US2251997A - Directional radio system - Google Patents

Directional radio system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2251997A
US2251997A US236453A US23645338A US2251997A US 2251997 A US2251997 A US 2251997A US 236453 A US236453 A US 236453A US 23645338 A US23645338 A US 23645338A US 2251997 A US2251997 A US 2251997A
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Prior art keywords
line
dipole
antenna
dipoles
network
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Expired - Lifetime
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US236453A
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English (en)
Inventor
Goldmann Joachim
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INTERNAT TELEPHONE DEV CO Inc
INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE DEVELOPMENT Co Inc
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INTERNAT TELEPHONE DEV CO Inc
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Publication date
Priority to NL55792D priority Critical patent/NL55792C/xx
Priority to BE435055D priority patent/BE435055A/xx
Application filed by INTERNAT TELEPHONE DEV CO Inc filed Critical INTERNAT TELEPHONE DEV CO Inc
Priority to US236453A priority patent/US2251997A/en
Priority to FR866437D priority patent/FR866437A/fr
Priority to CH215432D priority patent/CH215432A/fr
Priority to DEL99289D priority patent/DE734357C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2251997A publication Critical patent/US2251997A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to directional radio systems and particularly to directional radiating systems suitable for use as course indicating beacons.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide a radio system wherein a transmission network feeds an antenna array comprising two separate antenna means, so as to produce two differently directed radiant action patterns each having a distinctive signal and each corresponding to energization of both the antenna means of the array.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an improved lead-in construction.
  • two symmetric antenna means are combined into a directional array for producing two diiferently directed radiation patterns.
  • one means consists of a single dipole and the other consists of two dipoles. Both antenna means are energized for each of the patterns, but the phase relation between the energization of the two antenna means is differcut for the two radiation patterns.
  • one of the antenna means comprises an even number of dipoles preferably symmetrically disposed about the course line but energized asymmetrically.
  • the other antenna means comprises one or more antenna elements symmetrically disposed with respect to the course line and also symmetrically energized. The combination of these two patterns results in a first pattern of unsymmetric shape with respect to the course line.
  • phase of the physically symmetrical but phasally asymmetric means are reversed with respect to the phase of the truly symmetrical means, a second differently directed radiation pattern results which is the mirror image of the first pattern.
  • These two patterns are used to define a line of equal intensity which is the desired course line.
  • a directional antenna array comprising two separate antenna means preferably conjugate to each other at their input terminals, is
  • similar antenna arrays and networks are conversely used for a directional receiving system giving an action essentially the reverse of the action produced when used as a radiation system.
  • Fig. 1 represents, partially in perspective and partially in schematic diagram, a preferred type of radiation system in accordance with the invention, embodying also a preferred type of antenna array in accordance with the invention;
  • Fig. 1A illustrates a keying arrangement for use in certain embodiments of my invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a polar diagram of the radiation amplitude of the system of Fig. 1;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 represent, partially in perspective and partially in schematic diagram, alternative forms of systems in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 5 schematically represents a receiver for use with any of the transmitting systems of Figs. 1, 3 or 4.
  • a central dipole I is fed over a lead-in line 2 from a sup-- ply system more particularly described hereinafter.
  • Side dipoles 3 and 4 are symmetrically arranged about dipole I along a line perpendicular to the desired course line, the spacing between 3 and 4 being more than A and less than A and being preferably 0.92m where A represents a wavelength.
  • These side dipoles are fed over coaxial line 5 and branch lines 6 and i from another point of the supply system.
  • the coaxial line 2 which feeds dipole l comprises an outer tubular conductor 23 and an inner tubular conductor 25.
  • the coaxial line 5 which feeds the side dipoles 3 and 3 comprises an outer tubular conductor 25 and an inner conductor 50.
  • the tubular conductor 25 serves both as the inner conductor of line 2 and as the outer conductor of line 5, as clearly shown in Fig. 1.
  • line 2 is coupled to dipole l in a novel manner which simultaneously serves to excite the dipole l in a symmetric manner from the line 2, and also to prevent the passage of waves from the lower end of dipole l down over the outer conductor of line 2.
  • the inner conductor 25 of line 2. is conductively connected to the interior quarter wavelengths.
  • line 5 is extended up above the disc 8, and is there connected to branch lines I5 and I, which in turn extend out through the nodal central point of dipole I to the dipoles 3 and 4.
  • matching means Sl are provided to match the combined surge impedances of branch lines 6 and l to the surge impedance of line 5, and matching means It and II are provided to feed the dipoles 3 and 4 in balanced fashion from the coaxial branch lines 6 and I, and if necessary to effect a further impedance match at these points.
  • the coupling means I8 and II are connected in diiferent manners so that the phase of energization of dipole 3 is opposite to the phase of energization of dipole 3 when these dipoles are excited from the common line 5.
  • the coupling means 9 or the coupling means Ii! are connected in diiferent manners so that the phase of energization of dipole 3 is opposite to the phase of energization of dipole 3 when these dipoles are excited from the common line 5.
  • Two further dipoles I and I" are disposed symmetrically about the central dipole I at right angles to the side dipoles 3 and 4, i. e. along the desired course line. These further dipoles are not fed'but act as parasitic reflectors.
  • the length of these parasitic dipoles should be approximately one-half wavelength electrically, these dipoles being tuned so that they distort the pattern of dipole I to an oblate form having its greatest length along the desired course line.
  • These parasitic dipoles I' and I" are preferably 0.6 wavelength apart, being each 0.3 wavelength from the central dipole. These parasitic dipoles may be omitted if desired.
  • dipole I together with parasitic dipoles I and I if these are provided, constitutes what may be called the truly symmetrical antenna means, and this dipole, or these three dipoles, give a truly symmetrical radiation pattern whose form and phase both are alike on the two sides of the course line.
  • the two side dipoles 3 and t constitutes what may be called the inversely symmetrical antenna means, since these antennae are disposed symmetrically but energized in opposite phase to produce a radiation pattern whose shape is symmetric about the course line but corresponding points of which on the two sides of the course line have opposite phase.
  • the curve a representing the pattern of the truly symmetrical means and the curve b that of the inverse means.
  • the pattern b With a spacing of 0.93 between the side dipoles 3 and 4 the pattern b has four lobes as shown. With spacings greater than 1.0a this pattern would have more lobes.
  • both antenna means are energized for producing each of the desired resultant radiation patterns, such as patterns 0 or d of Fig. 2.
  • the excitations of the two antenna means are so phased that at least in the neighborhood of the course line their resulting radiations are substantially cophasal east of the desired course line and in phase opposition west of the desired course line.
  • the phase relationship between the excitation. of the two antenna means is reversed.
  • the "excitation phases of the dipoles 3 and 4 should differ by from the excitation phase of the dipole I if the influence of the parasitic dipoles I and I is neglected. If the parasitic dipoles are so tuned that their reradiating action lags behind the original radiations from dipole I, this central dipole I may be correspondingly excited in a slightly advanced phase so that the total eifective phase of the radiant action pattern it produced by the dipoles I, I and I is 90 from the phases of the dipoles 3 and 4.
  • Various means may be employed for energizing the truly symmetric and the inversely symmetric antennae means in one phase relationship for signals to be radiated in accordance with radiation pattern 0 and in the opposite phase relationship for signals to be radiated with the radiation pattern 11.
  • the signals to be radiated are to be distinguished by simple Morse code keying such as the well known A-N keying extensively used at present, a single source of carrier may be used and simple keying means -may be employed to reverse the relative phases of excitation of the lines 2' and 5' in the rhythm -of theA -N code, as shown in Fig. 1A which may be substituted for network I6 and sources I 4 and I5 in Fig. 1.
  • phase reversing means may conveniently be constituted by a relay contact I$A as shown in Fig. 1A which alternately transfers the waves intended for line 5', over one or the other of two alternate paths 5A and 5B whose lengths differ by 180.
  • One single modulated or unmodulated source MA may then serve for giving both signals, the signals of radiation pattern being distinguished from those of radiation pattern (1 by the rhythm of their keying.
  • the two conjugate antenna means 3-4 and II'I are energized from two separate sources of signals distinguished by different carrier frequencies or preerably by different modulation frequencies as indicated in Fig. 1.
  • Ihese two signal sources I4 and I5 feed the lines 2 and 5 through a network i 6 which serves to transfer the signals from source I4 cophasally to points I? and I8 of the network, but which serves to transfer waves from source IE'anti-phasally to these two points of the network.
  • the theory of network It may best be understood by first considering the somewhat simpler systems of Figs. 3 and 4.
  • Fig. 3 the antenna array itself is schematically represented as an array of dipoles fed by simple open wire lines for the sake of simplicity, but it will be understood that this antenna array may be actually similar to that of Fig. 1.
  • the branch line 6 is physically and electrically of length W.
  • the branch line I is physically of the same length as the branch line 6, but is electrically 180 longer because of the transposition shown, the electrical length of this branch line I thusv being U. As before, U and W differ by 180 and preferably each of these lengths is an odd number of quarter wavelengths.
  • the sources I4 and I5 of Fig. 3 are illustrated as being the output terminals of two separate two-stage modulators, employing plate modulation, and fed by a common radio frequency source to facilitate the problem of maintaining equal amplitudes. The use of a common radio frequency source also results in a fixed phase relationship between the differently modulated outputs of I 4 and I5, but this is not essential for the practice of my invention.
  • the network I6 of Fig. 3 is represented as being a pair of transformers preferably of shielded type connected in the well known hybrid fashion. As shown by the solid and dotted arrowsrespectively, which represent the current directions in the transformers for a positive surge from source I4 and a positive surge from source I5 respectively, the source I I energizes the lines'2 and 5 cophasally, whereas the source i5 energizes these lines in phase opposition.
  • the primary of transformer I9 is symmetrically center tapped sothat the same magnitudes of excitation are given to the different parts of-the antenna array by a given power from source It as-by-the same'power from source I5.
  • the stepdown ratio-of each transformer is such as to match the impedances of the modulators to the impedances of the lines 2 and 5 which are assumed to be matched to their dipoles.
  • the currents or voltages delivered by these generators may be considered as composed of two pairs of current or voltage components, one pair being of the same waveform, amplitude, frequency and phase in both generators, and the other pair of components being of the same waveform, amplitude, and frequency in both generators but being of opposite phase in the two generators.
  • those voltage or current components which are cophasal in these two generators may be designated as signal components Sco while those signal components which are in phase opposition in the two generators may be designated as $012. It will then be noted that with respect to signal Sco all energy is transferred to line 5, whereas the energy of signal components sop is wholly transmitted to line 2.
  • the antenna array i-3-- l is of the type having two separate antenna means.
  • One of these means consists of dipole I, and is truly symmetric; and the other of the means comprises dipoles 3, B, and is inversely symmetric.
  • Lines 6 and I are physically of the sa.. e length, but the coupling means II couples line I to its antenna Li in the opposite sense from the coupling, of line 6 to its antenna 3 by coupling means I0.
  • the electrical length U differs by 180from the corresponding electrical length W just as in the case of Figs. 1 and 3 previously described.
  • Each of the lengths U and W is again preferably an odd number of quarter wavelengths.
  • Coupling means I2 serves to feed the dipole I in balanced fashion from the unbalanced coaxial line 2, and if necessary also serves to match impedances.
  • This coupling means may be generally similar to coupling means Ill and II and may be of any well known type.
  • X is 90 shorter than Y plus W ,so that dipole I is excited 90 earlier than dipole 3, and 90 later than dipole 4,
  • the network may be considered as comprising solely the arms 28 and 29, the arms 28 and 21, and the line 5 connected between the last mentioned arms at junction point IS.
  • the signal components S will therefore be wholly fed into line 5.
  • the length of arms 28 and 29 is immaterial provided it be understood that the components considered as belonging to the signal Sco are those components which arrive cophasally at the points PQ and LM rather than the components which leave the generators I4 and I5 cophasally'.
  • the network may be considered as consisting solely of arms 28 and 29, arms 22 and 23, and line 2 connected to the latter arms at junction point II.
  • the bridge I6 of Fig. 4 satisfies the condition that the signal com ponents S00 arriving cophasally at points PQ and LM are wholly transmitted to line 5 while on the contrary the anti-phasally arriving signal components sop are wholly transmitted to line 2.
  • the network I6 of Fig. 4 will also satisfy the further condition that the output terminals of generators I4 and I5 will be mutually conjugate, which is in some cases advantageous.
  • the division of power between the two antenna means of the complete antenna array will also be equal in this latter case, so that the signals from each generator will be divided equally between the two antenna means. 'Such a division of power is in many cases satisfactory.
  • the network I8 of Fig. 1 is in many respects similar to the network I6 of Fig. 4.
  • the arm 22 which corresponds to the same arm in the network of Fig. 4 is connected to line 28 at point Q; and the arm 26 which corresponds to the same arm in the network of Fig. 4, is likewise connected to line 28 at junction point P.
  • the points P and Q do not coincide but are spaced apart, leaving a small section QP between these two junction points.
  • a further stub section P-R of line 28 extends beyond junction point P and is short circuited at its free end R.
  • the adjustment may be such that the point Q is more remote from the generator than point P.
  • the junction points L and M are separated from each other thus defining an additional line section M-L.
  • the length Q-P should preferably equal the length ML and similarly the length PR should equal the length LN, so that the network will be symmetrical.
  • junctions Q and M may be adjusted so that the stubs QR and MN together with the sections of lines 23 and 29 lying between the generators and points Q and M, will give the desired impedance transformation for the anti-phasal components.
  • the impedance presented to the generators I4 and I5 by the network may ordinarily be made to assume a convenient value; and exact matching between the generators and the network may be accomplished in the output circuit of the generator.
  • further matching means may be inserted beyond junction 11 or beyond junction I8 in the lines 2' and 5' which are individual to the separate antenna means, thus providing completely independent matching adjustments for the cophasal and anti-phasal signals.
  • junction points I! and I8 of the network l6 of Fig. 1 are connected to the lines 2 and 5 by way of lines 2' and 5' as shown.
  • a short-circuited stub 52 of 4% electrical length is provided outside of the line 5' so as to avoid short-circuiting the line 2.
  • the line 2 is connected to the line 2 in direct fashion, suitably through a tapered junction if it is desired to maintain line 2' of the same diameter as line 5'.
  • the simplest embodiments of my invention comprise in the truly symmetric means only a single dipole, or in a single dipole with parasitic reflectors, satisfactory results may also be obtained by the use of a plurality of fed dipoles for the truly symmetric antenna means.
  • a greater number of dipoles than the number shown may be used in either or both of the means provided only that the number of dipoles in the inversely symmetric means should be an even number.
  • a particularly advantageous sharp pattern such as shown in Fig. 2
  • the inversely symmetric means should in itself 7 produce a pattern having at least four lobes and for this purpose should comprise at least one pair of dipoles spaced more than apart, their separation being preferably at least
  • this inversely symmetric means preferably comprises at least two dipoles, which may or may not be the same pair just mentioned, whose separation is less than one wavelength. If the dipoles which are spaced more than are more than 1.0x apart the pattern b will have more than four lobes.
  • a Wheatstone type bridge of resistance or reactance elements may be fed across its conjugate diagonals from sources It and i5, and the power across two adjacent arms of this bridge may be applied to the two antenna families.
  • the bridge arms which feed the antennae may preferably be constituted by the primaries of transformers to the secondaries of which the antennae are connected.
  • the sources M and i5 supply signals of the same N frequency and preferably the same amplitude but modulated with different modulation frequencies, the modulation depth being the same for both signals.
  • the antenna arrays above described are symmetric, not only about the course line but also about a line perpendicular thereto, satisfactory patterns may be produced with arrays which are asymmetric about either or both of these lines. Asymmetry about the line perpendicular to the course line is especially desirable when it is desired to define a course extending predominantly in one direction from the array.
  • sources l4 and i5 may be replaced by separate or partially separate receivers, preferably with means for indicating the relative intensities of signals incoming over lines 23 and 29. Signals from a transmitter on the course line will come in on lines 28 and 29 with equal intensity. Signals from a transmitter not on the course line will come in with different intensities on lines 28 and 29.
  • network 1 6 may be omitted and lines 2 and 5 may be connected to one common receiver through suitable keying means such as described in connection with Fig. 1 for reversing the connections from line 2 (or from line 5) in A-N timing.
  • suitable keying means such as described in connection with Fig. 1 for reversing the connections from line 2 (or from line 5) in A-N timing.
  • the use of a network It as shown in Figs. 1, 3 or 4, is, however, preferred even when the system is employed for receiving since it obviates the need of moving parts.
  • a network such as it of Figs. 1, 3 or 4 may be used with certain other types of antenna arrays than the novel type of array provided by my invention.
  • a dipole and a loop symmetric thereto may be connected to junctions l1 and E3 of a network i6 and separate or partially separate receivers may then be connected to lines 28 and 29.
  • the radiations from my preferred form of beacon comprise two separate radiation patterns such as c and d of Fig. 2, one of these patterns corresponding to signals modulated with one modulation frequency and the other pattern corresponding to signals modulated with the other modulation frequency.
  • Such signals are well adapted for reception by receivers of the tuned reed type for giving a visual indication.
  • a receiving antenna 35 delivers waves to a receiver and detector SI of known type, the output of this receiver and detector being separated by filters 32 and 33 which are tuned to the modulating frequencies respectively as indicated.
  • the outputs of these separating filters are then rectified by rectifiers 34 and 35 as shown and connected in opposed fashion to a sensitive current or voltage indicating instrument 36 which serves as a visual indicator.
  • a shunt may be connected around it, the center point of which is grounded, or the leakage of rectifiers 3d and 35 in a backward direction may be relied upon for completing the circuit of current through the visual indicator.
  • a vacuum tube 31 may be connected up in well known fashion to form an audio frequency oscillation generator as shown, the output of this generator being supplied to an audible indicator 38.
  • a modulating tube 39 whose anode is fed in parallel with the anode of tube 31 through the common impedance 40 is connected as shown to modulate the oscillations of tube 31 by plate modulation in well known manner. Trap circuit 4
  • a code commutator or interruptor contact arrangement 42 is provided.
  • This code commutator may be operated by clock work or in any other well known manner, and serves to connect the grid of modulating tube 39 alternately to one side and then to the other side of visual indicator 33 with a coded timing corresponding to the Morse code for A and N.
  • the grid of modulator 39 is connected to the lower side of indicator 36 during intervals corresponding to the Morse code letter A and is connected to the upper side of indicator 36 during the intervals corresponding to the Morse code letter N, these intervals being intermeshed in well known manner so that at all times the grid of modulator 39 is connected to one or the other side of the indicator.
  • resistors 43 and 44 may be provided to prevent short-circuiting of the visual indicator during the transfer of the make-before-break contact arrangement.
  • the operation of the receiver is as follows: If the signals modulated with one frequency such as 800 cycles are received with the same intensity as the signals modulated with the other frequency, say 1200 cycles per second, the voltages delivered by rectifiers 34 and 35 will be equal and the visual indicator 36 will not be deflected. At the same time the voltages applied to the grid of 39 will remain constant regardless of the movement of commutator 42, and thus the tone produced by generator 31 in the earphones 38 will be of constant intensity, thus simulating the continuous dash signal ordinarily heard on the course line.
  • the receiving arrangement If the receiving arrangement is moved to a position where the 1200 cycle modulated signals predominate over the 800 cycle modulated signals, the output of rectifier 34 will exceed that of rectifier 35, and a current will flow downward through the visual indicator 36 suitably deflecting the latter.
  • the voltag applied to the grid of modulator 33 when the contact arrangement of commutator 42 is in its righthand position will be more positive than the corresponding voltage on the grid when the contact arrangement is in its lefthand position.
  • Modulator 39 will draw more current during the intervals when the contact of the/code commutator is in its right-hand position, i. e. during the intervals corresponding to the N code.
  • the voltage supplied to oscillating generator 31 will thus be greater during the intervals when the code commutator is in its lefthand position, i. e. during the intervals corresponding to the Morse code letter A.
  • the audible tone delivered to the earphones 38 will therefore exhibit periodic increases in loudness in accordance with the timing corresponding to the Morse code letter A.
  • a downward current through the indicator 36 and a loudness increas corresponding to the code A in earphone 38 both represent a predominance of signals modulated with 800 cycles per second.
  • a directional antenna array comprising first antenna means symmetrically disposed with respect to a desired course line, second antenna means comprising an antenna element on each side of said course line, said elements being spaced apart more than of a wavelength at the operating frequency, and two translating means separately coupled in like phase relation to said antenna means and in different phase relation to said antenna elements to produce radiant action in accordance with two overlapping patterns.
  • said second antenna means includes at least two elements on opposite sides of said course line and spaced apart less than one wavelength at said operating frequency.
  • a network for transferring high frequency Wave energy between two wave translating equipments and two pairs of terminals for cooperative interaction comprising two lines each an odd number of quarter wavelengths long and differing in length by an odd multiple of a half wavelength, said lines being connected to respectively couple said two equipments to said first pair of terminals, and two other lines each an odd number of quarter wavelengths long and differing in length by an even multiple of a half wavelength, said last mentioned lines being connected to respectively couple said two equipments to said second pair of terminals.
  • a directional radio system comprising wave translating means for translating two separate sets of signal waves, first antenna means symmetrically disposed with respect to a desired course line, second antenna means comprising two antenna elements symmetrically disposed about said line and spaced more than of a wavelength apart at the operating frequency, transmission means for coupling both said antenna means with said wave translating means in one phase relationship for one of said sets of signal waves and for coupling both of said antenna means with said translating means in a different phase relationship for said second set of signal waves.
  • said wave translating means comprise two separate channels for said separate sets of signal waves
  • said transmission means comprises a network coupled to said two channels and having a first pair of points conjugate to said two channels with respect to wave components passing cophasally and equally over said channels, and a second pair of points conjugate to said two channels with respect to wave components passing antiphasally and equally over said channels, said first antenna means being coupled across said one of said pairs of points and said second antenna means being coupled across the other of said pairs of points.
  • said wave translating means comprise one common channel for both said sets of signal waves
  • said transmission means comprises keying means for coupling both said first and second antenna means with said common channel in one phase relationship during certain time intervals and coupling both said first and second antenna means with said common channel in a different phase relationship during other time intervals.
  • a directional radio system comprising first and second mutually conjugate antenna means, two wave translating equipments, a network coupled to said equipments, a first pair of points of said network being conjugate to said equipments with respect to wave components passing cophasally and equally through said equipments but in energy transfer relation to'said equipments with respect to antiphasal components, and a second pair of points of said network being conjugate to said equipments with respect to wave components passing antiphasally and equally through said equipments but in energy transfer relation to said equipments with respect to cophasal components, connections between one at said pairs of points and said first antenna means, and connections between the other of said pairs of points and said second antenna means.
  • said network coupled to said equipments comprises a first winding having two parts, a second winding, said second winding and one part of said first winding being serially connected across one of said equipments and said second winding, and the other part of said first winding being serially connected across the other of said equipments, and an additional winding coupled to said two parts so as to respond oppositely to currents through said two equipments which traverse said second winding in the same sense.
  • said network coupled to said equipments comprises two lines each an odd number of quarter wavelengths long and differing in length by an odd multiple of a half wavelength, said lines being connected to respectively couple said two equipments to said first pair of points, and two other lines each an odd number of quarter wavelengths long and differing in length by an even multiple of a half wavelength, said last mentioned lines being connected to respectively couple said two equipments to said second pair of points.
  • a beacon for guiding airplanes along a desired path which comprises first antenna means for producing a first pattern of a given frequency shaped with at least four lobes and having oppositely shaped components on the two sides of said path, second antenna means for simultaneously producing a further pattern of said same frequency having like phased components on the two sides of said path, means for deriving one set of signals from said first and second antenna means by coupling said antenna means in one phase relation with respect to one set of signals and deriving energy from said first and second antenna means by coupling said antenna means in a different phase relation with respect to another set of signals, and means for comparing said derived energies.
  • a beacon for guiding airplanes along a desired path which comprises first antenna means for producing a first pattern of a given frequency shaped with at least four lobes and having oppositely shaped components on the two sides of said path, second antenna means for simultaneously producing a further pattern of said same frequency having like phased components on the two sides of said path, and means for energizing said first and second antenna means in one phase relation with one set of signals and energizing said first and second antenna means in a different phase relation with another set of signals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US236453A 1938-10-22 1938-10-22 Directional radio system Expired - Lifetime US2251997A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL55792D NL55792C (en(2012)) 1938-10-22
BE435055D BE435055A (en(2012)) 1938-10-22
US236453A US2251997A (en) 1938-10-22 1938-10-22 Directional radio system
FR866437D FR866437A (fr) 1938-10-22 1939-06-20 Perfectionnements aux radio-dispositifs à ondes dirigées
CH215432D CH215432A (fr) 1938-10-22 1939-07-04 Radio-installation à ondes dirigées.
DEL99289D DE734357C (de) 1938-10-22 1939-10-22 Sendeeinrichtung zur Festlegung einer Leitrichtung

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US236453A US2251997A (en) 1938-10-22 1938-10-22 Directional radio system

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US2251997A true US2251997A (en) 1941-08-12

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US236453A Expired - Lifetime US2251997A (en) 1938-10-22 1938-10-22 Directional radio system

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US (1) US2251997A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE435055A (en(2012))
CH (1) CH215432A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE734357C (en(2012))
FR (1) FR866437A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL55792C (en(2012))

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US2441615A (en) * 1945-01-17 1948-05-18 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2471215A (en) * 1945-09-27 1949-05-24 Pye Ltd Radio antenna
US2472274A (en) * 1946-04-23 1949-06-07 Rca Corp High-frequency coaxial cable switch
US2478781A (en) * 1944-06-02 1949-08-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Circuit maker and breaker
US2479227A (en) * 1945-11-06 1949-08-16 Edgar N Gilbert Dual frequency antenna
US2479272A (en) * 1945-12-10 1949-08-16 Robert M Silliman Antenna
US2480186A (en) * 1945-10-10 1949-08-30 Us Sec War Antenna
US2494198A (en) * 1942-10-02 1950-01-10 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Antenna system
US2496242A (en) * 1944-07-22 1950-01-31 Philco Corp Antenna system
US2527547A (en) * 1941-02-10 1950-10-31 Int Standard Electric Corp Self-contained radio guiding apparatus for mobile craft
US2557941A (en) * 1945-07-07 1951-06-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Directive antenna
US2571368A (en) * 1949-03-11 1951-10-16 Leonard R Kahn Aircraft radio range system
US2615131A (en) * 1946-09-12 1952-10-21 Rca Corp Antenna and matching circuit
US2635176A (en) * 1949-09-01 1953-04-14 Rca Corp Radio-frequency heating system
US2642495A (en) * 1947-08-21 1953-06-16 Ethel M George Coaxial transmission line switch
US2644928A (en) * 1948-06-09 1953-07-07 Rca Corp Directional transmission line transducer
US2660710A (en) * 1951-07-09 1953-11-24 Bendix Aviat Corp High-frequency coupling system
US2716219A (en) * 1951-08-31 1955-08-23 Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc Mixer circuit
US3175219A (en) * 1961-06-20 1965-03-23 Gen Dynamics Corp Circular dipole array with central reflector and switching system for beam steering
US4169266A (en) * 1977-06-23 1979-09-25 Npp "Teshka Radioelektronika" Aerial system for broadcasting having a passive middle antenna flanked by two end-fed antennas

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2527547A (en) * 1941-02-10 1950-10-31 Int Standard Electric Corp Self-contained radio guiding apparatus for mobile craft
US2494198A (en) * 1942-10-02 1950-01-10 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Antenna system
US2478781A (en) * 1944-06-02 1949-08-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Circuit maker and breaker
US2496242A (en) * 1944-07-22 1950-01-31 Philco Corp Antenna system
US2441615A (en) * 1945-01-17 1948-05-18 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2557941A (en) * 1945-07-07 1951-06-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Directive antenna
US2471215A (en) * 1945-09-27 1949-05-24 Pye Ltd Radio antenna
US2480186A (en) * 1945-10-10 1949-08-30 Us Sec War Antenna
US2479227A (en) * 1945-11-06 1949-08-16 Edgar N Gilbert Dual frequency antenna
US2479272A (en) * 1945-12-10 1949-08-16 Robert M Silliman Antenna
US2472274A (en) * 1946-04-23 1949-06-07 Rca Corp High-frequency coaxial cable switch
US2615131A (en) * 1946-09-12 1952-10-21 Rca Corp Antenna and matching circuit
US2642495A (en) * 1947-08-21 1953-06-16 Ethel M George Coaxial transmission line switch
US2644928A (en) * 1948-06-09 1953-07-07 Rca Corp Directional transmission line transducer
US2571368A (en) * 1949-03-11 1951-10-16 Leonard R Kahn Aircraft radio range system
US2635176A (en) * 1949-09-01 1953-04-14 Rca Corp Radio-frequency heating system
US2660710A (en) * 1951-07-09 1953-11-24 Bendix Aviat Corp High-frequency coupling system
US2716219A (en) * 1951-08-31 1955-08-23 Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc Mixer circuit
US3175219A (en) * 1961-06-20 1965-03-23 Gen Dynamics Corp Circular dipole array with central reflector and switching system for beam steering
US4169266A (en) * 1977-06-23 1979-09-25 Npp "Teshka Radioelektronika" Aerial system for broadcasting having a passive middle antenna flanked by two end-fed antennas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR866437A (fr) 1941-08-12
NL55792C (en(2012))
CH215432A (fr) 1941-06-30
DE734357C (de) 1943-04-14
BE435055A (en(2012))

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