US2252895A - Directional control of sanding - Google Patents

Description

R. E. MILLER DIRECTIONAL CONTROL OF SANDING Aug. 19, 1941.

Filed June 25, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet l R A E .w L 9 T M U T w. N N R m W A H.

Tm QM A AAAAA mm a m+ Nm J 5 Run A118. 19, 1 R. E. MILLER 2,252,895

DIRECTIONAL CONTROL OF SANDING Filed June 25, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 w-wga i.-miV/lIII/110111014i INVENTQR RAYMQNU EjviiLLEF? qowauwgg ATTOFEN EY Patented Aug. 19, 1941 UNITED T DIRECTIONAL CONTROL OF SANDING v Raymond E. Miller, Wilkinsburg, Pa assig-nor to The Westinghouse Air Brake Company, Wilmerding; Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application June 25, 194 0, Seriai No. 342,245

19 Claims.

and more particularly to the type employed in connection with railway vehicles .for sanding the rails ahead of or at the leading side of the vehicle wheels to increase the degree of adhesion between the wheels'and rails for minimizing the po ssibility of slipping of the wheels on the rails whenvpower is applied to. the wheels for either accelerating ordecelerating the vehicle.

a Most railway vehicles are adapted to operate in eitherdirection, the leading end of the vehicle or loading side of the wheels under the vehicle upon movement in one direction becoming the t l n e or si e u on mov m t i he (mp0; site direction, and in order to obtain the desired adhesion between the wheels and rails for both directions of movement it is therefore desirable that sand n p ar u b o e ati e o s pp y sand to the rails at both sides of the wheels, A supply of sand to the rails at the trailing sides of :thewheels is however useless and merely a waste,

and one. biect of the. invention s e ef r i provide an improved sanding arrangement for "railway vehicles conditionable automatically for supplying sand to the rails only at the leading.

side of the wheels, regardless of the direction of movement of the vehicle.

Another object of the inventionis, the provision of an improved sandingapparatus for a railway vehicle embodying inertia responsive means i conditionable automatically upon a certain rate of change in vehicle speed to provide for the supply of sand to the rails only at the leading side of the vehicle Wheels and toprevent the supply of sand to the trailing side of said wheels, regardless, of the direction of movement of the vehicle.

i qther object of the invention is to provide an improved pneumatically controlled sand supply device of the ejector type for supplying sand f a din u po es. an em o y n ns fo insuring that the sand pipes through which sand is adapted to be supplied to the track rails are opened before sand is supplied thereto.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following more detailed description of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic View, partly in section and partly in outline, of a sanding apparatus embodying one form of the invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view takfin on the line 2-2 in Fig. 1; Fig, 3 is a diagrammatic view, partly in section and partly in outline, of another embodiment. of the invention; r

This invention relates to sanding apparatus Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 4-4 in Fig. 3; and Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on the line 5-5 in Fig. 4.

Des ipt o In Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings the reference numeral l indicates a. wheel of a railway vehicle and the reference numeral 2 indicates a rail on which said wheel is adapted to roll, the two forms of the invention being associated with this single wheel and rail merely for illustrative purposes, it being understood that the improved sanding apparatus may be arranged to sand rails at the leading side of each vehicle wheel as shown a selector device 5 for controlling the operation of the sand supply devices 3 and 4 according to the direction of movement of the Vehicle.

The sand supply devices 3 and 4 are preferably identical in structure each comprising a casing 6 having at one side a flange 1 adapted to be secured to the end flange 8 of a sand carrying receptacle or box 9 carried by the vehicle and containing sand for supply through the sand supply devices 3 and 4 to the track rail 2.

The casing 6 of each of the sand supply devices 3 and 4 is provided with three coaxially arranged, vertically extending bores 9a, Ill, and II; the bore 9a which is of smallest diameter being located in the lower portion of the casing while the bore H which is of greatest diameter is located at the top of the casing and has its outer end closed by a cover l2. A bushing I3 is secured in the bore 9a and has a longitudinally extending passage l4 which is open at its lower her 24 is open through a passage 25 to a sand outlet passage 25 from v the sand box 9 and through these passages sand is adapted to be supplied from said box to the chamber 24. The valve 23 is adapted to move with the pistons I8 and IS in an upward direction from the position shown and thus out of contact with the bushing I3 as will be hereinafter more fully described. The bushing I3 and the valve 23 are preferably made of a material such as relatively soft rubber to resist being cut away by sand coming in contact therewith. A rubber sleeve or tip 2'! is securedover the lower end of stem 2| to protect same against abrasion by sand.

Below the piston l8 there is a chamber 28 which is open to the atmosphere through a vent 'port 29, while abovesaid piston is a chamber 30 which is connected by a passage 3| to an anjnular recess 32 provided in or around the bushing I3, preferably midway between its ends. The passage l4 through the bushing I3 is of reduced cross sectional area midway between its ends as indicated by the reference numeral 33, and the annular chamber 32 is open through a plurality of ports 34 to this relatively restricted portion of said passage. In chamber 3|] there is a spring 35 one end of which bears against the cover I2 and the other end acts on the piston I9 for normally urging said piston and the piston I18 to the positions shown.

The sand supply passage 25 is connected by a passage 36 with the atmosphere and in passage35 a choke 31 is provided for controlling the rate of flow of air from the atmosphere to the passage 25 during sanding, as will be later explained. The stem 2| has a passage '39 extending longitudinally therethrough and open at one end through the end of said stem to passage I4 in bushing I3. The other end of the passage 39 in the sand supply device 3 is connected to a fluid pressure supply pipe 40, while in' the sand supply device 4 said passage is connected to a'fluid pressure supply pipe 4|.

The pipes 43 and 4| lead to the selector device 5 and open therein at opposite ends of a bore 42. In this bore there is slidably mounted a valve 43 comprising a pair of pistons 44 which are integrally connected together by a stem 45.

Between the pistons 44 is an annular chamber 46 which is constantly open to a pipe 41 through which fiuid'under pressure is adapted to be supplied by any suitable or conventional manually or automatically operative means for effecting sanding of the track rail 2. one of the pistons 43 is constantly open to the atmosphere through a passage 4111 while the opposite face of the other piston is also constantly subject to atmospheric pressure in a chamber 48 which is connected to the atmosphere through a port 49.

The valve 43 is shown in the drawings in one of two operating positions and in this position it will be noted that the annular chamber 45 establishes communication between the fluid pressure supply pipe 41 and the pipe 4| leading The outer face of leading to the sand supply device 4 is adapted to be opened to chamber 48 and thereby to the atmosphere through the vent port 49. V V For positioning the valve 43 there is provided in chamber 48 a mass or weight 5| which is supported on one end of a pair of shafts 52. the opposite ends of which have a pivotal connection with the casing of the device through the medium of a pin 53. Intermediate the pin 53 and weight 5| one end of a link 54 is pivotally connected to the shafts 52, while the other end of said link is operatively connected to the valve 43.

By this arrangement it will be apparent that movement of the weight 5| from the position shown in the direction of the left hand is adapted to operate through the link 54 to shift the valve 43 from the position shown to its other position above mentioned, while movement of the weight in the opposite direction back to the position shown is adapted to pull the valve 43 to the position in which it also is shown.

The weight 5| is adapted to be positioned upon retardation of a vehicle obtained when braking same/and in order that it will be thus responsive, the pivot pin 53 is arranged with its axis extending transversely of the vehicle so that the weight 5| is movable in the direction of the vehicle length.

Movement of the weight 5| from one position to another is opposed by a spring 55 one end of which acts on a seat 56 having a pivotal connection with the casing, while the opposite end of the spring acts on a seat 51 having a pivotal connection with the mass or weight 5|, as shown in Fig. 2. A pin 53 secured to the spring seat 55 slidably extends through a suitable bore in spring seat 5'! for maintaining the two seats and thereby the spring in cooperative relation.

It will be noted that when the brakes, on a vehicle equipped with this improved sanding arrangement, are applied and the vehicle starts to decelerate the inertia of the weight 5| will act to move said weight in the'direction of travel of the vehicle and relative to the vehicle, such movement being opposed by the spring 55, and these parts are so designed that movement of the weight will be prevented until the rate of rebe apparent that the parts of the device can be so designed as to insure that the weight 5| will not move except when intended.

Operation Let it be assumed that the weight 5| is initially in its left hand position and that the vehicle is moving in the direction indicated by the arrow 60. Now when the brakes on the vehicle are applied and the rate of retardation or change in speed of the vehicle resulting therefrom is increased to a degree where the inertia of the weight 5| exceeds the opposing force of spring 55, said weight will move from its left hand position in the direction of the position shown. As soon as the line of action of sprin 55 passes [to the right hand side of the fulcrum pin .53 then said spring becomes effective to act in conjunction with the inertia 'of the weight to promptly effect movement thereof and thereby of the valve 43 to the positions shown, in which the fluid pressure supply pipe 41; is connected to the pipe 4| for supplying fluid under pressure to the sand supply device 4.

Now let it be, assumedthat the vehicle is moving in a direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow 60. In this case the weight 5| will move from the position shown to its opposite or left hand position and thereby shift the valve 43 to the position for connecting the fluid prese sure supply pipe 41 to pipe 40, leading to the sand supply device 3.

It will therefore be apparent that the selector device 5 will respond to retardation of the vehicle to connect the fluid pressure supply pipe 41 to either the sand supply device 3 or 4, whichever is operative to supply sand to the leading side of the wheel I depending upon the direction of movement of the vehicle.

After a vehicle leaves a terminal the selector device 5 will operate to cut in the proper sand device 3 or 4, according to the direction of movement of the vehicle, the first time that an application of brakes is effected of such intensity as to require sanding of the track rail. It will be apparent that a lighter application of the brakes may be effected prior to such a heavy application of brakes and that the selector device 5 will not respond to such a light application, but under such circumstances sanding of the rail 2 is not required, otherwise a heavier application of the brakes would be effected. Thus, whenever sanding of the rails is required the selector device 5 will respond to cut in the proper sand supply device 3 or 4 according to the direction of movement of the vehicle. After the proper sand supply device is cut in it will remain cut in so long as the direction of movement of the vehicle is not reversed as will be apparent.

When the vehicle is moving in the direction indicated by arrow 60 and the weight 51 is in the position shown, if fluid under pressure is supplied to the pipe 41 to effect sanding, such fluid flows through the selector device 5 to pipe 4| and thence to the sand supply device 4.

Fluid under pressure thus supplied to the sand supply device 4 flows through passage 39 therein into passage l4 in bushing 13 and, assuming that the sand supply pipe [5 leading to the rail 2 is open, this flow of fluid under pressure through the restricted portion 33 of passage [4 acts through ports 34 to reduce the pressure in the annular cavity 32 and thereby in chamber 30 above the piston I8 to a degree below atmospheric pressure acting in chamber 23 below said piston and in chamber 23 below the piston I 9. The degree of such reduction in pressure in chamber 30 is adapted to provide a, sufficient differential of fluid pressures on the piston l8 to move said piston and thereby the piston I9 in an upwardly i ec o a a n s i 35 n to a o i io efined by engagement of the piston IS with cover l2. This movement of the piston 20 pulls the valve 23 away from the end of bushing [3 there by opening communication between the annular chamber 24 and the passage [4;

With valve 23 thus unseated the jet of air frompassage 39 directed through the passage 14 in bushing l3 effects a reduction in pressure inthe space around the end of said stem and thereby in chamber 24, due to which sand from he sand box is drawn h u h. the passa es 36 and to chamber 24 from which it is pulled into passage I54 and BJQQted therefrom through the pipe l5 to the rail 2 for sanding same.

At. the same time that sand is thus drawn from the sand box, air from the atmosphere is drawn through passage 36 into passage 25 at a rate determined by the size of choke 31 and one purpose of such flow is to agitate and break up the sand supplied to chamber 24 for sanding purposes. The degree of agitation thus obtained can be, varied by the specific location of passage 36 and y the size of choke 31, which also control the amount of sand supplied for sanding purposes, since as will be apparent the force pulling the sand from the sand box may be increased by reducing the flow capacity of choke 3'! or reduced by increasing such flow capacity.

When the supply of fluid under pressure to the pipe 4'1 is cut off to terminate sanding the flow of fluid under pressure through passage l4 and the bushing l3 ceases and as a result the fluid pressures a ain equalize on the opposite sides of pistons I 8 and IS in the sand device 4 following which spring acting on said pistons return same to their normal positions for seating the valve 23 against the end of bushing l3 so as to thereby prevent further flow of sand from sand box 9 to the sand pipe 15 and thence to rail 2 Now, assume that the vehicle is moving in the direction opposite that indicated by arrow 60 and that the weight 5| is in its left hand position. If fluid under pressure is now supplied to the pipe 41 to, effect sanding of the rail, such fluid flows through the selector device 5 to pipe 40 leading to the sand supply device 3. The sand supply device 3 will then operate in the same manner as the sand supply device 4 to supply sand to the rail 2 ahead of the wheel, assuming that the delivery pipe l5 from the sand sup l de ic 3 is Open It will now be noted that when the vehicle is moving in the direction indicated by arrow the sand supply device 3 does not operate, while upon movement of the vehicle in the opposite direction the sand supply device 4 does not operate. In other words only the sand supply device operates which is adapted to supply sand to the leading side of the wheel.

If at the time that fluid under pressure is supplied to the pi e 41 for efiecting operation of the sand device 3 or 4 to supply sand to the track rail 2;, the sand outlet pipe [5 is closed or sufficiently restricted by foreign matter such as ice, snow or by caked sand, then the fluid under pressure supplied from passage 39 through the bushing I3 will not be able to flow through the sand pipe l5 and cause the pressure in piston chamber 36 to be reduced as above mentioned. Under such a circumstance spring 35 will maintain the pistons l8 and {9 in the positions shown so as to hold the valve 23 seated and prevent the flow of sand from the sand box 9 to the sand pipe I 5. The pressure of fluid will then build up in the sand supply pipe I5 on the obstruction in the pipe and such build up will continue to a degree, limited only by the pressure of fluid at the source of supply, which will break loose the obstruction in the sand supply pipe l5 and blow same out of the pipe. As soon as the supply pipe I5 is thus cleared then the fluid under pressure directed through passage l4 in bushing 13 will become effective to. reduce the pressure in chamber 3D for opening the sand supply valve 23 to supply sand for sanding rail 2 in the manner above described. Thus sand cannot be supplied from the sand box 9 to the delivery pipe l until this pipe is suificiently clear of obstructions to allow the desired flow of sand therethrough to the track rail 2. This insures opening of the delivery pipe I5before sand is supplied thereto which otherwise might create further obstruction thereof.

It will now be apparent that if the selector device 5 is conditioned as shown due to movement of the vehicle in the direction indicatedbiy arrow 60, the sand device 4 is operative to supply sand during sanding to the rail ahead of the wheel l, while the sand-device 3 is non-operative. In case the vehicle is moving in the opposite direction then the selector device 5 will operate as above described to render the sand device 4 non-operative and to connect the sand device 3 for operation so that during sanding the sand device 3will operate to supply sand to the rail 2 ahead of the wheel I. Thus whenever sanding of the rail is required sand will be supplied to the rail only at the leading side of the vehicle regardless of the direction of movement of the vehicle.

Description of embodiment of invention shown in Figs. 3 to 5 In this embodiment of the invention only one sand supply'device, indicated by the reference numeral Bil, is employed for supplying sand for sanding of the rail 2 at both sides of the wheel l instead of the two sand supply devices 3 and 4 shown in Fig. 1, while an inertia type selector device 61 is arranged to direct the sand supplied by the single sand device St to the leading side of the wheel in accordance with the direction of movement of the vehicle.

The sand supply device 60 may be identical in structure to the sand supply devices 3 and 4 shown in Fig. 1. In this embodiment the fluid pressure supply pipe 4'! is connected directly to the sand supply device Gil and in operation said device is operative to deliver sand from the sand box' 9 to an outlet pipe 62 leading to the selector device 6!. 4 r

The supply pipe 62 opens to a chamber 63 in the selector device. 6| and said chamber is provided with two oppositely arranged outlet openings 64 and B5 communicating respectively with sand delivery pipes 65 and 67 leading to the rail at opposite sides of the wheel I.

The outlet openings 64 and 65 are provided through bushings E8 and 69 respectively which are secured in the selector device and which are preferably made of rubber or the like to resist abrasion by sand. The adjacent ends of the bushings 68 and 89 constitute two oppositely arranged seats for engagement by a valve 10 also preferably made of rubber. The valve "M is disposed in chamber 63 and carried by a pair of arms H which are secured for movement with a rock shaft 12 journalled in the casing. These parts are so arranged that upon movement of the 'rock shaft 72 in one direction theball valve 10 will be moved into engagement with the bushing 69 to close communication between chamber 63 and delivery pipe 61 while upon movement of said valve in the opposite direction it is adapted to engage the bushing 68 for closing communication between the chamber 63 and the delivery pipe 66. When communication between one of the delivery pipes 56 or (ii and the chamber 63 is thus closed the other delivery pipe is opened to said chamber, as will be apparent.

The selector device 6i further comprises a mass or weight 73 having arms 14 secured to the shaft 12 for turning same and thereby the valve upon movement of said weight. The shaft 12 extends transversely of the car and the mass 13 is thus arranged to respond to retardation of the vehicle the same as the mass 51 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. For controlling movement of the mass i3 there is provided a spring M acting on opposite ends of a pair of telescopically arranged sleeves 15, the end of one sleeve being pivotally mounted on a pin 16 which is carried by a cap nut ll having screw-threaded engagement with the casing of the device, while the opposite end of the other sleeve is pivotally mounted on a pin 18 carried by the weight 13.

Operation of embodiment shown in Figs. 3 to 5 Let it be assumed that the vehicle is moving in the direction indicated by arrow 80 in Fig. 3 and that the brakes on the vehicle are applied to a degree suflicient for causing the Weight 13 to move forwardly of the vehicle to the position shown in Fig. 5. Under this condition the ball valve 10 will be closing the open end of the bushing 69 and opening communication between chamber '63 in the selector device and the sand delivery pipe 66. Now if fluid under pressure is supplied through pipe 4'! to the sand device to effect a sanding operation, sand is blown from said device through pipe 62 into chamber 63 and thence through passage 54 and delivery pipe 66 to the rail 2 ahead of the wheel I, it being noted that the ball'valve iii under this condition prevents the supply of sand to pipe 6'! leading to the rail at the trailing side of the wheel.

If the vehicle is moving in the opposite direction, under which condition the ball valve H3 will be seated against bushing $8, it will then be apparent that the sand supplied to cavity 63 upon operation of the sand device 6 will flow through the delivery pipe 61 to the rail 2 at the leading side of the wheel I, while the ball valve 10 will prevent the flow of sand through the delivery pipe 66 to the trailing side of the wheel I,

Thus, in this embodiment of the invention, the selector device 6! is conditionable automatically according to the direction of movement of the vehicle to direct sand only to the leading side of the vehicle wheel and to prevent flow of sand to the trailing side of the wheel during a sanding operation regardless of the direction of movement of the vehicle. In this embodiment however the selector device 6! is arranged to control the sand delivered by the sand device so that only one sand device is required toprovide sand for both directions of movement of the vehicle in contrast to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 where the selector device 5 controls the supply of fluid under pressure to the two sand devices one of which is required for each direction of movement.

If the delivery pipes 66 or 61 are clogged with foreign material or caked sand at the time fluid under pressure is supplied to the sand supply device 60 to effect sanding of the rail, it will be apparent that such pressure will build up in the connected delivery pipe'through chamber 63 in the selector device El and cause such clogging material to be broken loose and ejected from the pipe before sand is supplied to said pipe, in substantially the same manner as in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.

Summary erates automatically to provide selective sanding wheel regardless of the direction of movement of ithejvehicle; The inertia or pendulum type of diiectional control conditionable by a certain rate of change in speed or retardation of a vehicle is simple yet positive in its selective control. This selective control may be between difierent sand supply devices or between different sand delivery pipes from the same sand supply device.

The improved sand supply device is provided to render the automatic apparatus especially'efficient and effective since substantially no sand will be supplied for sanding until after the sand delivery pipe is clearedof obstructions thereby peventing further clogging of said pipe if already clogged. This cleaning of the sand pipe ofyobstructions'is also well assured since until the clogging material is broken loose, all fluid pressure supplied thereto is blocked against escape, thereby permitting the attainment of a relatively high fluid pressure for cleaning said pipe.

wane two illustrative embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail, it is not the intention to limit the-scope to these embodiments or otherwise than by the appended claims.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: g i

1. A sanding arrangement for sandinga rail under a railway vehicle, comprising, a plurality bffsand delivery pi t which Sand is adapted to be delivered to saidrail, means operable to supply sand tocn'e or another or said pipes, and inertia means conditionable upon a chosen rate of change in speed of the vehicle for f selecting the pipe to whichsand is supplied by said means in accordance with the direction of movement of the vehicle:

2 .A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail "under a railway vehicle, comp-rising, a plurality of sand delivery pipes through which sand is adapted to be delivered to said rail, means operable to supply sand to said pipes, and inertia controlled means responsive to a chosen rate of change in speed of said vehicle upon movement thereofin one direction to render said means operable to eiTect a supply of sand to oneof said tionto another of said pipes.

3. A sanding arrangement for a railway ve hicleficomprising, a plurality of sand delivery pipes through which sand is adapted to be delivered to a track rail, means operable to supply sand to said pipes, inertia controlled means responsive to a chosen rate of change in speed of said vehicle, and means controlled by said inertia controlled means for selectively establishing one pipes and upon movement in the opposite direc- "or another of two communications in accordance "with the direction of movement of the vehicle for effecting the supply of sand to either one or another of said pipes.

4. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a railway vehicle wheel, comprising, de-

livery means for effecting a delivery of sand to saidrail at one side of said wheel, delivery means for effecting a delivery of sand to said rail at the opposite side of said wheel, selector meansfor rendering either one or the other of said delivery means effective and the other noneffective, and inertia means responsive to retardation of a vehicle in either direction of movement thereof for operating said selector means torender the delivery means at the leadregardless of the direction of movement of the vehicle.

5. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail' under a wheel of a railway vehicle, comprising, one communication through which fluid under pressure is adapted to flow to efiect sanding'of said rail at one side of said wheel, another communication through which fluid under pressure is adapted to flow to effect sanding of said rail at the opposite side of said wheel, valve means for controlling said communications, and inertia means responsive to retardation of the vehicle in either direction of vehicle movement for conditioning said valve means to open the communication for effecting sanding of the rail at the leading side of the wheel and for closing the other communication in accordance with the di- "rection of movement of the vehicle.

6. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railway vehicle, comprising, a

main communication through which fluid under pressure is adapted to flow, a branch communication adapted to, receive fluid under'pressure from said main communication for effecting the supply of sand to said rail atone side of said wheel, another branch communication torreceiving fluid under pressure from said main communication to effect a supply of sand to said rail at "the opposite side of said wheel, valve means having one position for connecting said main communication with one of said branch communications and for closing communication between saidymain communication and the other branch communication and movable to another positionior reversing such connections, an inertia element movable upon retardation of a vehicle to either one or another of two positions dependent upon the direction of movement of the vehicle, and means connecting said inertia element to said valve means for conditioning said valve means to connect the main supply communication to the branch communication through which the supply of sand to the loading side of the wheel is adapted to be effected, dependent upon the direction of movement of the vehicle.

i7. A sanding apparatus for sanding a rail undera wheel of a. railway vehicle, comprising, a communication through which fluid under pressure is adapted to flow to effectsanding of said rail at one side of said wheel, another communication through which fluid under pressure is adapted to flow to effect sanding of said rail at the opposite side of said Wheel, a pipe through which fluid under pressure is adapted to be supplied to said communications, a valve operative in one position to connect one of said communications to said pipe and to disconnect the other communication from said pipe and operative in another position to reverse the connections between" said communications and pipe, and a weight arranged to move in the direction of the length of the vehicle and responsive to retardation of the vehicle upon movement in either direction, said Weight being connected to said valve and being operative upon retardation of said vehicle when moving in one direction to connect said pipe to the communication through which fluid under pressure is adapted to be supplied to effect sanding of the rail ahead of said wheel and being operative upon retardation of said vehicle when thevehi'cle is moving in the opposite direction to connectsaid pipe to the other communication. e v

V 8. A sanding apparatus for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railway vehicle, comprising, a device having a chamber open to a pipe through which fluid under pressure is adapted to be supplied to said chamber for effecting sanding of said rail, said chamber having two outlets, one providing for the flow of fluid under pressure from said chamber to effect'sanding of said rail at one side of said wheel and the other providing for flow of fluid under pressure from said chamber to effect sanding of said rail at the opposite side of said wheel, a valve in said chamber having one position for connecting said pipe to one outlet and for disconnecting the other outlet from said pipe and having another position for reversing such connections, and inertia controlled means responsive to a chosen change said rail, said chamber having two outlets, one

providing for the'flow of fluid under pressure from said chamber to efiect sanding of said rail Iat oneside of said wheel and the other providing for flow of, fluid under pressure from said chamber to effect-sanding of said rail at the opposite side of said wheel, a valve in said chamber havj ing oneposition for connecting saidpipe to one outlet and for. disconnecting the other outlet fromrsaid pipe and having another position for reversingsuch connections, and a mass operative by inertia upon a chosen change in speed of the vehicle when moving in one direction to efiect movement of said valve to a positionffor connecting said pipe to the. outlet through which ffluidunder pressure is adapted to flow fortefiecting sanding of. said rail at the leading side of said wheel and when moving in the opposite direction to shift said valve into its otherposition.

10. A sanding apparatus for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railwayvehicle, comprising, a

device 'havinga chamber open to a pipe through which fluid under pressure is adapted to be supplied to said chamber for efiecting sanding of said rail, said chamber having two outlets, one.

providing for the flow of fluid under pressure from said chamber to eiTect sanding of said rail at one side of said wheel and the other providing for flow of fluid under-pressure from said chamber to eliect sanding of said rail at the opposite side of said wheel, said outlets being at opposite ends of said chamber: in coaxial relation and the adjacent ends of said outlets each being encircled by a valve seat, a valve in said chamber "movable into engagement with one of said seats to close communication between said chamber and one of said outlets and movable into engagement with the otherseat to close communication between said'chamber and the other outlet, and a weight responsive toa chosen change in speed of the vehicle for moving said valve into engagement with one or the other of said seats in accordance with the direction of movement of the vehicle for thereby opening said chamber to the communication for effecting the supply of sand to said rail at the leading side of the wheel for the direction of movement ofthe vehicle and for closing communication between said chamber and the outlet through which fluid is adapted to be supplied to effect sanding of the rail at the opposite side of the wheel.

11. A sanding apparatus for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railway vehicle, comprising, a device having a chamber open to a pipe through which fluid under pressure is adapted to be supplied to said chamber for efiecting sanding of said rail, said chamber having two outlets, one providing for the flow of fluid under pressure from said chamber to eiTect sanding of said rail at one side of said wheel and the other providing for flow of fluid under pressure from said chamside of said wheel, a valve in said chamber having one position for connecting said pipe to one outlet and for disconnecting the other outlet from said pipe and having anotherposition for reversing such connections, a weight pivoted to swing in the direction of the length of the vehicle and movable by inertia in the direction of movement of the'vehicle upon retardation of the vehicle, means connecting said weight to said valve to position said valve upon retardation of the vehicle in accordance with the direction of movement thereof for supplying fluid under pressure from said pipe to the outlet through which fluid under pressure is adapted to be supplied'to eiiect sanding of the rail at the leading side of the wheel, and a spring acting on said weight to prevent movement thereof on rates of retardation less than a chosen degree. r

12. A sanding apparatus for sanding a rail un-, der a railway vehicle wheel, comprising, a selector device having a chamber to which sand is adapted to be supplied and having two outlets from said chamber through which sand is adapted to flow from said chamber to the railat opposite sides of said wheel, a valve in said chamber having one position for closing communica tion with one ofsaid outlets and another position for closing communication with the other outlet, a weight arranged to move in the direction of length of the vehicle and responsive to retardation of the vehicle when thervehicle is moving in one direction to effect movement of said valve to the position for closing the outlet opening to the trailing side of said wheel and when moving in the opposite direction to close the other outlet whereby for either direoticnof vehicle movement the outlet for supplying sand to'the leading side of said wheel is open to said arranged for movement in the direction of length of the, vehicle and connected to said valve, said weight being operative upon retardation of the vehicle when moving in one direction to efiect movement of'saidvalve into engagement with the seat around the outlet which opens to the trailing side of said wheel and when moving in the opposite direction toeiTeot movement of said,

valve into engagement with the other seat, to thereby provide for sanding of said rail at the leading side of said wheel dependent upon the direction of movement of the vehicle.

14. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railway vehicle, comprising, a device operative by fluid under pressure to effect the supply of sand to said rail at one side of said wheel, another device operative by fluid under pressure to efl'ect the supply of sand to said rail at the opposite side of said wheel, selector means for controlling the supply of fluid under pressure to said devices and operative when eifecting the supply of fluid under pressure to one of said devices to out 01f the supply of fluid under pressure to the other device, and a weight for controlling said selector means and movable in the direction of the length of the vehicle, said weight being operative upon a chosen change in vehicle speed upon movement of the vehicle in one direction to condition said selector means to supply fluid under pressure to the said device which is operative to effect sanding of the rail at the leading side of the vehicle wheel and upon movement of the vehicle in the opposite direction to condition said selector means to supply fluid under pressure to the other device.

15. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railway vehicle, comprising,

a sand supply device operative to supply sand 0 for sanding said rail, a selector device operative to direct the sand supplied by said sand supply device to said rail at either one side or the op posite side of said Wheel, and means responsive to retardation of the vehicle when moving in one direction to actuate said selector device for directing the sand supply to the leading side of the wheel and for blocking the supply of sand to the opposite side of the wheel, said means being responsive to retardation of the vehicle when moving in the opposite direction to direct the sand supplied by said sand device to the then leading side of the wheel and to block the supply of sand to the opposite side of said wheel.

16. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railway vehicle, comprising, a sand delivery pipe leading to said rail, a source of sand, a communication through which sand is adapted to be supplied from said source to said pipe, a valve normally closing said communication, a movable abutment connected to said valve and having at one side a chamber open to said pipe, and means for directing a jet of fluid under pressure through said pipe, the connection between said chamber and pipe being so arranged that the pressure in said chamber is reduced upon the flow of fluid under pressure through said pipe for eifecting operation of said piston to unseat said valve for supplying sand to said pipe.

17. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a railway vehicle, comprising, a source of sand from which sand is adapted to be supplied to an outlet for sanding said rail, a valve normally closing communication between said source and outlet, a piston connected at one side to said valve and having at the opposite side a chamber, a spring acting on said piston for urging said valve to its closed position, means fordirecting a jet of fluid under pressure through said outlet, and means connecting said chamber with said outlet in such a manner as to cause a reduction in pressure in said chamber upon flow of fluid under pressure through said outlet to thereby effect operation of said piston to open said valve.

18. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a railway vehicle, comprising, a source of sand, and a sand device having an outlet through which sand from said source is adapted to flow for sanding said rail, said sanding device comprisin a valve normally closing communication between said source and said outlet, a piston secured to said valve and having at one side a chamber a reduction in pressure in which is adapted to actuate said piston for unseating said valve, a spring for seating said valve, means for directing a stream of fluid under pressure through said outlet, said chamber being connected with said outlet in such a manner as to cause a reduction in pressure in said chamber upon flow of fluid under pressure through said outlet to eifect movement of said piston against said spring for unseating said valve to thereby render said stream of fluid under pressure effective to draw sand from said source to said outlet, the connection between said source of sand and said of air from the atmosphere into the stream of sand supplied from said source to said valve.

19. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a railway vehicle, comprising, a source of sand, a sand device having a sand passage open to said source and supplied with sand therefrom, said sand device having an outlet open to a sand delivery pipe through which sand is adapted to flow to effect sanding of said rail, a valve for closing communication between said sand through said outlet to effect operation of said piston to open said valve to thereby render said et of air eifective to draw sand from said sand stricted rate upon unseating of said valve.

RAYMOND E. MILLER.

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