US225351A - Steam-engine - Google Patents

Description

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J D DAVIES Steam-Engine.

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Y ILPEFERS. PHOTO-LUNOGRAFHER. WASHINGTN. D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH n. DAVIEs-OE oovINe'rON, KENTUCKY.-

STEAM-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No.v 225,351, i i Application filed December 1B, 1875i.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J osEPH D. DAvIEs, of

` tion ofthe invention', such as will enable others skilled in the` art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a Apart of this specification.

My`invention relates to an mimprovement in steam-engines and otherlmotors.

The object of the invention is to cause the piston of a steam-engine or other motor to transmit a constant and equable force throughout every portion of its stroke, and prevent any undue strains on the different parts of the' engine when operated expansively, and to regulate the power to compensate for the variable resistance offered by the mechanism to be actuated.

To this end my invention consists, essentially, in the combination, with the piston-rod of a steam-engine or other motor, of one or more auxiliary engines or power-actuated piston-rods connected directly or indirectly with the piston-rod of the steam-engine or motor in such a manner that the auxiliary pistonrods will offer a variable resistance to the main piston-rod throughout the first half of its stroke, and will impart a variable assistance to the main piston-rod throughout the last half of its stroke, and thus cause the engine or motor to transmit a constant and equable force throughout every portion of its stroke.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a view, in perspective, of a direct-acting engine provided with my improvement. Fig. 2 is a plan view, showing the relative position of the parts when the steam-piston is at the commencement of its stro1 e, Fig. 3 is a similar view, representing the position of parts when the steam-piston has completed one-half its stroke 5 and Fig. 4, a similar view, showing the relative position of parts when the piston has completed its stroke. Figs. 5 and 6 are detached views of valve mechanism, and Fig.

dated March 9, 1880.I

7 a view showing theY attachment applied to a steam-engine.

A represents the frame, B the steam-cylinder, and G the pump-cylinder, of a direct-acting steam-pump, which parts may be of any approved construction, my invention being adapted for application to any ordinary directcting steam-pump, steam-engine, air-pump,

Dis the piston-rod, to the center of which is secured a cross-head, E. At opposite sides of the piston-rod D are located the auxiliary or equalizing cylinders F F', each of which is provided with trunuions et ct', which are yjournaled, respectively, in the lateral bracket G of the engine-frame and cross-bar or frame G', the latter being supported on the uprights or pillars H H. Y

The pistou-rods I L of the oscillating cylinders F F are provided with eyes on their outer ends, through which are inserted the bolts L L, which extend through the opposite ends'of the cross-head E, thus pivoting the pistons to the cross-heads.

rlhe oscillating cylinders F F are, in fact, single-acting oscillating engines, steam, compressed air, or liquid being' admitted through the trunnions, in any suitable manner, to the rear portions of the cylinders to exert a constant outward pressure on the pistons within said cylinders. When the main piston is at thc commencement of its stroke, as illustrated in Fig. 2, the auxiliary or equalizing engines or cylinders will offer the maximum resistance to the outward movement of the main piston, as, of course, the main and auxiliary pistonrods are located more nearly in parallelism at the opposite ends of their stroke than at any other part of the stroke ofthe engine. As the main piston-rod moves outward the equalizer is gradually turned on its trunnions, and its resistance to the main piston gradually diminishes until the main and auxiliary piston-rods are at right angles to each other, as represented in Fig. 3, at which point the equalizers or auxiliary cylinders will have no effect on the action of the engine. When the center of the main piston-rod passes the first half of its stroke theequalizers or auxiliary cylinders begin to act and assist the movement of the main IOO tion of the stroke.

engine, as the power of the main steam-cylinder is then re-enforced by the power exerted upon the pistons in the auxiliary cylinders, and the power of the latter constan tly increases as the cylinders are swung around and their piston-rods approximate more closely a line of movement in parallelism to that of main piston-rod. The angles of the auxiliary pistonrods are constantly changing from the commencement to the end ofthe stroke of the engine or other motor to which the equalizer-s are attached, and hence the relative amount of resistance offered and assistance afforded by the equalizers varies throughout every por- The force of the equalizers may be varied throughout the different portions of the stroke of the engine or motor by a cut-off applied to lany part of the supplypipc, or by varying the cut-off or pressure on the main piston of the engine or motor, or by 4 varying the pressure on the pistons of the I I No,

equalizers during` the different parts of the stroke of the main piston-rod, or by varying the proportions of the stroke of the equalizers to that of the stroke of the main piston-rod, or by changing its position during the stroke to vary the pressure, as desired.

Different forms of valve mechanism and gearing may be connected with the equalizers, and hence I do not restrict myself to any particular construction or arrangementv of valve mechanism.

The trunnions may be bored out to form steam -passages therein, and steam supply pipes be connected therewith, said pipes being provided with ordinary throttle-valves to cut off or regulate the supply of steam as may be desired.

The equalizing-cylinders may each be provided with a steam-passage, M, leading from the trunnion to the rear end of the cylinder, as shown in Fig. 6, and within said steampassage may be placed a puppet-valve, N, having a stem, N', pivoted to an arm, O, which is pivoted at one end to a post, I?, attached to the cylinder. l

The free end'of the arm is supported upon a stationary bearing, Q, the parts being so arranged that the valve will be automatically opened and closed by the movement ofthe cylinder.

I may-employ. rotary or slide valves in connection with the trunnions; but as it isevident that many changes may be resorted to as regards the construction and arrangement o't' valve mechanism, I have thus far only pointed out the application of my invention to direct-acting engines; but it is obvious that it is equally applicable to beam-engines, both double and single acting; and in pumpingengines the equalizers may be attached to beam, as shown in Fig. 7or to the piston or pump rod, or any reciprocating or vibrating part of the engine havingl a movement simultaneous with that of the piston.

In single-acting engines, or engines having a greater load in one direction, the equalizers may be placed nearer one end of the stroke, thus offering greater resistance in one direction and giving more assistance in the other than when located midway the stroke.

It will be observed that if the supply-pipe to the equalizer be connected to the valve-chest of the motor it will always insure a pressure on the equalizer equal to that in the motor.

I would have it understood that I do not restrict myself to the employment of any particular form ot' valve mechanism in connection with the equalizers.

In some cases the principle of my invention can be employed to advantage and secure an even and uniform stroke to small engines by employing spiral or volute springs in lieu of the auxiliary steam-cylinders. In such case the springs would be seated against a xed head, and the piston-rod attached to a disk resting against the free end of thespring, the disk being held in place by means of guiderods passing through openings in the iixed head.

My invention is adapted to be applied to many different uses, and hence I do not restrict the improvement to any particular purposes or uses. I

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, with the piston-rod of a steam-engine or other motor, of one or more auxiliary engines or power-actuated pistonrods connected with the piston -rod of the steam engine or motor, and arranged and adapted to impart avariable resisting and assisting force to said piston-rod throughout different portions of its stroke, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the piston-rod of a steam-engine or other motor, of one or more auxiliary oscillating engines the piston-rods of which are connected with the main pistonrod, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with a steam-engine or other motor, of one or more auxiliary engines connected with the main steam engine or motor in such a manner that said auxiliary engines shall offer a constant] y-decreasin g resistance to the main piston-rod through the rst half of its stroke and a constantly-increasing assistance throughout the remaining half of its stroke, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing' I have hereunto set my hand this 9th day of December, 1879.

JOSEPH DANKs DAvIEs.

Witnesses OHAs. J. HELM, SAMUEL BIGSTAFF.

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