US2250980A - Indicator package for cements and the like - Google Patents
Indicator package for cements and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2250980A US2250980A US315026A US31502640A US2250980A US 2250980 A US2250980 A US 2250980A US 315026 A US315026 A US 315026A US 31502640 A US31502640 A US 31502640A US 2250980 A US2250980 A US 2250980A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bag
- indicator
- cement
- paper
- dye
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title description 28
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000980 acid dye Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- CQOZJDNCADWEKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3,3-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1CCC(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)O)C1=CC=CC=C1O CQOZJDNCADWEKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKNQNPYGAQGARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(bromomethyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(CBr)C=C1 MKNQNPYGAQGARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001446467 Mama Species 0.000 description 1
- SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Patent blue Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPVGTPBMTFTMRT-NSKUCRDLSA-L fast yellow Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(N)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 FPVGTPBMTFTMRT-NSKUCRDLSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- -1 naphthyl methane Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CQNXJSVLKPHNRI-OXEZCZPGSA-N sodium 5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-2-[(E)-2-[4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-2-sulfophenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1N=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)/C=C/C3=C(C=C(C=C3)N=NC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)O.[Na+] CQNXJSVLKPHNRI-OXEZCZPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D79/00—Kinds or details of packages, not otherwise provided for
- B65D79/02—Arrangements or devices for indicating incorrect storage or transport
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S252/00—Compositions
- Y10S252/963—Humidity or moisture indicators
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to a novel type of indicator package for materials that are desired to be kept in an unaltered condition, at least in certain respects, and in particular free from exposure to or absorption of moisture, or excessive moisture.
- Our primary object is to provide a container, itself having indicator characteristics, adaptable to show either or both exposure of the package to moisture, or a change in the condition of the contents resulting, for example, from moisture absorption.
- the container may be given its indicator characteristics independently of the contents of the package.
- the invention is applicable to the packaging of various materials subject to changes in condition, and especially where such changes result in variation of the acidity or alkalinity, or pH value (hydrogen ion activity or concentration) of the material.
- an alkaline or acid indicator as the case may require and as determined by whether the material in the container or placed in the presence of the indicator is acid or alkaline, may be selected to give a color transformation in accordance with the change in condition of the material.
- the invention has been developed particularly for the purpose of providing what may be termed an indicator bag or sacktype package for alkaline cementitiousor construction materials, for
- the bag is made in the usual size of standard cement bags and of a sufiiciently strong paper.
- the paper employed is given indicator properties rendering it subject to color change upon being moistened, by incorporating in the paper, as by impregnation, a suitable chemical indicator or dye.
- the bag may be of any desired construction and of any suitable thickness, either single or multiple ply with the indicator paper at the outside, and either with or without the indicator paper contacting or exposed to the contents of the bag.
- the indicator paper may be used in one or more thicknesses contacting the cement, or at least in suflicient proximity thereto as to be subject to color change by the alkaline action of the cement upon moisture absorption.
- the indicator paper as a means of indicating whether the package itself has been exposed to moisture, and for this purpose and to give the package adequate strength, to form the bag of multiple ply paper, the inner plies of which may be of ordinary relatively heavy and strong paper commonly used for making cement bags.
- the outer exposed ply is made of suitable weight paper impregnated or treated with an acid indicator or dye which is subject to color change by reaction with or neutralization by an alkali, and in this instance by the moistened alkaline constituents of the cement.
- any suitable indicator or dye may be used, and that there are many known chemical indicators adaptable for the purpose.
- the indicator may be selected to give any desired color transformation.
- the indicator normally may be colorless, or it may have any suitable initial color.
- effective indicators may be selected from the commonly known aniline acid dyes, including the allzarine and azo dyes, that have not been permanentized in the paper to the extent of destroying their acid activity. That is to say, the dye will be used in sufilciently fugitive condition to retain its acid activity and susceptibility to color change beyond at least the average time that the cement will remain sacked.
- the bag of a paper impregnated with yellow acid aniline dye or one within the yellow-orange range, which will have a red or reddish color transformation when subjected to the alkaline action of the moistened cement.
- yellow or yellowish dyes are sold on the market under the trade names Brilliant Paper Yellow and Golden Rod Yellow.
- the bag will retain its normal color while dry, but upon application of moisture to the bag and to the alkaline material on its surface, the bag will itself undergo a distinct color change, say yellow to red.
- tri phenol methane dye stuff normally green, goes colorless, di phenal naphthyl methane, normally green, turns blue, red mono azo dye stuff, normally red, turns orange or yellowish brown; and bromo cresol dye, normally yellow, turns to reddish purple.
- the accompanying drawing shows a typical embodiment of the invention as applied to multiple ply paper bags for Portland cement, the outer ply typically being shown colored by a yellow indicator dye.
- the container shown in the drawing is a known and conventional form of paper bag for sacking Portland cement.
- the bag comprises a suitable number of inner plies IIJ made of paper selected for such desirable qualities as strength and moisture imperviousness.
- Such bags ordinarily are filled through a self-sealing opening at one corner of the bag, as generally indicated at H.
- the entire outer layer or ply I 2 of the bag is made of an indicator paper of the character previously described, and adapted to show by color transformation, when the surface of the bag has become wetted.
- One particular advantage of having the indicator distributed over or applied to substantially the entire surface area of the bag, as by making the entire outer ply I? of the indicator paper, is that the latter will show a wetted surface condition on any area of the bag, and the extent of the wetting in ac cordance with the area of the color transformation.
- a package for alkaline cementitious material comprising a multiple ply moisture absorbent paper bag, the outer ply containing an acid dye in the presence of an alkaline substance, said dye being adapted to undergo a distinct and permanent color transformation by reaction with said alkaline substance when the outside of the bag becomes wetted.
- a package for alkaline cementitious material comprising a moisture absorbent paper bag containing an acid dye in the presence of an alkaline substance, the color of said dye normally being within the yellow-orange range and adapted to undergo a distinct and permanent reddish color transformation by reaction with said alkaline substance when the outside of the bag becomes wetted.
- a cement bag container of moisture absorbent paper the outer surface material of which is coated with particles of cement and contains an acid dye adapted to undergo a distinct and permanent color transformation by reaction with alkaline constituents of said cement particles when the outside of the bag becomes wetted.
- a cement bag container the outer surface material of which comprises moisture absorbent paper coated with particles of cement and containing an acid dye adapted to undergo a distinct and permanent color transformation by reaction with alkaline constituents of said cement particles when the outer surface of the bag becomes wetted, said acid dye being distributed over substantially the entire surface area of the bag so as to show the location and extent of surface wetting of the bag.
- a cement bag container the outer surface material of which comprises moisture absorbent paper coated with particles of cement and containing a dye normally within the yellow-orange range and adapted to undergo a distinct and permanent reddish color transformation by reaction with alkaline constituents of said cement particles when the outer surface of the bag becomes wetted, said dye being .distributed over substantially the entire surface area of the bag so as to show the location and extent of surface wetting of the bag.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Description
INDICATOR PACKAGE FOR OEMENTS AND THE LIKE Filed Jan. 22, 1940 .Zkr kzaxts Mama/171,4 0M
mp & \SiYPI Patented July 29, 1941 INDICATOR PACKAGE FOB CEDIENTS AND THE LIKE Thomas E. Workman, Los Angeles, and Harold W.
Sayre, 'San Gabriel, Calit., assignors to California Portland Cement Company, Los Angelcs, Calif., a corporation of California Application January 22, 1940, Serial No. 315,026
Claims.
This invention relates generally to a novel type of indicator package for materials that are desired to be kept in an unaltered condition, at least in certain respects, and in particular free from exposure to or absorption of moisture, or excessive moisture.
Our primary object is to provide a container, itself having indicator characteristics, adaptable to show either or both exposure of the package to moisture, or a change in the condition of the contents resulting, for example, from moisture absorption. Where the indicator feature of the container is to be employed, as ordinarily, to show simply that the package has been exposed to moisture, the container may be given its indicator characteristics independently of the contents of the package. Where used as a means for indicating a change in the condition of the contents themselves, the invention is applicable to the packaging of various materials subject to changes in condition, and especially where such changes result in variation of the acidity or alkalinity, or pH value (hydrogen ion activity or concentration) of the material. As will later be apparent, an alkaline or acid indicator, as the case may require and as determined by whether the material in the container or placed in the presence of the indicator is acid or alkaline, may be selected to give a color transformation in accordance with the change in condition of the material.
The invention has been developed particularly for the purpose of providing what may be termed an indicator bag or sacktype package for alkaline cementitiousor construction materials, for
- example Portland cement, and accordingly the invention will be described with particular though typical reference to the packaging of Portland cement.
Because of the possibility of impairment of the cement and its desired properties as a result of exposure to moisture prior to use, it is important if the cement has for any reason been exposed to moisture that the fact be known. This is particularly true with respect to oil well cements which may have rather closely predetermined setting periods and are apt to cause considerable difliculties in well cementing operations if materially aflected by partial preliminary hydration. Accordingly, it is of decided advantage to the operator to be able to have full assurance that the cement at the time of use has not been impaired by reason of exposure to moisture. In accordance with the invention we have provided a cement bag or container having indicator characteristics such that by color transformation, the bag itself will show whether it has been moistened, and if desired can be made to show the presence of excessive moisture in the contained cement.
Preferably the bag is made in the usual size of standard cement bags and of a sufiiciently strong paper. The paper employed is given indicator properties rendering it subject to color change upon being moistened, by incorporating in the paper, as by impregnation, a suitable chemical indicator or dye. In the broad aspects of the invention the bag may be of any desired construction and of any suitable thickness, either single or multiple ply with the indicator paper at the outside, and either with or without the indicator paper contacting or exposed to the contents of the bag. In order for the bag to be color sensitive to changes in the moisture content of the cement in the bag, the indicator paper may be used in one or more thicknesses contacting the cement, or at least in suflicient proximity thereto as to be subject to color change by the alkaline action of the cement upon moisture absorption.
In general, however, we prefer to use the indicator paper as a means of indicating whether the package itself has been exposed to moisture, and for this purpose and to give the package adequate strength, to form the bag of multiple ply paper, the inner plies of which may be of ordinary relatively heavy and strong paper commonly used for making cement bags. The outer exposed ply is made of suitable weight paper impregnated or treated with an acid indicator or dye which is subject to color change by reaction with or neutralization by an alkali, and in this instance by the moistened alkaline constituents of the cement.
Ordinarily in sacking cement, an amount of cement dust settles and remains on the outer surface of the bag. It for any reason such surface cement is not present, (as where the invention is applied to packages of non-alkaline mate. rial, or alkaline materials packaged without being deposited on the outer surface of the container) a small amount of cement or in fact any suitable base such as a metallic hydroxide, may be applied to the surface of the bag in sufficient amount that upon being moistened, the resultant alkalinity will change the color of the indicator dye.
It will be understood that any suitable indicator or dye may be used, and that there are many known chemical indicators adaptable for the purpose. Also the indicator may be selected to give any desired color transformation. Thus the indicator normally may be colorless, or it may have any suitable initial color. In general, effective indicators may be selected from the commonly known aniline acid dyes, including the allzarine and azo dyes, that have not been permanentized in the paper to the extent of destroying their acid activity. That is to say, the dye will be used in sufilciently fugitive condition to retain its acid activity and susceptibility to color change beyond at least the average time that the cement will remain sacked.
For color effect, we may make the bag of a paper impregnated with yellow acid aniline dye or one within the yellow-orange range, which will have a red or reddish color transformation when subjected to the alkaline action of the moistened cement. Typical yellow or yellowish dyes are sold on the market under the trade names Brilliant Paper Yellow and Golden Rod Yellow. The bag will retain its normal color while dry, but upon application of moisture to the bag and to the alkaline material on its surface, the bag will itself undergo a distinct color change, say yellow to red.
As illustrative of other indicator dyes, reference is had to the following: tri phenol methane dye stuff, normally green, goes colorless, di phenal naphthyl methane, normally green, turns blue, red mono azo dye stuff, normally red, turns orange or yellowish brown; and bromo cresol dye, normally yellow, turns to reddish purple.
The accompanying drawing shows a typical embodiment of the invention as applied to multiple ply paper bags for Portland cement, the outer ply typically being shown colored by a yellow indicator dye.
Except for its outer indicator ply, the container shown in the drawing is a known and conventional form of paper bag for sacking Portland cement. The bag comprises a suitable number of inner plies IIJ made of paper selected for such desirable qualities as strength and moisture imperviousness. Such bags ordinarily are filled through a self-sealing opening at one corner of the bag, as generally indicated at H. Preferably the entire outer layer or ply I 2 of the bag is made of an indicator paper of the character previously described, and adapted to show by color transformation, when the surface of the bag has become wetted. One particular advantage of having the indicator distributed over or applied to substantially the entire surface area of the bag, as by making the entire outer ply I? of the indicator paper, is that the latter will show a wetted surface condition on any area of the bag, and the extent of the wetting in ac cordance with the area of the color transformation.
We claim:
1. A package for alkaline cementitious material, comprising a multiple ply moisture absorbent paper bag, the outer ply containing an acid dye in the presence of an alkaline substance, said dye being adapted to undergo a distinct and permanent color transformation by reaction with said alkaline substance when the outside of the bag becomes wetted.
2. A package for alkaline cementitious material, comprising a moisture absorbent paper bag containing an acid dye in the presence of an alkaline substance, the color of said dye normally being within the yellow-orange range and adapted to undergo a distinct and permanent reddish color transformation by reaction with said alkaline substance when the outside of the bag becomes wetted.
3. A cement bag container of moisture absorbent paper, the outer surface material of which is coated with particles of cement and contains an acid dye adapted to undergo a distinct and permanent color transformation by reaction with alkaline constituents of said cement particles when the outside of the bag becomes wetted.
4. A cement bag container, the outer surface material of which comprises moisture absorbent paper coated with particles of cement and containing an acid dye adapted to undergo a distinct and permanent color transformation by reaction with alkaline constituents of said cement particles when the outer surface of the bag becomes wetted, said acid dye being distributed over substantially the entire surface area of the bag so as to show the location and extent of surface wetting of the bag.
5. A cement bag container, the outer surface material of which comprises moisture absorbent paper coated with particles of cement and containing a dye normally within the yellow-orange range and adapted to undergo a distinct and permanent reddish color transformation by reaction with alkaline constituents of said cement particles when the outer surface of the bag becomes wetted, said dye being .distributed over substantially the entire surface area of the bag so as to show the location and extent of surface wetting of the bag.
THOMAS E. WORKMAN.
HAROLD W. SAYRE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US315026A US2250980A (en) | 1940-01-22 | 1940-01-22 | Indicator package for cements and the like |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US315026A US2250980A (en) | 1940-01-22 | 1940-01-22 | Indicator package for cements and the like |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2250980A true US2250980A (en) | 1941-07-29 |
Family
ID=23222546
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US315026A Expired - Lifetime US2250980A (en) | 1940-01-22 | 1940-01-22 | Indicator package for cements and the like |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2250980A (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2425250A (en) * | 1945-01-31 | 1947-08-05 | Weston Electrical Instr Corp | Encased electrical device |
| US2445586A (en) * | 1943-01-14 | 1948-07-20 | George La Monte & Son | Moisture-sensitive paper and the manufacture thereof |
| US2445994A (en) * | 1944-09-06 | 1948-07-27 | Benson Ellen Gay | Toy |
| US2567445A (en) * | 1946-08-21 | 1951-09-11 | Elizabeth W Parker | Method of measuring the ph of aqueous liquids, moist foodstuffs, and the like |
| US2615614A (en) * | 1948-08-25 | 1952-10-28 | St Regis Paper Co | Fungus inhibiting container for peat moss and the like |
| US2771333A (en) * | 1951-10-16 | 1956-11-20 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Container for deliquescent materials |
| US3034873A (en) * | 1958-02-14 | 1962-05-15 | Weir Beverley Ann | Fuel package |
| US3263892A (en) * | 1964-06-11 | 1966-08-02 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Shipping containers with associated indicator means |
| US3288343A (en) * | 1964-07-30 | 1966-11-29 | Owens Illinois Inc | Shipping cartons for frangible articles and method for use |
| US4576795A (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1986-03-18 | Warner-Lambert Company | Disposable sterilizer vacuum test pack |
| US4579715A (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1986-04-01 | Warner-Lambert Company | Disposable sterilizer vacuum test pack |
| US5520041A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1996-05-28 | Beckwell International, Inc. | Humidity-indicating medical sample system and method |
| US5787838A (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 1998-08-04 | Easter Unlimited Incorporated | Egg decorating bag |
| US20020101779A1 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-08-01 | Robert Cruso | Concrete admixture packaging and batch feed system |
| US6640825B2 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2003-11-04 | Andax Environmental Corporation | Leak and spill containment bag for transformer valves |
-
1940
- 1940-01-22 US US315026A patent/US2250980A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2445586A (en) * | 1943-01-14 | 1948-07-20 | George La Monte & Son | Moisture-sensitive paper and the manufacture thereof |
| US2445994A (en) * | 1944-09-06 | 1948-07-27 | Benson Ellen Gay | Toy |
| US2425250A (en) * | 1945-01-31 | 1947-08-05 | Weston Electrical Instr Corp | Encased electrical device |
| US2567445A (en) * | 1946-08-21 | 1951-09-11 | Elizabeth W Parker | Method of measuring the ph of aqueous liquids, moist foodstuffs, and the like |
| US2615614A (en) * | 1948-08-25 | 1952-10-28 | St Regis Paper Co | Fungus inhibiting container for peat moss and the like |
| US2771333A (en) * | 1951-10-16 | 1956-11-20 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Container for deliquescent materials |
| US3034873A (en) * | 1958-02-14 | 1962-05-15 | Weir Beverley Ann | Fuel package |
| US3263892A (en) * | 1964-06-11 | 1966-08-02 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Shipping containers with associated indicator means |
| US3288343A (en) * | 1964-07-30 | 1966-11-29 | Owens Illinois Inc | Shipping cartons for frangible articles and method for use |
| US4576795A (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1986-03-18 | Warner-Lambert Company | Disposable sterilizer vacuum test pack |
| US4579715A (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1986-04-01 | Warner-Lambert Company | Disposable sterilizer vacuum test pack |
| US5520041A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1996-05-28 | Beckwell International, Inc. | Humidity-indicating medical sample system and method |
| US5787838A (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 1998-08-04 | Easter Unlimited Incorporated | Egg decorating bag |
| US20020101779A1 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-08-01 | Robert Cruso | Concrete admixture packaging and batch feed system |
| US6554465B2 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2003-04-29 | Robert Cruso | Concrete admixture packaging and batch feed system |
| US6640825B2 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2003-11-04 | Andax Environmental Corporation | Leak and spill containment bag for transformer valves |
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