US2255527A

US2255527A - Heating device

Info

Publication number: US2255527A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1941-09-09
Anticipated expiration: 1958-09-09

Description

Sept. 9, 1941. s. P. LocKE HEATING DEVICE Filed March 18, 1939 SAM l? Loc/f o I Sept. 9, 1941. s. P. LOCKE 2,255,527

HEATING DEVICE Filed MaICh 18, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 www SAM /9 oc/f5 Patented Sept. 9, 1941 Application 18, 1939, Serial No. 2625658 v 13 Claims. '(Cl. 110-29) This invention relates to heating devices such as stoves, furnaces, boilers and the like for the burning of solid fuels. More specifically, the 1nvention relates `to a magazine typeiheater forl burning solid fuels and having ues adjacent the magazine defined by refractory bricks forming part of the magazine and communicating -withtheinterior of4 the magazine for receiving .combustion gases.

This application is a continuation-impart of my copending application Serial No. 231,090, filed September 21, 1938.

According to this invention, a sizable reservoir or magazine for solid fuel is provided above the grate in a stove, furnace, or boiler. This magazine is defined in part by spaced opposed refractory slabs extending upwardly from the grate. The outer faces of the refractory slabs are spaced inwardly from a casing so as to define with the casing a pair of vertical ilues along the entire slabs have passageways therethrough communieating with the flues.

' vertical nues in magazine type stoves for coking solid fuel in the magazine before the fuel burns down to the grate.

A specic object of the invention is to provide. .v

a single draftstove or furnace having a fuel magazine receiving a part of the draft and also having vertical ilues receiving the rest of the draft for completely burning gas and smoke issuing from the magazine.

Another object of the invention isnto provide refractory bricks which are easily mounted in' standard grate type stoves or furnaces for defin' ing fuel magazines and fiues therein. Other and further objects of the invention will become apparent tothose skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the annexed sheets of drawings which disclose preferred embodiments of the invention.

0n the drawings: Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a stove according to this invention;

llength of the fuel magazine.. The refractory.

A sizable charge of solid fuel such as coal is (Y dumped into the magazine on top of a fire on the grate. According to this invention, the coal in the magazine can be coked before it burns down to the gra-te, because the iiues provided on both sides of the magazine communicate with the interior of the magazine and allow a draft through the coal.

Any smoke or gases from the heated coal can be completely burned in the ilues, and very high combustion eiliciency is thus obtained.

Any grade of solid 'fuel can be used in the magazine, and the same will burn from the bottom and sides of the magazine, so that the inside -of the charge is the last to burn. In this-mannerv an efficient heat transfer is obtained.

Since a comparatively heavy refractory slab or brick defines one wall of each flue, heat will be retained therein to producesteady, even heating for prolonged periods.

No puiii'ng can occur as is customary in magazine type, stoves, because no gases can be entrapped in the magazine.

It is then an object of the invention to provide a heating device for, the burning of solid fuels lo produce a prolonged uniform heat with a single charge of fuel. y

Another object of the invention is to provide refractory slabs or bricks for heating devices capable of defining walls of a fuel magazine with their inner surfaces and walls vof flue passage-v ways with their outer surfaces.

Another object of the invention is to provide a heating device having a magazine type fuel chamber and fiues in communication with the chamber atfvarious levels therein.

Another object of the invention ig to provide vFigure 2 is an enlarged vertical cross sectional view taken along the line II-II of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a vertical cross sectional view taken 'along the line III-III of Figure 2;

, Figure 4 is a horizontal cross sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of FigureY 1;

lFigure 5 is a fragmentary vertical crossv sectional view taken along the line V-V of Figure `4; Figure 6 is a central vertical cross sectional view taken' through a hot air furnace according to this invention;

Figure 'I is a horizontal cross sectional view taken along the line VII--V'II of Figure 6 Figure 8 is a vertical cross sectional view taken e centrally through a steamxboiler according to fied form of refractory brickvaccording to this invention; y

Figure 11 is a vertical cross sectional view taken along the line XI-XI of Figure 10..

As shown on the drawings:

In Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, the reference numeral III designates a stoveI according to this invention. The stove I0 is composed of a cylindrical sheet metal body member II having a top I or dome I2 on the top thereof and a bottom plate I3 closing the bottom thereof. A ring I4 is dlsposed around the bottom of the cylindrical body member I I and has an inturned flange or leg Ila supporting and reinforcing the bottom plate I3.

ber II near the bottom thereof. The ash door i9 can have draft openings therethrough controlled by a draft wheel I9a mounted on the outer face of the door, as best shown in Figures 1 and 2. 4,

'Ihe top I2 and the body member II have openings therethrough closed by the doors I8 and I9.

Legs 28 support the stove above the floor.'

'I'hese legs 20 have portions 20a thereof extending upwardly from the bottom of the cylindrical body member il to a-point above the top of the ash door I9. Bolts such as 2| extend through the top portions of the leg members 20a and through the body member il; as best shown in Figure 5. The ends of the bolts 2i projecting through the-member Ii have nuts such as 21a provided thereon, as shown in Figure 5. v

l A grate ring 22 is mounted in the cylindrical body member Il and supportedin spaced relag tion above the bottom I3 of the stove on the l ports 24h are also formed through the grate.

A shaker'arm v25 is provided for shaking the grate 24. i*

Linings

26 and 21 built up from nre bricks are provided inside of the body member II atv the front and back of the stove. The

linings

26 and 21 can be supported on the grate ring 22 and extend to the top of the body member Il, as shown in Figure 2. The

linings

26 and 21 are curved cylindrically with the body member Ii and t against the inner face of the member.

As best shown in Figure 4, the

linings

26 and 21 are in spaced opposed relation and extend only around( the front and back surfaces of the member ii.v

According to this invention, two bricks or slabs 28 of refractory material bridge the spaces between the

linings

26 and 21. The bricks or slabs 28 are fia-t and have converging edges 28a abutting the ends of the

linings

28 and 21, as best shown in Figure 4. The bottoms of the bricks or 28 can have a cut-put portion 32 in the bottom thereof. 'I'his cut-out portion 32 permits passage of air and combustion gases from the burning mass on the grate 24 into

flues

29 and 30. The cut-out portion 32 can4 be made of .a predetermined size in accordance with the blast re'- quirements for the stove.

Vertical slots 33 are also cut through the slabs 28 to provide draft passageways Joining the magazine with the nues. ure 4; these slots 33 flare outwardly so that the small ends thereof face the magazine and the large ends thereof face ther flues. 'Ihis outward .flare prevents the wedging of fuel particles in the slots, since, if a lump of coal or the like is lsmall enough to pass through the small mouth of the slot facing the magazine, it will fall free slabs 28 are supported on the grate ring 22, and

the divergent edges of the slabs are adapted to abut against the body member il so that the slabs can merely be slid into position between the linings and will be held in an upright position by the body member il and the edges of the

vlinings

29 and 21.

- Since the body member II is cylindrical and since the bricks or slabs 28 are at, flues or

passageways

28 and 30 are provided in the sides of the stove defined by the outer faces of the slabs or bricks and the inner face of the body member out of the larger mouth of the slot facing the iiues.

The stove shown in Figures l to 4 receives a substantial charge of solid fuel such as coal into the magazine M thereof on top of the burning fuel bed on the grate 24. The fuel charge is readily fedto the stove through the door I 8.

Air is supplied through the opening in the ash door i9 in regulated amounts controlled by the draft wheel I9a. I.'I'his air then rises through the grate slots and spaces between the ngers of the grate and grate ring. The air will aid combustion of the fuel on the grate, and products of combustionwill pass through the openings 32 and 3'3 in therefractory bricks or slabs 28 into the

fiues

29 and 30. Y Sme lair will pass directly from the ash chamber beneath the grate into the fiues '29 and 30 between the periphery of the grate and the solid portion 3| of the grate ring under the slabs 28, as shown in Figure 3. 'I'his air, together with other unburned air leaving the magazine, will serve to completely burn all incompletely burned gases issuing from the magazine.

The

nues

29 and 30 are not insulated from the body member ii, and any burning gases in the fiues will radiate heat through the body member il. If desired, in order to prevent discoloration of the metal sheet forming the body member l along the

fiues

29 and 30. this sheet can be lined with

additional metal sheets

34 and 35.

Smoke rising through the magazine into the head I2 of .the stove is commingled with the gases from the

ues

29 and 30, and since an Aexcess of air is preferably supplied to the flues, this air will burn the smoke so that all products of II. These .flues extend from the grate to the top12.

If desired, the grate ring 22 can have a solid, downwardly sloping portion 3i (Figure 4) under the bricks or slabs 28 instead of the usual spaced fingers 22a. lhis solid portion 3| can choke offsome of the air from beneath the grate so that too much air will not enter directly into the flues and will pass through the grate into the fuel magazinesM (Figure 3) defined by the liningsV and slabs. f

.ss-best shown m Figures 2 and a, each slab combustion leaving the smoke outlet i5 will be thoroughly burned.

'I'he solid fuel in the magazine M will burn onv the bottom, flue sides, and top thereby giving a. big burning area in the stove. 'I'he burning will progress inwardly through the body of coal in the magazine, so that the inside of the body is the last to burn. This gives an efficient heat transfer, since the outer portions of the coal body are in intimate contact with heat radiating surfaces. 'I-he fire brick linings and the slabs 28 will, of course, become heated and will radiate heat uniformly.

Air can pass through the body of coal in the magazine M in regulated amounts and will be uniformly distributed throughout the body of the coal. In this manner no hot spots are formed and no puffing occurs, because the air always has a free path. Clinkers are not formed, because ythe fuel is heated to temperatures well above thel combustion point.

The coal in the magazine will first coke, be.

As best shown in Figcause it is heated 'by 'the nue gases and also because it receives regulated amounts .of air,

stove constructions.k As shown in Figure 4.of the v drawings, these slabs can merely be slid into position between the fire brick linings and need lonly be supported on the usual grate ring, as

shown in Figures 2, 3, and 5.

In Figures 6 and '1, there is disclosed a hot air furnace embodying-the principles of this invention. Parts substantially identical with parts de scribed in Figures 1 to 5 have beenl designated by the same reference numerals.

As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the hot air furnace 40 comprises a stove Ilia substantially iden-- tical with the stove I0 described in Figures 1 to 5, but not equipped with legs. vThe stove IDa'is surrounded by a metal casing 4i defining an air chamber 42 completely around the sides and top of the stove Ha. The air chamber 42 receives cold -air through a duct 43 communicating with the bottom of the chamber and discharges hot -air chamber 42 at the bottom thereof and receiving the ash door I! thereon.

The stove lla operates identically with the stove Il described in Figures 1 to 5, but the air surrounding the stove is confined inthe chamber 42 and circulated to hot air registers located elsewhere. v

In Figures 8 and 9, the reference numeral l0 for these wallsis necessary as in the .construc- -tion shown in Figures 1 to 7.

HoweverA according -to this invention, refractory bricks or slabs 06 are bolted on opposite side walls of the combustion chamber 52 by means of bolts l1 extending inwardly from the side walls. The slabs 66 are flat and therefore bridge across two spaced portions of the side walls to :define iiues 88 and 69 along the sides of a magazine formed by the slabs 66, the grate 80, and the side walls of the combustion chamber. These flues 8 8 and 69 extend from the grate ring and are similar to the

yflues

29 and 30 defined in Figures 1 to 7.v

As best shown in Figures 10 and 11, the slabs 68 are of a modified form provided with cut oi bottom corner portions 'l0 instead of the cut-out central portions 32 -of the slabs 28 and also provided with spaced cut-out edge portions 1I in place of the slots 33.

The outer faces of the slabs are recessed as at 12 and 13A between the aligned cut-away portions 1I on opposite edges thereof. A V-shaped recess 14 is also` provided having the pointed base thereof slightly beneath the recess 12 and-having the top thereof at the top of the slab.

The modified slabs 66 provide passageways through the cut-out bottom edges 10 and the cutout edges 1I joining the fuel magazine with the flues. The passageways 1I communicate through the recesses 12 andf13 with the main recess 14, so that larger capacity gas passageways are formed. The slabs 66 can be used in place of the slabs 28 with fire brick lined stoves such as I0 and Illa, since the cutaway edges 1I will be spaced inwardly from the edges of the lining to form the draft ducts joining the ues with the fuel magazine. Likewise the cut-away bottom edges 'l0 serve the same purpose as the cut-away central portions 32 of the slabs 28.

Obviously, if desired, the slabs 2li can be used in the boiler construction 50.

designates generally a boiler according to this'` invention. The boiler is composed of a' shell member Il defining a combustion chamber 52,

and a water and steam chamber 53 surrounding the combustion chamber. 'I'he chamber 53 receives water through an inlet communicating with the bottom thereof and discharges steam through an outlet' communicating with the top thereof.

The shell"5l is mounted on a base 56 defining an ash chamber B1. The chamber 51 has a clean-out door It provided with a draft wheely 58a thereon. The usual gratev ring 5 9 and grate 60, described in Figures 1 to 5 is provided at the top of the base 8 6 for forming the bottom of a combustion chamber l2. The combustion chamber I2 communicates with s. smoke outlet 8| extending through the shell Il and communicating with av 65 ate with a combustion chamber to form a fuelv magazine and flues at the sides of the magazine. These fiues communicate with the fuel magazine `through ducts or passageways formed in the refractory slabs. The slabs are readily mounted in standard stoves, furnaces,4 and boilers and serve to convert such devices into magazine type vunits for solid fuel.

It will, of course, be understood thatvarious details of construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principlesof this invention and it is, therefore, not

the purpose to limit the patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a heating device having a grate bottom and side walls extending upwardly from the grate, vthe improvement which comprises a pair of refractory slabs in spaced opposed relation mounted on and extending upwardly from the grate bottom to. deflne a fuel magazine and cooperating with the side walls to define flues alongside of the magazine, said slabs providing passageways joining the interior of the magazine with the ilues.

2. In a heating device including a cylindrical the scope of the body member, a grate ring in said body member,

and a grate cooperating with the grate ring, the

improvements which comprise a re brick lining opposite localized portions of the body member above the grate ring, substantially nat rectangular refractory slabs in said body member` extend-4 ing upwardly from the grate ring and bridging the spaces between the fire bricks to define flues between the body member and the outer faces of the bricks, said slabs cooperating with the fire bricks to define a fuel magazine above the grate, and said slabs providing passageways joining the fuel magazine with the flues. I

'3, In a stove including a cylindrical body member, a grate ring in said body member, and a grate cooperating with said ring, the improvements which comprise a refractory lining in said body member extending around the front and back portions thereof in spaced opposed relation, substantially fiat rectangular slabs of refractory material -in said body member bridging the spaces between the lining and extending upwardly from the grate ring, said lining and said refractory slabs cooperating to define a fuel magazine above the grate, .and said body member and said slabs cooperating to define ilues alongside of the fuel magazine. i

4. In a stove including a cylindrical body mem ber having a grate ring therein in spaced relation from the bottom thereof and a grate coopzine -above the grate, said slabs also cooperating l with the body member to define ues alongside of the magazine, spaced legs on the bottoms of said slabs engaging the grate ring to support the slabs and defining an air passageway from the grate to the ilues, and said slabs providing additional passageways above the legs thereof joining the fuel magazine with the flues.

5. A' heating device comprising a body member having a grate construction therein, a smoke outlet for said body member, a fuel inlet for said body member, an ash outlet for said body member, and spaced opposed refractory slabs in said body member mounted on and extending upwardly from the grate construction on opposite sides of the body member to denne a fuel magazine with their inner surfaces and flues with their outer surfaces.

6. A heating device comprising a shell dening a combustion chamber, a grate forming the bottom of the combustion chamber, spaced opposed rectangular refractory slabs in said combustion chamber above said grate, said'slabs having inner surfaces defining a fuel magazine and outer surfaces defining flues alongside of the magazine, and said slabs providing passageways joining the magazine with'the nues.

7. A refractory slab for heating devices comprising a rectangular body member havingl a recess yin one face thereof extending from the top of the member and converging to a point spaced from the bottom of the member, said face having additional recesses connecting the converging recess withthe side edges of the "member, and said side edges .being indented at the recesses.

8. In a heating device including a cylindrical with the grate ring, the improvements which comprise spaced opposed ilrebrick linings extending locally around opposite inner sides of said body member from the grate ring to the top portion of the body member, substantially flat l rectangular refractory slabs bridging the spaces between the linings and extending upwardly from the grate ring to the top portion of the body member, said slabs having sloping edges for locking against the edges of the lining, said slabs cooperating with the linings to provide a fuel' around a portion only of the inner surface thereof, and a substantially flat refractory slab bridging the space in the refractory lining to cooperate therewith for defining a fuel magazine in the body member, the outer face of said slab being spaced from the body member to define a flue 4 tliilerewith communicating with the fuel maga- 10"." A heating device comprising a body member, a grate ,construction in said body member and` carried therebyfabove the bottom thereof, refractory slabs in said body member on opposite sides thereof above the grate constructionI defining a Ifuel magazine with their `inner faces, said slabs having outer face portions thereof spaced from the body member to provide flues extending upwardly from the grate construction, c'ommunicating with the fuel magazine.

1l. A refractory slab for heating devices comprising a rectangular member having spaced dependent legs at the bottom thereof, said member having longitudinal side edges whose entire surfaces lie in planes angularly disposed from the broad faces yof, the member and converge toward the median' plane of the member, and spaced longitudinal slots extending th-rough the broad faces of said member intermediate the top and bottom extremities thereof, the side walls ofsaid slots converging toward one face of saidmember in the same direction as the surfaces of said longitudinal side edges.

12. A heating device comprising a body member having a grate construction therein, a smoke outlet for said body member, a fuel inlet for said heat radiating body member, a grate ring se`y cured to said body member in spaced relation to the bottom thereof, and a grate 'cooperating body member, an ash outlet for said body member, and spaced refractories in said body member mounted on and extending upwardly from the grate construction, said refractories having outer faces inwardly of the body member, and said refractories defining a fuel magazine with their inner surfaces and defining passages outwardly of the fuelmagazine with their outer sur- 13. A heating device comprising a body member, a' grate construction in said body member and carried thereby above thebottom thereof, refractory slabs in said body member spaced around the inner periphery thereof above the grate construction to define a fuel magazine with their inner faces, and said slabs having outer face portions thereof spaced from the body member to provide passages extending upwardly from the grate construction and communicating with the interior of the body member.I

SAINI P. LOCKE.