustable discharge ow from the number I pump. The other end of the bore I9 is connected by a cross bore 2| with an annular passage 22 establishing communication, through the passage 23 with another annular passage 24, the

latter in turn communicating through the cross bore 25 with one end of the axially-extending bore 26 in the shaft 1. 'I'he bore 2'6 terminates at one end of the shaft 'I in a space 21 defined by a sleeve cap 28 movable longitudinally of the shaft 1 under the influence of the compression spring 29, the latter tending to force the sleeve downwardly against the end of the shaft 1.

The number 2 pump is provided with an opening 30 through which regulating oil, from the same source as that used by the number I pump is drawn, to be discharged through a corresponding opening to the passage 3|. This latter passage communicates with the passage 32 terminating in an annular passage 33 surrounding the shaft 1. A cross borey 34 in this shaft together with an axially-extending passage 35 provides for ilow of fluid from the passage 32 to the port 36, the latter being controlled by the cap sleeve 28.

The passage 32 communicates with the line 31 connected with a servo-motor 38 controlling operation of the steam inlet valve 39.

In the operation of this form of my invention, just described, an increase in speed of the prime mover will result in a tendency for increased flow of regulating fluid through the pumps, but inasmuch as the needle valve 29 produces a constant discharge opening for the end of the bore I9, the pressure within this bore and the communicating bore 26 and space 21 will be increased, resulting in movement of the cap sleeve 28 to compress the spring 29 and enlarge the discharge opening 36 of the number 2 pump. The enlargement of this latter discharge opening permits a-pressure drop inthe passage 32 providing for downward movement of the piston of the servo-motor 38,

' The structure of this modification diifers from that of Fig. l in that the shaft 9 of the number 2 pump is provided with a bore 40 communicatlng, through the cross bore 4I and annular passage 42, with the passage 32. This bore 4I] provides a discharge or spill port for the passage 32 which is adjustably controlled by the expectedvalue-transformer-impulse acting as a force 43 upon the regulating mechanism 44; the latter consisting of a housing 45 enclosing a flexible diaphragm or bellows 46 which is held in tension against the force of the spring 41. This diaphragm is closed at its upper end by a plate 48 to which a valve or regulating pin 49 is attached, this pin serving to vary the area of the discharge opening of the bore 40 in the shaft 9. It will be apparent that change in the pressure at 43 will result in a change in the position of the valve 49 and a corresponding increase or reduction in the discharge ow through the outlet provided by the bore 40.

The impulse pressure acting at 43 is directed at the point marked 43 in Fig. 2a. Except for the arrangement of the bore 40, providing for the influence of the additional impulse pressure, the operation of this modification is the same as that of Fig. 1.

In Fig. 3, I have shown an arrangement of passages in my governor which provide for the regulation of a simple bleeder layout, as shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3a. The valves 50 and 5I in Fig. 3 correspond to the valves of Fig, 3a having the same reference characters.

In this arrangement, the shaft 8, as well as the shaft 9, is provided with an axial bore including an enlarged upper portion 52 and a small lower portion 53, the juncture point of these two portions defining a seat 54 adapted to cooperate with a needle valve 55 operated by an impulse mechanism 56.

The mechanism 56 is comprised by a pair of flexible concentrically-disposed cylindrical diaphragm members 51 defining a chamber 58, to the interior of which an impulse pressure (indicated by the arrow 59) may be supplied. The plate 60 closes one end of the chamber 58 and abuts against the compression spring 6 I, disposed within the housing 62, the plate 60 carrying the needle valve 55. It will be apparent from consideration of Fig. 3 that a change of pressure within the chamber 58 will cause vertical movement of the valve 55, and corresponding adjustment of the passageway between said valve and the seat 54, thereby regulating the flow of iluid from the passage 32 to the bore 53.

The lower end of the bore 53 communicates through a cross bore 63 with an annular passage 64,V which in turn, connects with another annular passage 65 by means of a `cross bore 66. The annular passage 65 communicates, through a cross bore 61, with the axial bore 49 of the shaft 9 and also with a line 68 connecting with the lsiervo-motor 69 controlling the steam inlet valve The impulse acting on the supplemental impulse supplier 56 are taken at a point corresponding to the point 59 of Fig. 3a. Therefore, the pressure existing at this point exists also in the chamber '58 defined by the diaphragms 51 and serves, through the valve 55, to govern the steam admission valve 5I.

Referring now to Fig. 4, I have shown an arrangement for governing a bleeder back pressure system. The corresponding steam piping ar- 65V rangement is shown in Fig. 4a, the valves 10 and 1I" in Fig. 4 corresponding to the valves in Fig. 4a which carry the same reference characters. The additional impulse suppliers 12 and 13 (Fig.

4) operate under the same pressures as exist at the points 14 and 15, respectively, in Fig. 4a.

In this arrangement the shaft I0 of the main drive gear likewise is bored axially at 16 to provide an outlet controlled by a mechanism 12 similar to the mechanism 13 and corresponding exactly to the impulse supplier 56 of the arrangement shown in Fig. 3. As will be seenr from Fig. 4, this additional regulating means acts directlyupon the servo-motor 18 of the valve 10, the valve 'H` being controlled in the same manner as the valve 5l of Fig. 3.r

Fig. 5 covers a modification of the governor structure wherein the same may pro-vide for the control of three servo-motors 8|, 82 and 83. This provides a double extraction modification as indicated in Fig. 5a Where the

valves

84, 85 and 86 correspond to the valves having the same designations in Fig. 5

The two suppliers 8l and 88 of the additional impulses obtain their pressure from the points in the steam lines which are marked 89 and 9D, respectively, inv Fig. 5a. No additional impulse acts on the pressure regulating the servomotor 8|. The pressure regulating the servomotor 82 is infiuenced by the impulse supplier 81 which adjusts the passage area at 9| by raising or lowering the needle valve 92.

Thev pressure acting on the servo-motor 83 is under the inuence of tWo additional impulses, namely, the impulse supplier 88 Which regulates the floW passage area at the point 93 by raising or lowering of the needle valve 94, and the influence of the adjustable outlet point 95.

While I have shown my governor mechanism provided With various arrangements and combinations of bores and passages, it will be apparent that the desired results may be obtained by other combinations of such bores and passages than those herein disclosed. Furthermore, if desirable, these shafts may be provided initially with all of the bores which might possibly be necessary, and any bores not needed may be closed with nipples or similar means, whereby the same standard construction can be adapted to the requirements of any situation. Likewise, the housing may be provided with the various longitudinal and cross passages in order to be prepared for any special requirements and, When not in use, thesel bores may be plugged. in any desired manner.

While I have shown my invention in several forms, it will. be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is. susceptible of` various other changesr and modifications Without. departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be'placed thereuponA as are specifically set forth inthe appended claims.

What' I claim is:

1. Apparatus for controlling the operation of a pressure-responsive device: said apparatus comprising gear pump means operabley from a prime mover, a first passage supplied by the pump means and connected to a first pressureresponsive device, means providing a first spill orifice for the first passage, means for varying the flow area of the first spill orifice, a second passage communicating with the first passage and connected to a second pressure-responsive device, means providing a second orifice joining` the first and second passages, means providing av third spill orifice for the second'passage, and means for varying the orifice area of the thirdorifice.

2; Apparatus for controlling the operation of' Y a vpressure-responsive device: said apparatus comprising first and second gearr pumps operable' from a prime mover, a passage supplied by the first pump and connected to the pressureresponsive device, means providing a first spill orifice for the first'passage, pressure-responsive meansfor varying the flow areal of said first ori.- iice, a controlling passage supplied by the second pump and connected to the pressure-responsive means, means providing a second spill orifice for said controlling passage, and means forvarying the flow area of the second orifice.

3. Apparatus for controlling the operation oi' a pressure-responsive device: said apparatus comprising first and second gear pumps operable fromr a prime mover, a passage supplied by the first pump and connected to the pressure-responsive device, means providing a first spill orifice for the passage, pressure-responsive means for varying the flow area of the first orifice, a controlling passage supplied by the second pumpl and connected to the pressure-responsive means, means providing' asecond spill orifice for said controlling passage, means for adjusting the fiow. area of the second orifice, means providing a third spill orificeV for the passage, and means for varying the flow area of the third orifice.

4. Apparatus for controlling the operation of a pressure-responsive device: said apparatus comprising first and second gear pumps operable from a prime mover, a passage supplied by the first pump and connected to the pressure-responsive device, means providing a first spillorifice for the passage, pressure-responsive means for varying the flow area of the first orifice, a controlling passage suppliedV by the second pump and connected' to the pressure-responsive means, means providing a second spill orifice for said controlling passage, means for adjusting the iioW area ofthe second orifice, meansproviding ai third spill orice for the passage, and pressureresponsive. means for varying the iiow area of the third orifice.

5. Apparatus for controlling the operation of pressure-responsive devices: said apparatus comprising first and second gear pumps operable from a prime mover, a first passage supplied by the first pump and connected to a first pressureresponsive device, means providing a first spillv orifice for the first passage, pressure-responsive means for varyingl the flovvarea of saidA first orice, a controlling passage suppliedby the second pump and connectedto theA pressure-responsive means, means `providing a second spill orifice for said. controllingpassage, means for adjusting the flow areaof the second orifice,.a second passage communicating with thefirst passage'and connected to a second pressure-responsive. device, means providing a third orifice joining the first andA second passages, and means for varying the flow'area of the third orifice.

6. Apparatus for controlling the operation of pressure-responsiveY devices: said apparatus comprising first and second gear pumps operable from a prime mover, a first passage supplied by the first pump and connected to a first pressureresponsive device, means providing a first spill orifice for the first passage, pressure-responsive means*l for varying the flow-area of said first orifice, a controlling passage vsupplied by the secondi pump and connected to the pressure- ,adjusting the iiow area ofthe last-named' passage, a second passage communicating with the first passage and connected to a second pressureresponsive device, means providing a third orifice joining the first and second passages, and: pressure-responsive means for varying theV flovvA area of the'third orifice.

- 7i. Apparatus for controlling the operation of pressure-responsive devices: said apparatus comprising first and second gear pumps operable from a prime mover, a first passage supplied by the first pump and connected to a first pressureresponsive device, means providing a first spill orifice for the first passage, pressure-responsive means for Varying the flovv area of said rst orifice, a controlling passage supplied by the second pump and connected to the pressure-responsive means, means providing a second spill oriiice for said controlling passage, means for adjusting the flow area of the second orifice, a second passage communicating with the first passage and connected to the second pressureresponsive device, means providing a third orifice joining a first and second passages, pressureresponsive means for varying the flow area of the third orifice, means providing a fourth spill orifice for the second passage, and means for varying the flow area of the third orifice.

8. Apparatus for controlling the operation of pressure-responsive devices: said apparatus comprising first and second gear pumps operable from a prime mover, a first passage supplied by the first pump and connected to a first pressureresponsive device, means providing a first spill orifice for the first passage, pressure-responsive means for varying the iioW area of said first orifice, a controlling passage supplied by the second pump and connected to the pressure-responsive means, means providing a second spill orifice for the control passage, means for varying the orifice area of the second orifice, a third spill orifice for the first passage, pressure-responsive means for varying the flow area of the third orifice, a second ,Y

passage communicating with the first passage, means providing a fourth orifice joining the first and second passages, and pressure-responsive means for varying the flow area of the fourth orifice.

9. Apparatus for controlling the operation of pressure-responsive devices: said apparatus comprising first and second gear pumps operable from a prime mover, a first passage supplied by the first pump and connected to a first pressureresponsive device, means providing a first spill orifice for the first passage, pressure-responsive means for varying the flow area of said first orifice, a controlling passage supplied by the second pump and connected to the pressure-responsive means, means providing a second spill orifice for the controlling passage, a third spill orifice for the first passage, pressure-responsive means for varying the orifice area of the third orifice, a second passage communicating With the first passage, means providing a fourth orifice joining the first and second passages, pressure-responsive means for varying the flow area of the fourth orifice, means providing a fifth spill orifice for the second passage, and means providing for varying the fiow area of the fifth orifice.

10. Apparatus for controlling the operation of pressure-responsive devices: said apparatus comprising first and second gear pumps operable from a prime mover, a first passage supplied by the first pump and connected to a first pressure-responsive device, means providing a first spill oriiice for the first passage, pressure-responsive means for varying the flow area of said first orifice, a controlling passage supplied by the second pump and connected to the pressure-responsive means, means providing a second spill orifice for said controlling passage, means for adjusting a fiovv area of the second orifice, a second passage communicating with the first passage and connected to a second pressure-responsive device, means providing a third orifice joining the first and second passages, means for varying the fiow area of the third orifice, a third passage communicating with the second passage and connected to a third pressure-responsive device, means providing a fourth orifice joining the second and third passages, and means for varying the flow area of the fourth orifice.

11. Apparatus for controlling the operation of pressure-responsive devices: said apparatus comprising first and second gear pumps operable from a prime mover, a first passage supplied by the first pump and connected to a first pressureresponsive device, means providing a first spill orifice for the first passage, pressure-responsive means for varying the flow area of said Vfirst orifice, a controlling passage supplied by the second pump and connected to the pressure-responsive means, means providing a second spill orifice for said controlling passage; means for adjusting a flow area of the second orifice; a second passage communicating with the first passage and connected to a second pressure-responsive device, means providing a third orifice joining the first and second passages, means for varying the flow area of the third orifice, a third passage communicating With the second passage and connected to a third pressure-responsive device, means providing a fourth orifice joining the second and third passages, pressure-responsive means for varying the flow area of the fourth orifice, means providing a fifth spill orifice for the third passage, and means for varying the flow area of the fth orifice.

12. Apparatus for controlling the operation of pressure-responsive devices: said apparatus comprising first and second gear pumps operable from a prime mover, a first passage supplied by the first pump and connected to a first pressureresponsive device, means providing a first spill orifice for the first passage, pressure-responsive means for varying the fioW area of said first orifice, a controlling passage supplied by the second pump and connected to the pressure-responsive means, means providing a second spill orifice for said controlling passage; means for adjusting a fioW area of the second orince; a second passage communicating with the first passage and connected to a second pressure-responsive device, a second passage communicating with the first passage and connected to the second pressure-responsive device, means providing a third orifice joining the first and second passages, pressureresponsive means for varying the fioW area of the third orifice, a third passage communicating With the second passage and connected to a third pressure-responsive device, means providing a fourth orifice joining the second and third passages, and pressure-responsive means for varying the fiow area of the fourth orifice.

13. Apparatus for controlling the operation'of pressure-responsive devices: said apparatus comprising first and second gear pumps operable from a prime mover, a first passage supplied by the first pump and connected to a first pressureresponsive device, means providing a first spill orifice for the first passage, pressure-responsive means for varying the iiow area' of said rst oriiice, a controlling passage supplied by the second pump and connected to the pressure-responsive means, means providing a second spill orifice for said controlling passage; means for adjusting a flow area of the second orifice; a second passage communicating with the first passage and conneoted to a second pressure-responsive device, means providing a third orifice joining the first and second passages, pressure-responsive means for varying the oW area of the third orice, a third passage communicating with the second passage and connected to a third pressure-responsive device, means providing a fourth orice 5 ing the flow area of the fifth passage.

AUGUST FOLGMAN N.