US2254229A - Electric tracer-control machine for diesinking and the like - Google Patents

Description

E. R. LOCHMAN Sept 2, 1941.

ELECTRIC TRACER-CONTROL MACHINE FOR DIESINKING AND THE LIKE 7 Sheets-Sheen 1 Filed April 30, 1954 u X p INVENTOR.

MM m.m am

ATTORNEYS Sm MN P 2, 1941- E. R. LOCHMAN 2,254,229

BSINKING AND THE LIKI;

ELECTRIC TRACER -CONTROL MACHINE FOR DI Filed April 30 1934 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 HUN INVENTOR. M

MW M

Y ATTORNEYS Sept. 2, 1941.

5. R. LOCHMAN ELECTRIC TRACER-CONTROL MACHINE FOR-DIESINKING AND THE LIKE 7 SheetsSheet 5 Filed April 50, 1934 P Li INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS p 1941- E. R. LOCHMAN 2,254,229

ELECTRIC TRACER-CONTROL MACHINE FOR DIESINKING AND THE LIKh.

Filed April 30, 1934 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 mar).

INVENTOR. \fi'i'im/ F 21% W VIM flaw ATTORNEYS p 1941- E. R. LOCHMAN 2,254,229

ELECTRIC TRACER-CONTROL MACHINE FOR DIESINKING AND THE LIKE Filed April 50, 1934 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Sept. 2, 1941;

E. R. LOCHMAN ELECTRIC TRACER-CONTROL MACHINE FOR DIESINKING AND THE LIKE Filed A ril 50. 1934 '7 Shets-Sheet em m v m ATTORNEYS P 1941- E. R. LOCHMAN IKE ELECTRIC TRACER-CONTROL MACHINE FOR DIESINKING AND THE 1 Filed A ril 30, 1954 '7 Sheets-Sheet 7 2 2., S. m 2 M m m w m ma 0 1 W .T A Q P m QM, w M

Patented Sept. 2, 1941' ELECTRIC TRACER-CONTROL MACHINE REISSUED FOR DIESINKING AND THE LIKE Emil R. Lochman, Milwaukee, Wis.

JUL 8 1 1942 Application April 30, 1934, Serial No. 723,105

- 52 Claims. (Cl. 90-135) My invention relates to improvements in electric tracer-control machines for die sinking and the like. r

It is the broad objector the present invention to render more delicate, sensitive, and rapid the operation of a machine of the class shown in my Patent No. 1,774,279 granted August 26, 1930. The apparatus disclosed in said patent and in the present application is of such a naturethat any pattern, whether of metal or of non-conductmg material such as wood, plaster, or the like, may be duplicated.

More specifically, the present invention seeks to improve over earlier devices in this art by providing an-electrically controlled and preferably magnetically operated brake, the action of which supplements the controls for advancing and retracting the tracing point and tool, the several controls and the brake being subject to intermittent direct electric current which is automatically distributed alternately through the brake and through the actuating controls, so that each controller action is followed by a brake action and vice versa, thus enabling the apparatus to function much more sensitively and with greatly increased speed as compared with any previous device.

A further object of the invention is to utilize the two streams of interrupted direct current alternately at the tracer to sensitize the operation thereof.

It is also important that in the present invention I provide mechanical devices subject to vibration as a means of delivering the power of the magnets to the controllers and also to the brake, not only to increase the gripping action of the parts while the intermittent current is effective therein, but also to introduce a periodicity ensuring a prompt release of the gripping action.

A further object of the invention is to provide a connection from the control shaft to the carriage upon which the tracer and tool are mounted, which connection shall be absolutely free of lost motion to promote the greater accuracy and speed of operation of the carriage. v

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel, improved drive for the work support including an automatic control, actuated by an overload circuit, provided in the tracer, for interrupting drive to the work support in the event that the rate of traverse employed is so high that the tracer and tool cannot move sufllciently rapidly to accommodate the drive.

Other objects of the invention include the provision of a novel mounting for the several armature parts of the controllers and brake, 'all of which are'splined upon a gear-like transmitter or mounting carried by the control shaft, the provision of a novel and improved form of rotary interrupter and spark quenching device; the provision of a novel and improved mounting for the carriage upon which the tracer point and tool are disposed, the object being to enable this carriage i to move backwardly and forwardly at a! touch. to

enhance the sensitivity of the machine and its delicateness of operation; the provision-of means whereby a central blowersystern is employed to deliver dust free air to all portions of the machine requiring either cooling or an airblast, whereby tracers and points are protected from dirt which might otherwise be carried to them by such. air; the provision of a novel and'improved form of armature which will be'rclatively free of electromagnetic eddy currents and will tend to free itself of dust accumulations withoutscratching or destroying the coacting clutch plates; and finally, the provision of a new and highly sensitive tracer mechanism in which greater and mdre delicate response is assured and the arrangement of the tracer lever with respect to thecontacts controlled thereby has been reorganized and im- 7 features with parts broken away showing operating features located in the base of the machine.

Figure 2 is a side view of the drive for the work support, showing details of the friction drive. and the location and connection of the driving motor.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the principal operat-- ing features of the machine as mounted on top of the box-like base, with the top beam 21 and its driving features removed. but showing the rear driving pulleys, variable speed motor and its controller.

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the operating mechanism for reversing the drive for the work support, including the solenoid 336, which is shown electrically connected in Figure 28.

Figure 5 is a plan view of a modified motor for thedrive of the work support, showing a loose of operating mechanism for reversing the drive of the work support automatically by means of solenoids (see Fig. 28)

Figure 7 is a view of a control set E partly in side elevation and partly-in axial section, showing the controllers, the brake, the armatures and transmitter.

Figure 8 is like Figure 7, showing a modified electric brake, with its ring-like form fitting over, and being located outside of the control casing 45, and showing the upper part of the supporting frame F in which said parts are operatively mounted.

Figure 9 is a front elevation and sectional view of the electric brake shown in Figure B, with parts broken away to show a brake vibrator and its corelated parts in operative connection.

Figure 10 is a front view of a section of a con? troller, with parts broken away, showing the location of two magnets in proper relation to the armatures and the transmitter, also showing a pair of vibrators.

Figure 11 is a cross section through the magnets on line ll-H of Figure 10, showing the proper working position of the vibrators in relation to the armatures and the magnet.

Figure 12 is a diametrical section of a controller with parts broken away, showing the parts for mounting and adjusting the magnets.

Figure 13 is a rear view of a section of a controller showing the mounting of the magnets with their respective coils and the connection of their respective leads.

Figure 14 is a plan view of the current breaker, showing the double air channels leading across th two current breaker disks.

Figure 15 is a vertical cross section in line l5-l5 of Figure 14, showing the metal sections and the insulation sections of the current breaker body and the two air channels leading across the two breaker disks.

Figure 16 is a side view of the current breaker, showing the air supply unit and the breaker unit in working position, with the brushes and respective wire leads.

Figure 1'7 is a cross section on line l1|1 of Figure 16, showing a full size detail of an air channel leading across a breaker disk and showing the mica partitions and lining in front of the brush.

Figure 18 is a cross section on line lB-I8 of Figure 3, showing details of construction of the tool carriage, its ballbearing slide and the mounting of the tool casing.

Figure 19 is a sectional side view on line l9|9 of Figure 3, showing a cross section of the control shaft and spring-band connection to the tool carria e, also the ball slide with its age and stops.

Figure 20 is a plan view of the tracer withparts broken away to illustrate all of the operating parts in proper working position.

Figure 21 is a cross section of the tracer taken in a manner to fully illustrate the operating parts in their respective relation to each other.

Figure 22 is a plan view of a controller armature.

Figure 23 is a plan view of a brake armature.

Figure 24 is an enlarged detail of Figure 25 showing the armatures and magnet associated with a vibrator in proper working position.

Figure 25 is a cross section through the magnets like Fig, 11, showing, however, the vibrators mounted on a vibrator cage direct for adjustment unitarily.

Figure 26 is a diametrical section of a controller like Figure 12, but showing the vibrator cage for adjusting the vibrators unitarlly with its adjusting nut IOI.

Figure 2'7 is a sectional plan view of the vibrator cage with a pair of vibrators in proper working position with the Outer armature, also parts broken away to show details.

Figure 28 is a complete diagram of the electrical connections from the power line to the current breaker, from there to the tracer, and from there to the controllers and the brake, said three parts marked E comprising the control set; also an additional circuit affecting the work support and connected to the tracer, as well as a separate circuit affecting the reversing device for the work support.

Figure 29 is a side view of a modified driving and reversing device for the work support, modifying like parts as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 30 is a plan view of Figure 29 with arrows showing the magnetic circuit firmly connecting the eifective parts for driving and respace within the base is used for auxiliary apparatus, while on the table-like top B the principal working elements of the machine are built up.

The frame F is rigidly mounted on the top B of the base with bolts 8' and houses the control set 12 comprising three principal units, the controller Cl, controllerC! and the brake S. A casing ring 45 is rigidly mounted in the seat 44 of the frame F, and the brake S is fitted with its seating groove 64 to said casing ring 45, and the brake S is rigidly mounted by lugs 66 to the frame F by screws (see Fig. '7) The outer casing ring ll in turn fits to the ring-like brake S with its seating groove 69, but said outer casing ring 4| is part of the outer frame casting 40 having hing lugs 81 matching with hinge lugs 6'!" of the frame F, all having the bore 58', and said castings are connected for hinge action by the bolt 88 (see Fig. 7), while the upper lug Ill firmly secures said outer casting 40 to the frame F by the cap screws I42 (see Fig. 8). Thus the control set E forms a drum-like body in its outer appearance as shown in Fig. 3.

The control shaft 1 has its bearing in sleeve 34 firmly mounted in bore 34' of the frame F which also has a second bearing 42 for said control shaft I, leaving free spaces of said shaft for mounting the spring drums 2, which are firmly clamped to said shaft after the flat ribbon or band springs 3 and I have been inserted in a suitable slot and held by screws 2" by cap screws 2'. Said spring drums are made in two halves for clamping (see Fig. 19). The outer ends of said springs are securely fastened to the tension clips 3'--4 extending into the hollow beams I of the tool carriage A which have lugs 5 and 6 at the ends through which the tension screws 4" are loosely passed and-screwed into said clips for tightening the bands 3 and 4, thus taking up all .lost motion between the control shaft and the which the tracer T is held in various adjusted positions, according to size and location of work, by the bolts III, passed through slots II, so that the tracer may be set forward or rearward according to the depth or thickness of the pattern 402 and work 406. The tool casing R is also endwise adjustable on the mounting rib I18 (see Fig. 18). The straps it hold the casing I". in adjusted position by tightening the clamping plates I2 against the angles ll of said straps, thus clamping the casing to'the spacing block I12 by the capscrews I2. The tool spindle H1 is held in suitable ball hearings in said casing and extends at both ends, carrying the chuck I18 and thecutting tool I12 at the front, and the stepcone pulley Ii-IG at the rear end.

The idler I1 is held in running position at the outer end of the bracket I2 having a hinge I9 adiustably held to the tool carriage 'A in a manner so it will take up the slack and guide the belt 2I along the driving drum 20 during the forward and rearward'm'otions of the tool carriage, either on step I5 for slower drivi'ng'or on step I8 for faster driving of the spindle and cutting tool 7 The variable speed drive for the cutting or grinding tools has 24 variations, ranging from 185 to 8,700 R. P. M., thus enabling the-machine tobe used for a great variety of work not possible with other machines, and made possible by the combination of said drive, where said drum is mounted in parallel alignment with the tool spindle on shaft 22 turning in bearings'22 held adiustably in hangers 42 mounted by lugs 20 to beam 21, being held from endwise motion by set collar 25 and the stepcone 28 having three steps into which the ,cone pointed end 26 of control shaft I fits and bears. This bearing cone is shaped so that the hinged part II-4| together with said controller CI may be swung outward on the hinge bolt 68 when any of the parts of the control set E need adjusting, or for inserting said parts in their respective places, which is done asfollows.

Controller C2 with its bearing 25' is passed over the bronze bushing on which it runs, then washer 24" ispassed over shaft I, then transmitter BI is passed on said shaft and rigidly fastened by key 22" and set screws I52, then armature 56 with its internal gear teeth 24 is passed over the gear teeth 22 of the transmitter 2|, both of said gears matching perfectly into each other to prevent lost motion. but allowing sliding or floating motion of the armatures andwise along the length of the teeth; so they may always be held in close sliding contact with the friction surf-ace I4 preferably made of cork.

will be held in position as shown in Fig. 11, where said vibrators 'are he'ld in separate holders for individual adjustment for eachvibrator by turning the holder so that the hinge formed by the non-magnetic part 8| with'hinge pin 90 is 'adjusted so that the heel 85 of the vibrator 22 'sets against the armature I2 as shown in Figs. 24,

25 and 11, and is then held .in said position by tightening the cap screws 82 reaching through holes 22 into said holders 8| (see Fig. 10). The

regular adjustment of the entire series of vibrators, of which there are ten'pair or twenty single vibratorsin'each controller in the present ma chine. is" done by adiustably' turning the large ring-like'nut II, and when-adjusted as shown in Fig. 25;said ring and nut are'held in said position by tightening screws 20 in rigid stationary brake position; The brake S2 (see Fig. 8) is lik'th-e brake Sin all essential features. However. its ring or channel-like body is larger in diameter and is mounted over the outside of casing ring 42 in rigid alignment therewith; 'the'sole'noid magnet I22 i mounted in the channel I2'I of the brake ring. the vibrator ring. I22, (see Fig. 9) is firmly mounted on the brake ring with screws I22, its. raised rim having slots I22 through which the vibrators I20 are loosely passed while they are pivotally mounted to adjusting screws I25 and adjusting nuts I 24 by pivots I22: the magnet core is loosely passed through the outer free end of the vibrator and inserted into loose sliding contact into the fiber bushing I28 of' the magnet coil I22. The

cone and socket Joint I22 has a suitable gap.

' ribs I20 while pulling the long outer section in securely fastened by slotted screws 80 into its seat 22, in a manner such that the vibrators 82 vibrating pulls atthe rate of about 60 times per second and gripping the armature at the same rate of speed with the shoe I26 held to the inner short section of the vibrator by pivot I21.

It will be noted that the magnetic pull is more than doubled by the lever action of the vibrator against the brake armature 21 with the outer armature I28 (see Fig. 9) to which said brake shoes I28 are attached. It will further be noted that no magnetic flux passes the brake armature 21 in brake 82 which is preferable for some classes of work, The transmitter of said brake is holding the armatures 85. 26 and 51 on pins Ill, and the brake armature 21 is held in a gap by ring II9 held by screws H8. The use of pins for holding the armatures has the advantage that for very large control sets said armatures may be made in sections. which are easier to keep straight and hug the friction surface I4 (see Figs. 10, '11 and 24) which is'alike for the controllers as well as the brake.

The flange of the outer casting Ill forms a channel I65 having bores I62 through which plugs I28 extend and are firmly mounted. same through which the shank I 30 passes, and when the parts are adjusted, they are held in position by the set screw I32. The spring pressure of these said parts is transmitted to the brake armature by the vibrators I20.

The armatures 55, 55 and 51 are all alike in their specific construction except certain grooves 228 cut into the brake armature .51 (see Fig. 23). These vary in their respective angles so they will keep the friction surface clean and smooth and still increase the gripping ability to said somewhat. resilient surface I4, preferably made of cork. The controller armatures 55 and 56 are alike, and have a slight spiral groove cut into the one side lying against the friction surface 14, (see Fig. 22) and running in the direction of arrow 55', which will keep said surface clean by carrying dust, etc., outward in said spiral groove while at the same time increasing the gripp n action against friction surface I4, thereby giving greater power to push the cutting tool into steel or other hard material.

The outer armature I5 is made up' of sections of easily magnetized sheet iron on which the heels 85' of the vibrators rest and through which the horseshoe magnets complete their circuit of magnetic flux by passing through both armatures, then through the vibrators and drawing theminward to said iron sections. These are separated by nonmagnetic metal sections I6, preferably die cast right on said iron'sections, and providing lugs 11 throughwhich pins 11 pass in sliding fit to carry said armature I5 on the vibrator ring I8 or I8 and keep in turning with the controller, but in constant original alignment with the horseshoe magnets as shown in Figs. 11, 24 and 25. It will further be noted that the inner bearing side of armature I5 is lined with a thin layer of friction fiber I5 so it will not have a metal to metal contact with the inner armature 55. The armatures have, furthermore, slots 229 at their inner side for the purpose of breaking the magnetic field, thus giving a more powerful grip to the magnets by intensifying the fiow of the magnetic flux, concentrating same to smaller local sections.

The mounting and adjusting of the magnets in the controllers will now be described. The body of the controller I00 has two outer rims, which are connected with a number of ribs I00 equal in number with the magnets to be inserted (see Fig. 10), so the present controller CI has 10 ribs, thus providing ten equal spaces for inby springs 86 passed over and mounted on stubs 81 of holders 8| for individual adjustment. Springs 92 -(see Figs. 25 and 27) are provided for adjusting the entire series, whereby said vibraserting horseshoe magnets 58 into the holes 88 the position shown in Figs. 11, 12 and 13, so that the magnet cores leave a very slight gap 55' (see Fig. 24). There is no metal to metal contact between said wire core ends and the armature 55. The parts are then locked by the cap screws I02' firmly to the controller body I00. It will be not d that with the entire assembly in'place,

' the vibrators hold the armatures against the friction surface I4 un er a slight yield ng prsssure tors are further held from excessive swinging between the flanges of slot (see Fig. 24).

For the electric connections of the controllers a heavy disk of insulation material I02 is mounted to the inner ribs I02 by screws I02" (see Fig. 13) to which the leads I04-I08 of coils 58 are secured by the small screw bolts I03-I03 to which the inner leads I04'-I08' are attached, which connect the collector rings I'06-I0I and brushes I09IIO with wire leads III, II2 H3 and H4 to which the power is supplied. The covers 12 are mounted on the'inner face of the controller and same have a deep groove I2 for catching any oil or waste lubrication, so that the friction surfaces and armatures are kept completely dry and clean. The brush holders II5- II6 are mounted in their respective places against either side of the frame F so the controllers may be inserted or taken out without interfering with the brushes or power wires. In Fig. 8 certain clamps I48 are shown passed over screw threaded studs I41 and held in adjusted positions of the magnets which they grip by nuts I49, for individual adjustment of said magnets. The outer magnet CI is inserted by opening the outer frame part 40 and inserting the entire assembly of said controller including the armature 55, passing the hub bearing 35' onto the stub shaft 30, then closing said frame part 40 which at the same time brings the said armature 55 with its teeth 54 in contact with teeth 53 of the transmitter 5|, the cap screws I42 keeping said outer frame part in locked position.

The controllers are driven in opposite directions (see Figs. 1, 3 and 13) by pinion I50 mounted on shaft I5I, to which gears I.52-I53 are connected and running in opposite directions as shown by arrows ab, said shaft I5I being driven by pulley I54 and belt I56 .in bearing bracket I58 mounted on frame F (see Fig. 1) and connecting to pulley I55 mounted on shaft I51 running in'bearings 462-462 and having pulley I59 (see Fig. 3) to which cross belt may .be applied for running the controllers in opposite directions.

It will further be noted that the main body of the controller I 00 is of cast iron but all the metal parts surrounding the magnets are of non-magnetic metal, this including mounting ring II,

block 'II", ring I3, the vibrator ring 18 and the vibrator hinges 9|, so that the magnetic flux is concentrated to the thin armatures and the vibrators, thereby giving these parts the greatest possible'magnetic attraction which the rapidly interrupted direct electric current can produce.

The tool carriage (Figs. 18, 19 and 1) is mounted for easy sliding motion in straight lengthwise extending ballbearing slides in bars4l5 having ball grooves II3II4 in which balls I68 are inserted and are held in position by the spacers IBI, which have an extension I68 striking stops I59 set for a certain distance of travel and clamped against the bar I II mounted parallel with the bearing bars 415 by cap screws I'II' but leaving a slot for the thumbscrews II0-I'I0 for sliding adjustment for said stops I69. As the tool carriage usually moves only a limited distance back and forth, the ball spacers are set according to said working position. The main bearing bars 415 are mounted on the respective beams 469- 10 w h screws I12 in parallel alignment with the tool carriage. However, the lugs 41I-412 are provided with set screws 419-414 (see Fig. 8) to keep said bearingbars 418 in perfect alignment and the ball bearings without any lost motion so that tracer 288 and cutting tool The current breaker K will now be described (see Figs. 14, 15, 16 and 17). The outer sleeve I88 of suitable bronze has the solid supply flange I88, while the breaker disks I84I88 at either end have each'three equally divided cut-out sections, which, like the core I82, are filled out with a suitable insulation material such as Bakelite, preferably formed in a solid mass with the bronze outer sleeve I88 mounting and insulating said unit on the shaft I8I running in bearings "I of bracket 282 having arms 288 in which the bar I94 insulated by. the flber tubing I98, is solidly held in the bored-out lugs I99 by set screws I98.

Brush holders and brushes I88, I81 and I88, each pair forming one unit and being numbered as units, each have an upward extending arm I91 to which the brush is held in adjustable position by clamp I92 and screw I98, and said units are held in proper position by clamping same to the insulated bar I94 by screws I98. The breaker disks I84I85 have insulating disks I89 extending to the outside thereof to aid in cutting the arc. The breaker disk I84 has longer metal sections and supplies its interrupted current to the controllers by way of the tracing wire 298 of the tracer T, while the breaker disk I88 has shorter metal sections and supplies its interrupted current to the brake S, and to the coil 218 of the stop magnet 212 of the tracer T. These metal breaker sections of said two breaker disks are spaced alternately so when the controller side I84 is on, the brake side I88 is oil and vice versa. Thereby the current breaker automatically applies a brake action after each control action to the control set E as well as to the tracer T, resulting in fast and smooth tracing and cutting action of the machine.

Using 220 volt direct electric current passing through the current breaker, the sparking between the breaker sections and the brush is excessive. Therefore a very strong current of air is used to cut off said spark as follows: The air pipe 289 has a flange 222 and is mounted by suitable bolts on the table B as shown in Figs. 1, 8, 14 and 15, so .that certain air nozzles 2 I8-2I9 are located centrally above and leading across each of said breaker disks. Said air current is accelerated by reducing it from a 2" pipe to two 54" x 5 flat nozzles which are again subdivided each in two separate 1: V nozzles by the mica partition 2I3 which, with two side partitions 2i! and 2I8 and a. topsheet 2 having a slot 2 fastened with screws 2I2 into the reducing channel 284' of insulating block 288, form a perfect mica lining for said nozzles having slots 2I4', 2i! and 2I6' intowhich said mica partitions are inserted, set down to the surface of the breaker disc and clamped in said position by screws 2 (see full size detail view Fig. 1'1 showing one of said nozzleswith the current flowing in the :direction of arrow I and the breaker disk running in the same direction, while the air is flowing in the direction of arrows 9-11.); The block 288 has reduced sections .289 into which openings 2I 8 are cut, for clear observation of the spark cutting action of the air currents flowing through said nozzles, leaving a third open section 228 for the same purpose.

A small section of mica I is formed at the three ends of the metal-sections into each breaker disk to prevent the are from burning the insulation at these points. The are is the hottest when said respective metal sections leave the brush, and the arc is blown out by the strong air currents forced through said nozzles 2 I 8-2 I 9. While each breaker disk has three equally divided metal sections, these sections are longer in the control disk I84, and about one third shorter in the brake disk I85, thus giving the controller magnets 88-49 a longer, and the brake magnets 88 (see Fig. 7) a shorter time to act on their respective armatures, resulting in fast and accurate tracing and cutting action of the machine.

The air pipe 283 turns and tapers in its upper right angle turn, and forms into a right angular shape, of which the reducing channel 284' of block 288 forms the continuation. The upper end of said air pipe forms into the straight flange 22I, having the outline of block 288, and on which said block is mounted by screws 2I1, which also hold the cover 281 having an inward curved section 281' covering and leading the air stream in the opposite directions of arrows y-h (see Fig. 17). Said block 288 has downwardly extending sections 2I8' overhanging the sides of said breaker disks and forming the bottom of 'said air nozzles 2I8-2I9. Said air pipe 283 has another pipe 285 leading oii in an upward direction, andthe tracer tube 288 preferably of rubber is attached to the nipple 285' while the other end of said tube is attached to the nipple 291 of tracer T (see Figs. 1 and 21), and the upper loop of it is supported by the hook 288'.

The current breaker K has a step cone 224 matching with the step cone 225 on shaft I51, and is driven at various speeds according to the respective work by belt 228, preferably at. 60 breaks per second.

The tracerT (see Figs. 1, 3, 20 and 21) will now be described. The tracer point 238 is of various forms according to the size and shape of the cutter, but the one shown is a certain standard shape and used extensively for various kinds of work. Said tracer point 288 follows the pattern, while all the other apparatus forms a guiding and control device for operating the control set E, which in turn controls the forward and rearward motions of the tracer and cutting tool, with the object of using a plaster, wood, or other inexpensive pattern against which the tracer operates with a light pressure of about one half pound to one pound, while at the same time the cutting tool operates with from to 200 pounds of pressure for cutting into hard steel, etc.. which pressure varies according to the size and gearing of the control set E to the tool carriage.

The bored and tapped end 23I of the tracer 288 flts to the screw 232 of the tracer bar 248 and is screwed tight against shoulder 292'. The universal action of the tracer 238 to operate the contact 289 is caused by the ball 289 and socket joint 235' of chuck 235 seated tight against shoulder 238 of barrel 268 and bushing 239, but leaving a small gap between the shoulders 233'--239' of said parts for a slight end motion of said tracer for operating said contact 283.

A hole in the wall of chuck 235 through which a small screw 234 is passed and set into the ball 233, is for the purpose of keeping the shank 248 from turning when tracers are screwed on and off said shank. However, clearance is provided for said screw 234 as well as for the shoulder 21" to allow for free action for said universal joint. The hard steel bushing 239 is fitted and screwed tight into the barrel 268 by its screw threaded end 252. The finished bore 248 receives two steel balls 249 which are seated into the counter-sinks 241258 of the shank 240 and the plunger 25I having a coil spring 253 pressing against the shoulder of said plunger and being stripped over the plunger rod 254 with its pointed top end seated in the cone socket 255 of adjusting screw 256, held by its nut in its adjusted position. .While one of said balls 248 is sufllcient to connect the respective parts for operating the controller contacts 284285, the resiliency of two hardened steel balls 249 against each other and co-acting with the tracer point 238 forms a distinct improvement in sensitive tracing action of the machine. The outer end of spring 253 bears against the clip 263 having a slot for adjusting the pressure of said spring and held in proper adjusted position by screw 264.

The contact frame 265 operating on the pivot 286 has the angle 258 operating on pivot 251 with its outer free shank against the lining 259 on the inner side of said open contact frame, while opposite thereto the adjustable spring 483 held in the bore of adjusting screw 482 bears against said frame, said screw being held by the screw threaded lug 484 for pressing the frame and contact 283 over against contact 284 connecting with controller Cl. At the same time magnet 219 is energized by the same current from the controller disk I84 and draws said contacts tight for positive controller action, which again is relieved periodically by magnet 212 drawing the ball 210 in its cone socket, thereby holding the contact 283 neutral between the controller contacts 284-285, thus causing a brake action between each controller action, for accurate tracing action of the machine.

When the pattern in its feed motion strikes the tracer, then the contact 283 is pushed over to control contact 285 connecting to the from work controller C2 and the tracer and tool are drawn away from the pattern. It will be noted that these vibrating actions of the tracer contacts follow each other 60 times a second, causing fast and accurate tracing and cutting action of the machine, ofwhich the only mechanical action is caused by the striking of the pattern 405 against the tracer 230, while all other actions of the tracer are caused automatically by the .Said block may be adjusted in threaded holes 262, and a longer free shank angle 258" shown in dotted lines may be used. for finer action, with less side motion of the tracer point. Thus the tracer T may be readily adjusted for various classes of work, while the alignment of the contact frame 265 and the respective contacts remains the same.

The drawings show an excessive gap between said contacts for easy reading of the drawings, while in actual practise these contacts are set less than of an inch apart. The spark being killed at the current breaker, no sparking takes place at the changing or operating between the contacts, which is another great advantage of.

my system of using said interrupted current. The closer the contacts can be set, the less motion is required of the tracer point for operating same and the more accurate the pattern will be copied. The entire tracer casing as well as the contact frame 265 are made of a light weight aluminum casting, and a hardened and ground bushing 288 is inserted for a sliding fit of ball 210 which, by being drawn into its cone-shaped socket 211 of magnet 212, holds the contact 283 central and out of contact with said other contacts as shown in Figs. 20-21 when the brake acts to keep' the tool carriage from moving, which action takes place 60 times a second, and continuously keeps said position when cutting and tracing a straight surface.

It will be understood that continuous movements of the tracer, such as by the described vibrating means, are of utmost importance in increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of copying, both of which depend upon relative movement of the tracer parts between positions effective respectively for forward or in movement of the tracer toward the pattern, and for interrupting such forward movement. If the tracer parts are permitted to come to rest between the control movements thereof the various pivots and other friction surfaces involved become subject to the friction of rest, or static friction, which is not only high as compared to the friction of a body already in motion, but is also variable according to variations in, for example, temperature, lubrication, the condition and flt of the surfaces, etc. In the present device there is no static friction by reason of the vibration and the continuously moving tracer points are operative under the control of the pattern with very much less pressure, and the pressure required does not vary, remaining substantially constant under wide difierences of operation conditions such as just mentioned. However, such continuous motion of tracer electric contacts might give rise to increase of sparldng or arcing between the contacts. This is avoided in the present device by the use of divided or inter mittent current applied as herein described in such manner that no voltage differential exists between the tracer contactsat any time when the vibrating mechanism opens the contacts.

The tracer T, on account of its co-acting magnets automatically vibrating its contacts, except when the mechanical action of the moving pattern striking the tracer is operating same, or when the tracer being away from the pattern, is operated by spring 483, which of course is always acting to push contact 283 over to contact 284, but is constantly assisted therein by magnet 218 attracting the small armatures 218, but always leaving an air gap. Said magnet is rigidly mounted on the casing by the grooved block 282 connecting with the direct line wire 8.

cell 218, and suitable wiring for its various electrie connections. A bottom v889, preferably of in-' suiating material, is fastened by screws 8l8, and

a transparent cover 884 is held in frame888 by clips 885 and screws 888, said frame being removof the pattern to the tracer as stated to the (to 'work) contact 285 connected by wire I I8 to (from work) controller C2 the circuit is completed by direct wire 4 to direct line 8. The brake circuit of rapidly interrupted eurren leads off from braker disk I85, by brush I81 and wires I88 and I45 to brake S and operates its ably held by groove 882, fitting 'over ledge 88 I,

and a. loopv 881 fitting over flange 888 (see Figs. 28 and 21) holds the lower end in'place. This cover.'is curved, so water or cutting fluidsmay flow off which are used for flushing the tool for 7 cutting or grinding operations, and. to keep sprays of such fluids from striking the contacts of the tracer. The tracer contacts are cooled and kept clean, by the screened air led through flexible tube 288 and cylindrical chamber 888 through slots 298 to said contacts.

A counterbalancing device is used for balanc-' ing the overweight of large and heavy tracer points against the weight of the shank 248, using the universal joint as a fulcrum. The sliding pin 24I has its inner end resting on shank 248 while its outer end is held by lever 242, pin 248, adjusting screw 244, and spring 248 for balancing, indicated by tongues 845-245.

The wiring diagram (Fig. 28) will now be described in connection with some tracer details and connections. The frame 265 has a bore 281 through which the plunger rod 254 passes, and operates on pivot 288. the angle 258 thereby pushing the tracing contact 288 over to the (from work) contact 285 connecting by wire 8 to the (from work) controller C2, thereby pulling the tool carriage with tracer and cutting tool away from pattern and work, until the pressure of the pattern 485 against the tracer 288 is released. Then the tracing contact is again pushed over to the (to work) contact 284 connected by wire IIIto the (to work) controller CI which in-tur'n pushes the tool carriage with tracer and cutting tool toward pattern and work. These actions take place at the rapid rate of 60 times a second and are interspersed with 60 brake actions a second. These brake actions are always effective on said brake S, but not on the tracing contact 7 I when the surface of the pattern is straight or has very little pitch. v

The power line wires 8I4--8I5 with control switch 8" are usually located on the general switchboard of the machine and supply 228 volt direct electric current by wire I88 to the brush.v

I88 .and supply flange I88 of current breaker K. Thence the rapidly interrupted current is led oil the breaker disk I84 and brush I88 and wire I8I to tracing wire 288, leading to the tracing contact 288 being pushed over to the (to work) contact 284 by spring 488, and connecting with wire III to the (to work) controller CI. which completes the [circuit to its magnets-by the direct wire H2 When the tracing contact 288 is pushed by the contact magnets by completing the circuit to direct line 8I4,-'by wire I44. The magnet 212 of tracer T operating in conjunction with the brake S, leads off from the brake current by wire 215 to its cell 218 and completes the circuit by wire 214 to the direct line 8. The magnet 218 of tracer T operating in conjunction with the controllers CI-C2 leads off by wire 211, connecting to coils 288 in parallel, and completing the circuit by leads and wire 218' to direct line wire 8.

"From-work contact 285 is yieidingly connected to contacts 288-288 by insulation plug 285' sliding through the bore of contact 288*, but held by pressure of spring 288 passed over shank 288', and held in tension by clip 282 held in adjusted position by screw 292'.

A separate'circult of the interrupted current from the breaker'disk I84 is connected by wire 8I2 to contact 285' and thence by wire 8l8, shank 289'.and wire 8I8 to solenoid cell 888, operating the pressure bar 828 by magnet 884. and completing its circuit by wire 8I8 leading to the direct wire 8I4. This circuit is for the purpose of stopping the work support long enough to let the tracer have time to extract itself from a very deep and comparatively straight up section of the pattern, by opening said normally closed contacts 288-288. thus releasing the pullof magnet 884 and the pressure on bar 828, which operates the friction drive D for the work support W.

Figs. 29 and 30 show a modified form of drive D for the work support W comprising a driving magnet 844 running like a loose pulley on shaft 858 of bearing bracket 851 having end bearings for said shaft 845848, said bearing bracket oscillating on pivct 858 operated by bar 828, thus engaging either friction wheels 85I or 852 driving the work support in one direction or reversing it to the opposite direction. In either case the circult of wires 8I8--848 stays closed and the coil 858 operates the magnet 844 by means of brushes and collector rings 8I8'-848'. The circuit of magnetic flux extends through either one friction pulley 85I or the other 852, as shown by arrows g-h. However, if said drive is used by closing the switches 841-848, then the solenoid 888 is not needed and is disconnected. The belt 859 is the same as used in the drive D shown in Figs. 1, 2, 8 and 4.

The variable speed drive D (see said above figures) for driving the work support W is mounted on the platform 888 and has the function to drive said work support in the greatest variety of speeds varying according to cutting or grinding operations and the various materials to be worked; it must reverse quickly, and stop when the tracer reaches a deep place to give time to release the tracer while the cutter keeps on cutting the material.

it is held in pivotal sliding position by bolts 884 passing through slots 885 and turning on pivot 858 passing through a reinforced section, forming the welding Joint of bar 828 to the supporting plate 888' in which bolts 884 are firmly mounted for coupling bearing bracket 818 in sliding position with said supporting plate 888' and pushing bar 828 into the respective posi- The bearing bracket 818 is movably supported by said platform 888, to which tion disk 356 in contact with friction wheel 35!- and moving the work table 406 in the direction of arrow 3 (see Fig. 3) while the hand lever 410 is in dotted position When pushed over to dotted position 0', the friction disk 355 engages the friction wheel 352, and the work table 408 moves in the direction of arrow 4. Said friction wheels are covered with a suitable friction surface 35l' (see Figs. 2, 29 and 30). The motor 363 may be driven with any suitable current, the small sheave 362 driving pulley 36l keyed to shaft 36l' and driving friction disk 355 also keyed thereto, and always running in the same direction.

The motor 440 shown in Fig. is a modification of motor 363 and has a loose pulley 4l6 combined with a disk armature, and driven by magnet 4i! tight on the motor shaft, whose coil is connected by suitable collector rings and brushes to leads 312-3" and to wires 3I3-3l4. The said motor takes the place of solenoid 336 for stopping the work table 408 when the tracer is in a deep depression as stated. The friction disks 35I-352 are splined to shaft 350 and are Jointly adjustable thereon by the right and left handed screw 368 (see Fig. 1). Matching right and left handed tapped sleeves, of guides 366- 361 guide said friction wheels jointly along the shaft 350 inwardly for slower speeds and outwardly for faster speeds by turning crank handle 369 in either one direction or reverse thereto, thus being able to make very fine adjustments of feeding speed for the work table 408. The shaft 350 has bearing brackets 313 in which it runs, and the sheave 31I is mounted thereto to drive sheave 380 by belt 312. The sleeve. 38! running on stub shaft 385 has the sheaves 380-382 and 383' in unison therewith.

The table 408 has end bearings 395 in which the lead screw 393 runs, and is pulling the said table by leading through the stationary nut 396 in opposite directions by the bevel gear and pinion connection housed in casing 390, the bevel pinion being driven by the double sheave 382- 383 and the belt 289. The yoke 314 has suitable bearings pivotally connecting it to both ends of shaft 350 with the outer part of the yoke terminating into a fiat bracket, supporting bearing 316 in sliding adjustment against the edge 315 in slots 318 and being held in adjusted position for tightening belt 312 by bolts 319. An adjustable link 386-381 connects with its end bearings the stub shaft 385 and a shoulder turned on casing 390 as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and is set for tightening belt 289 by bolts 388 operating in suitable slots in said link sections. Said link in combination with yoke 314 also guides the said two belts in the up and down and in and out motions of the work support W and table 406. The pedestal 429 has sides 428 and beveled slides 421 on which the crosshead 430 is slidably retained by the beveled guides 426 in very accurate adjusted position by screw bolts 424 passing through suitable bores in lugs 423 and held in said adjusted position by check nuts 425 (see Figs. 1 and 3). The weight of the work support W is counterbalanced by weight 1 435 having a yoke 434 for attaching wire ropes 43| leading over rope sheaves 432-433 turning on studs 432-433' with its free ends being fastened by eye bolts 430' to the crosshead 430. A cover 392" is provided to make gear casing 390 dustproof.

The work support W described above, has a vertical groove 429' for passing the nut 399 (see Fig. 3), and on which it is fed up and down on the pedestal 429 by actuating mechanism comprising lead screw 398 having bearings 398' at its upper and, lower ends, a sprocket 399' attached to the screw, and a sprocket chain 400 leading to sprocket I mounted on spindle 402 in adjustable bracket 404 for tightening said sprocket chain. The crank handle 403 having the usual square socket is passed over the upper extending square stub of spindle 402 for operating the work support up and down said pedestal 429 with a gradual feeding motion at the end of each cut when the table 408 is being reversed by the drive D. A suitable automatic feeding device (not shown) is inserted in the base and attached to the lower end of said lead screw 398, operating in conjunction with reversing bar 328 attached to hand lever M0 by pivot 5. When said lever is moved in base B upon pivot 409, it cooperates with a semi-circular plate 2 having a stop notch 413 receiving the nose of the sliding bolt 4| I to hold the lever in a neutral positionv in which the work table 408 stands still, since the constantly running friction disk 355 then held out of engagement with said friction disks 35I-352.

The reversing bar 326 (see Fig. 4) being held in said neutral position, the roller 33! of lever 333 operating on pivot 335 is held at the point 330' of the triangular shaped lock 330 welded to reversing bar 328, and the dotted position 330' shows said bar and lock moved forward and the roller 33l turning on pivot 332 in position for locking the reversing bar 328, thereby hold- ,ing the running friction disk 355 in contact with friction disk 352 and moving the work table 408 in the direction of arrow 3, while in reversed direction of said bar and look as shown in dotted position 330" the table 408 moves in the direction of arrow 4. However, the solenoid 336, together with spring 338, supplies a flexible yielding pressure to said lock 330 by their combined pull on extension 340 by plunger 3 attached thereto by pivot 34!, all operating on pivot 339 suitably attached to the base of the machine. Said solenoid 336 is pivotally mounted thereto and held in position by casing 331. While the spring 338 keeps the related parts in position, the solenoid, by means of the current connection flowing through the customary closed contacts 286-286 of the tracer T, supplies the required pull against the respective bevel face of lock 330 to feed the table 408 as described. However, if the tracer strikes a deep spot in the pattern and the pressure of the pattern against the tracer 230 becomes excessive, then contact 285 yields and thereby opens the contacts 286-286, thus slowingup or stopping said table 408. The tapering sides of lock 330 accommodate the differing angle of contact of the friction disk 355 to friction disks 35l-352 as they are nearer to the center of friction disk 355 when that angle is greater, or if they are further out, when that angle is lesser, the position of the small roller against said tapering sides of lock 330 varies, but maintains a constant pressure for the friction contact of said friction disks.

The motor 440 (see Fig. 5) is a modification for accomplishing the same purpose by stopping the motor pulley 6 while the motor keeps on runby the adjustable dogs 418 mounted with screws on the upper edge of the table .408, said feeding shaft being held in suitable lugs on the pedestal 429 and crosshead 4311. Below the table B said shaft operatesthe reversing bar 328 by the dog 419 striking pins 480. A modification thereto is shown in Fig. 6, showing an automatic opera-.

tion of the reversing bar 328 by two solenoid magnets 325-325 operating. the respective plungers 3 25326" mounted on lug 321 of reversing bar 328, which is again shown in neutral position, as in Fig. 3. The leads 319 jointly connect to wire 3l5 and the leads 32l-322 lead by way of the reversing switch 323, to solenoid 325, as shown, moving the reversing bar in the direction of arrow K. When the dogs 418 throw the reversing switch,- aided by spring 324, the table 408 will move'in the opposite direction (see wiring diagram Fig. 28).

The base B is divided into two principal sections, being divided by the reinforced partition wall 448, which is bearing the weight of the upper construction by supporting the table B'and is making the front section of said base a separated dustproof chamber having outer intake screen 436 covered with suitable dustproof fabric 438 separating the coarse dust. An inner second screening cloth 422 is drawn over steel rods 44! inserted into suitable holes in sections of the side walls of said base 13, thus forming an inner dustproof chamber 444, having an outlet 445, from which the air pipe 445 leads to the intake 456 of fan'480. The motor 450 has pulley 453 connectedto the'fan pulley 455 by belt 454 running in the direction of arrow w, sucking the air through said screen 442 and screen sections 443, the screened air leading in the direction of arrows i, and the arrows r and 12 leading from said fan in pipes 451 into the control set E for cooling the same, and through pipe 458 to the current breaker K and the tracer T by means of flexible tube 205. Said motor 450 has a second pulley 452 connected to pulley 459 of drive shaft I51 by belt 453 leading in the direction of arrow u. A step cone 225 mounted on said shaft is connected to step cone 224 by belt 223 for driving the current breakerK in the direction of arrow l.- The motor 450, fan 450, and connected accessories are mounted in chamber 449 of base B and is closed in by dustproof sheathing 441 (see Fig. l). A small chamber 451 is provided above said table B, having a cover 48.5 with passage 465' for the flexible tracer cable 464 passing therethrough and forming the loop 456, allowing for various settings of the tracer and for blocking it'up on the tool carriage when long and narrow pieces of pattern and stock are set above each other on said table 408, when said loop is pulled out to reach said higher position of the tracer. A wiring panel 451' is provided receiving all of the tracer wiring from the tracer cable 464 on suitable wiring posts and leading from there to the current breaker, controllers,

brake, etc., as specified in Fig. 28.

An important feature in the construction of the controllers Cl and C2 is the use of a series of small magnets set in ring-like form, near the outer rim of said controllers, so that said'controllers may readily be made more powerful by simply increasing their diameter andadding the required number of additional small magnets,

thereto. Likewise, said controllers can readily be made smaller by using only about three or four of said magnets, when the controllers are used with difierent gearing for controlling the tracer and tool by means of a lead screw, while in either case their etfioiency remains the same. The

small coils 58' are inexpensive andeasily replaced or exchanged for weaker or stronger ones,

according to the particular uses for different machines. The brake S being of very similar construction, and using the same small magnets,

can be changed in size in like fashion, so that said control sets E can be made for any size machine and any purpose without fundamental changes. When a very small control set is used, the transmitter 5| is replaced by a long pinion, prefer-' ably of one piece with the control shaft 1. v

The modifications shown and described are for the purpose of alternate use for various materials and working conditions on the same machine, and do not change the nature or principles of my invention.

The electric control system herein disclosed is useful wherever a minutely accurate control is required to be achieved electrically from a remote point. In an electrical steering gear in floor levelingv devices, for elevators, and in many other pieces of apparatus, there is a tendency for the device which is being operated to overrun the electrical control. In the present invention in which the use of a brake alternates so rapidly with the use of the feed, it is almost impossible for the actuated device to overrun. There is another advantage in that the frequent interruption of the current by the rotary switch relieves the control switch of all tendency to arc, thus eliminating relays and the like.

The general arrangement by which the tool. is driven at a variety of speeds without loading that thedrive to the spindle is effective from a pulley suificiently elongated so that no connection to the spindle is necessary other than that of the belt itself, the weight of which is carried from above.

I claim:

1. An electric control device comprising the combination with driving and driven members, of electrically energized means for controlling the transmission of motion from the driving to .the driven member, a brake applicable to said is inoperative.

2. An electrical control de'vicecomprlslng the combination witha driven member, of -driving means for said ,member' electrically energized control mechanism for actuating said driving and braking means and braking means for said member, electrical connections leading to the respective control mechanism, and a current control means operatively connected for supplying current alternatively through said connections at frequent intervals whereby to actuate said driving and braking means alternately and at frequent intervals.

3. A control device comprising driving and driven members, clutch means for connecting said members, brake means operable upon the driven member, means for intermittently operating the brake means to urge a stop of the driven member at short intervals, and mechanism for actuating the clutch means to drive the driven member from the driving member at intervening intervals.

4. A control device comprising the combination with a driven member, of forward propelling means, rearward propelling means, and braking means operable upon said member, means for continuously and automatically rendering said braking means ifective at short intervals upon said member, means for rendering one of said propelling means effective upon said member in timed relation to said braking means and during the interval when said braking means is inoperative, and a control device operatively connected with said propelling means to determine which thereof shall be operative upon said member during such intervals.

.5. For an electric tool control, a control device comprising stationary and moving electromagnetic elements, means for intermittently energizing one of said elements periodically at a predetermined frequency, a tracer, a tool feed device including an actuating armature in operative relation to said elements and stopped or advanced according as it is attracted by one or the other of said elements, and means including electric contacts and connections controlled by said tracer for directing current to and from another of said elements.

6. The combination with a tracer and carriage, of feeding mechanism therefor including a driving part, a driven part connected with the carriage, an electromagnetic clutch effective between said parts and an electromagnetic brake means for stopping said carriage, means for intermittently energizing the brake, and means controlled by said tracer for intermittently energizing the clutch, said brake and clutch energizing means being alternatively operative.

7. For an electric tool control, a control set comprising a carriage, a tracer and tool mounted on said carriage for movement to and from pattern and work, an actuating member for said carriage, a forward driving electromagnetic clutch element, a rearward driving electromagnetic clutch element, and an electromagnetic brake element respectively adapted for control of actuation of said member, means for continuously driving said clutch elements in opposite directions, current supply means operatively connectible to energize said clutch elements and brake element alternately and intermittently at high frequency, and means actuated by said tracer for regulating the operation of some of said elements.

8. An electric tool control comprising a carriage, a. tracer and cutting tool mounted on the carriage for movement therewith, oppositely moving propelling elements, a driven element, electrically controlled means for selectively coupling the driven element to either of said propelling elements, brake means intermittently effective upon said driven element, and tracer controlled means operative only in the interval of brake inaction for enabling the coupling of said driven element selectively with one of said propelling elements.

9. A control device comprising a driven member, electrical means for controlling the operation of said member including electrically controlled driving connections and electrically controlled braking connections, a circuit to said driving connections including a switch, a second circuit to said braking connections, and means for supplying a periodically interrupted current alternately to the respective circuits, whereby to energize said braking and driving connections alternately.

10. In an electric tool control, the combination with a tracer and switch means closed by the tracer upon its deflection from an intermediate position, impositive means periodically inoperative for automatically drawing said tracer toward said intermediate position, and means for intermittently applying power to said impositive means for rendering it operative.

11. In an electric tool control, the combination with a tracer, switch means closed by the tracer upon its deflection from an intermediate position, a driven member, electrically controlled driving means therefor, electrically controlled braking means therefor, and means for alternately energizing said driving and braking means, said switch controlling the energization of said driving means only, and means whereby the energization of said braking means tends torestore said tracer to said intermediate position.

12. The combination with a machine having a relatively movable work support and cutting tool, of a combined speed changer and reverser operatively connected to effect relative movement between said support and tool and comprising driving and driven shafts mounted for relative angular movement and having an intermediate relative position substantially at right angles to each other, friction disks spaced upon one of said shafts at each side of the end of the other shaft, a complementary friction disk carried by said other shaft and engageable with either of said first mentioned disks upon the occurrence of relative angular movement between said shafts, and means for adjusting said first mentioned disks to and from each other axially from the shaft upon which they are mounted,

13. The combination with a guidew-ay comprising a pair of rails having spaced longitudinally grooved surfaces, of a slide having a portion interposed between said surfaces and provided with complementary longitudinal grooves, a set of anti-friction bearings confined in the respective grooves of the slide and the rails, whereby to providesupport for the longitudinal movement of said slide portion between said rails and stop means connected with said rails in the path of said bearings for limiting the movement of said bearings independently of said slide.

14. In a diesinking or copying machine, the combination with a work support, of a tool slide carrying a tracer and cutting tool and movable to and from said support, guide rails for said slide having laterally spaced longitudinal grooves, portions between which a portion of said slide has complementary grooves, balls positioned in the respective grooves of the slide and nails, spacing plates for said balls interposed between the respective rails and the slide 21 .;In an I inentfrom a 1) and apertured to receive the several balls, and means upon the yielding movement of 'said means adjustably limiting the movement of the respective plates, whereby to fix the range of ball movement'in the several positions of the slide.

15. A device of the character described, comprising the combinationwith a work support and feed mechanism therefor, of a continuously operable source of power for said mechanism, disengageable means for driving said feed mechtracer, and means operable intermittently 'at high frequency for restoring said tracer to said predetermined position whereby periodically "to anism from said source of power, a tracer carriage movable to and from said support, a tracer and tool upon said carriage, means actuated by the tracer for regulating the movement of the carriage, and means effective upon the overloading of the tracer for disengaging said driving means to interrupt the drive to said work support.

16. In a device of the character described, the combination with a contact frame and a switch controlled in the movement of said frame, of a universally mounte'dtracer'point, and means for actuating said frame'in a switch closing direction upon the occurrence of any oscillatory movement of said tracer'point, said means comprising a lever connected with the tracer point and having a socketed end, a push rod connected with the frame and having a socketed end, and

at least one ball interposed between the sockets of said lever and push rod.

'17. In a device of the character described, the combination with a switch and a pivoted switch actuator, of a lever adjustable along said actuator to engage different portions thereof for operating said switch with greater or less movement in proportion to the movement of said lever,

' a push rod engageabie with said lever, a tracer point mounted for universal and yielding movement and provided with a socketed lever, and

at least one ball interposed between the end of said socketed lever and said push rod.

18. In a device of the character described, thecombination with a universally and yieldably mounted tracer lever, of a tracing point carried thereby, means operable bysaid lever for closing assure the separation of said contact means.

22. In a-device of the character described, the combination with a tracer yieldably movable from a predetermined position and provided with contact means, of stationary contact means engageable by said tracer contact means upon the yielding of said tracer from said position, a tool and tool support mounted for movement, electricallycontrolled means for regulating the movement of said tool and tool support, a cir cuit including said electrically controlled means and said contacts, ineans for periodically opening'said circuit, and means for automatically re storing; said tracer to said predeterminedposition upon each interruption of said circuit.

'23. In a deviceof the character described, a

tracer biased for movement toward a '"predeter mined position and yieldable therefrom, an elec-' tromagnet arranged to supplement the bias of said tracer toward said predetermined position, contact means closed by the movement of said tracer from said position, and circuit means for periodically energizing said electromagnet.

24. In 'adevice of the character described, a tracer biased for movement toward a predetermined position and yieldable therefrom, an electromagnet arranged to supplement the bias of said tracer toward said predetermined position,

contact means closed by the movement of said. tracer from said position, and circuit means for periodically energizing said electrom'agnet, together with circuit means for alternately energizing said contactmeans, whereby the circuit to said contact means isinterrupted at the time a relativel'ymovable work support and cutting a switch, and means operative upon said lever for counterbalancing the weightv of said point, said means comprising a post extending upwardly from said lever, -a counter-balancing lever engaging said post, and means biasing said lever adjustably to ppose the weight of said point.

19. In a device of the character described, the combination with a slide, an operating shaft therefor provided with stationary bearings, and means for rotating said shaft in both directions, flexible means encircling said shaft and extending in opposite directions therefrom to said slide, and means adjustably tensioning said means with. respect to said slide, whereby to eliminate lost motion and ensure accurate operation of said slide to and fro in accordance with the rotation of said shaft.

20. In an electric tracer, the combination with an apertured control member subject to displacement, of a ball in the aperture, and an electromagnethaving a pole: upon which the ball is movabia'and means for energizing said electromagnetfroni time to time, whereby the said electromagnet is-energized.

25.The,combination with a machine having tool, of a combined speed changer and reverser operatively connected to effect relative movement between said support and tool and comprising-a driven shaft having fixed bearings, a

driving shaft. mounted for relative angular' movement respecting said driven shaft to and from an intermediate position wherein said shafts are substantially at right angles, a friction disk upon the driving shaft, and friction disks upon the driven shaft spaced at each side of the axis of the drivingshaft for engagement with l the face of the friction disk carried by the drive ing shaft, and means connecting saidudriven shaft with said work support.

26. The combination with a machine'ihav'ing a relatively movable work: support and cutting tool, of a combined speed changer-and reverser operatively connected to effect relative movement between said support and tool and-comprising driving and-driven shafts mounted for attractionthereof forfthe ballwill tend tocent'er said control inja predetermined position.

electric control; the combinatrac'er ;:mouiited v, for yielding moveredeterminedcentral position and.

provided tvritli 'g'iontactmeans, of stationary coni tact means engageable by said tracer contact relative angular movement and having an intermediate relative position substantially at right anglesto each other, friction disks spaced upon one of the shafts at each side of the end of the other shaft, a complementary friction disk carried by saidother' shaft and engageablewith 1 either of the first mentioneddisks upon the 00-1 currence' of relative angular movement between id shafts, means for adjusting said first mentioned disks concurrently to and fromeach other axially along the shaft upon. 'which they are mounted; whereby to "vary the drivingprelation I .."nf gularity of said shafts with respect toeach cthe'ri' .between-saidshafts, means for; adjusting whereby to engage one or the other of said first mentioned disks with said complementary disk, and means biasing said shaft adjusting means toward one or the other extreme of its position whereby yieldably to maintain said disks in engagement, said biasing means including a spring, a cam and a cam follower arranged for the variable tensioning of said spring according to the angular disposition of said shafts, whereby to vary the pressure engagement of said disks according to their displacement.

2'7. The combination with a tracer and contact points controlled thereby, of means for intermittently energizing said contact points, and electromagnetic means for urging said contact points to close, said electromagnetic means being connected to said contact energizing means,

- ward one of said positions, of a carriage operawhereby to be intermittently energized concurrently with the energization of said contacts.

28. The combination with a tracer and a carriage upon which the tracer is mounted, of driving'connections for said carriage including a feed clutch, means controlled by said tracer for activating said feed clutch in a predetermined position of saidtracer, said clutch activating means being intermittently operable, and supplemental means connected with said activating means and intermittently energized concurrently therewith for urging said tracer periodically toward said position.

29. The combination with a tracer and a carriage controlled thereby, said tracer being provided with a mounting upon which it is yieldable between a plurality of positions thereon, of driving connections to said carriage provided with clutch and brake mechanisms, means for intermittently energizing said clutch mechanism subject to the control of said tracer, means for intermittently and. alternately energizing the brake mechanism, means whereby said tracer in one of its positions effects the energization of the clutch mechanism and in another of said tracer positions precludes the operation of said clutch mechanism, and a biasing device connected with the means which intermittently energizes said clutch mechanism for drawing said tracer toward the position in which said clutch mechanism is rendered effective.

30. The combination with a tracer, a carriage and driving connections to the carriage including a clutch and brake, of means controlled by the tracer for rendering said clutch effective in one tracer position and ineffective in another, a plurality of opposing biasing devices operatively energizable to act alternately upon said tracer to assist its movement to the respective positions, and means for alternately energizing said brake and clutch and concurrently energizing the respective devices, the energization of the clutch being concurrent with the energization of the biasing device which urges the tracer toward the position in which said clutch is rendered effective.

31. The method of controlling a driveable member to prevent overrun which comprises braking said member for brief intervals and with high frequency, the synchronous application of power urging motion of said member between certain intervals of braking thereof, and the control of such power application in accordance with the desired advance of said member whereby said member is urged to advance only between certain intervals of braking and not between other intervals of br king.

32. The combination with a tracer mounted tively connected to be controlled by said tracer and provided with driving connections including a clutch and a brake, means for intermittently supplying power for the energization of said clutch, and means controlled by said tracer in its,

last mentioned position for rendering said power effective upon said clutch, together with means for applymg said brake intermittently when said clutch is de-energized.

A device of the character described, comprising the combination with a work support and a cutter support, of means mounting the respective supports for relative movement to and from each other and for relative movement transversely with respect to each other, a traverse mechanism operatively connected with one of said supports for moving it transversely with respect to the other, a feed mechanism connected with one of said supports for .moving it in a direction to and from the other support, a cutter operatively mounted upon the cutter support to partake of the relative transverse movement of the motion to and from the work support, a tracer operatively mounted on the cutter support and provided with control means for interrupting motion transmission through said feed mechanism, said control means comprising a first part connected with the tracer to partake of the movement thereof and a second part in the path of the first part, to be engaged thereby under the influence of the tracer, a resiliently yieldable mounting for said second part, and a second control means connectedv with said mounting to be actuated upon the yielding thereof and provided with connections for the interruption of motion transmission through said traverse mechanism, whereby to stop the transverse relative movement of the respective supports upon the overloading of the tracer.

34. A method of controlled operation of relative feed of cutter and work in a machine tool, which comprises the braking of the feed at cyclic intervals at least approximating 60 cycles per second, and the intermittent driving of the feed between intervals of braking, the braking of the feed being normally continuous during the operation of the machine tool irrespective of the driving and irrespective of the direction of drive.

35. In a copying machine, the combination of a work support and a'tool support, transmission mechanism for relative movement of said supports including interruptible driving clutch means said connectible means and said overrun preventing means are each electromagnetic, said machine including a source of rapidly repeated current impulses and said control means operating to supply alternate current impulses from said tracer device providing elements relatively shiftable under the control of a pattern to different positions respectively effecting interruption and driving operation of said driver, and vibrator means connected for rapidly and continuously alternately urging said difierent positions of the elements.

38. A machine as specified in claim 37 in which said vibrator means is electromagnetic.

39. In a copying machine, the combination of a work support and a tool support, transmission mechanism for relative movement of said supports including an interruptible driver, and control means for said transmission including a trace er device providing elements relatively shiftable under the control of a pattern to different positions respectively effecting interruption and driving operation of said driver, means continuously urging said elements to said driving position thereof, and vibrator means connected for rapidly continuously alternately urging said elements to said interruption position and releasing said elements for movement to the other position.

40. In a copying machine, the combination of. a work support and ,a tool support, transmission mechanism for relative movement of said supports including an'interruptibledriver, and control means for said transmission including a tracer device providing elements relatively shiftable under the control of a pattern to different positions respectively eifecting interruption and driving operation of said driver, and an actuator device rapidly intermittently urging said elementstto said position effecting interruption.

' 41. In a copying machine the combination of a tracer su rt and a pattern-support, transmission'mech nism relativemo'vement of said S pp rts including n." driver device energizable' and deenergizable for controlling a forward direction of one of said supports toward the other, and control means for said transmission including a tracer device carried by said tracer support and providing elements movable to first and second relative positions respectively for effecting said energized and deenergized conditions of said driver device, power vibrator means rapidly a1- ternately urging said tracer elements toward the different positions thereof, and other means for urging said second position of the tracer elements including a pattern carried by said pattern support.

42. In a copying machine the combination of a tracer support and a pattern support, transmission mechanism for relative movement of said supports including an electromagnetic driver device energizable and ,deenergizable for controlling a forward direction of one of said supports toward the other, and control means for said transmission including a tracer device carried by said tracer support and providing contact elements relatively movable to closed andopen positions, a plurality of sources of current each providing rapidly interrupted current impulses at different times respectively, one of said sources being connected to energize said driver device in the closed position of said contact elements, and

a device under the control of the current impulses from the other supply source for continuously intermittently urging said tracer contacts toward said open position whereby to separate the contacts only when they are not actuated from the driver current supply source, said transmission control means including other means for urging said contacts toward open positionincluding a pattern carried by said pattern support.

43. In a copying machine, the combination of a work support and a tool support, transmission mechanism for relative movement of said sup- .ports including clutch means providing friction terrupting effect of said friction surfaces.

44. A machine as specified in claim 43 including transmission brake means providing friction surfalces operable for engagement and release thereof, and power means continuously operative to intermittently engage said brake friction surfaces whenever said vibrator means urges said interrupting eflect of said clutch friction surfaces.

45. A machine as specified in claim 43 in which said vibrator means is electromagnetic, and including means providing electric impulses for said continuous rapid-operation thereof.

46. In a copying machine the combination of a work support and a tool support relatively movable in a plurality of mutually transverse paths,

transmission -mechanism for effecting coordinated movements in said paths including reversible movement in one path and interruptible line feed movement in the other path, and control mechanism for said transmission mechanism including a tracer device providing elements relatively movable through a predetermined distance for control of said reversible movement and movable 9. further distance, electromagnetic means 'for interruption of said interruptible line feed movements, contacts normally urged to a predetermined relative position and' connected for displacement therefrom upon said element movement through said further distance, and rapidly intermittent current supply means connectible to efiect operation of said electromagnetic meansin said displaced position of the contacts.

47. In an electrically operated tracer controlled machine tool, a so'unce of two series of alternately occurring unidirectional electrical impulses, a tracer mechanism responsive to a pattern forcontrolling the operation of said machine, o. cutter arranged to operate upon a work piece, means connectible to be operated by one of said series of electrical impulsesand to function intermittently to urge relative movement of said cutter and work piece, means connected to be operated by the other of said'series of electrical impulses 'andfunctioning intermittently to oppose said relative movement of said cutter and work piece, and means responsive to operation of said tracer mechanism to alternatively connect or disconnect said means for urging relative movement in accordance with the contour of the. pattern.

48,1n a tracer controlled machine tool, a tracer mechanism arranged to cooperate with a pattern to be copied, a cutter mounted for oper-

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