US2250170A - Periodic wave generator - Google Patents

Periodic wave generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2250170A
US2250170A US256033A US25603339A US2250170A US 2250170 A US2250170 A US 2250170A US 256033 A US256033 A US 256033A US 25603339 A US25603339 A US 25603339A US 2250170 A US2250170 A US 2250170A
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Prior art keywords
tube
load circuit
current
trace
during
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US256033A
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Harold A Wheeler
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BAE Systems Aerospace Inc
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Hazeltine Corp
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Priority to BE437973D priority Critical patent/BE437973A/xx
Application filed by Hazeltine Corp filed Critical Hazeltine Corp
Priority to US256033A priority patent/US2250170A/en
Priority to GB880/40A priority patent/GB536153A/en
Priority to DEH5911D priority patent/DE896965C/de
Priority to FR863217D priority patent/FR863217A/fr
Priority to ES0147986A priority patent/ES147986A1/es
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
    • H03K4/06—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape
    • H03K4/08—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape
    • H03K4/10—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only
    • H03K4/26—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor
    • H03K4/28—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor using a tube operating as a switching device
    • H03K4/32—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor using a tube operating as a switching device combined with means for generating the driving pulses

Definitions

  • FIGA REPRoDucING g DEvIcE 2
  • This invention l relates to periodic wave generators for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long trace and relatively short retrace intervals.l While the invention is of general utility, it is of particular utility as a scanning-wave generator for a television signal receiver, especially as a line-frequency scanning generator.
  • auxiliary tube coupled with the load inductance with a polarity opposite to that of the main tube of the oscillator to increase the approximation to linearity of the output-current wave during the trace interval.
  • Certain of these arrangements comprise a diode coupled across the output inductance through which the linear saw-tooth current is required. These are called efliciency or damping diodes. depending on their function in the circuit with which they are coupled. The function of a damping diode is to provide damping of undesired transient oscillations during a portion of the cycle.
  • an eiiiciency diode is to increase the amplitude of the saw-tooth current without increasing the power consumption, but this improved eiiiciency is at the expense of linearity. While the resistance of the diode tends to stabilize the generated current wave form, it is incapable of correcting the defect of curvature and, in fact, lactually contributes to the curvature during the trace interval.
  • the generator includes means for controlling' the high-mu tube.
  • the relative controls of the two tubes are so proportioned that the saw-tooth current in v the load circuit has a predetermined variation with time during trace intervals.
  • the low-mu vacuum tube comprises a control ⁇ electrode to which is applied a saw-tooth voltage derived from the load circuit of the generator, preferably from a series-connected resistor and condenser coupled across the load .circuit.
  • the means for causing 'the output current of the screen-grid tube to increase during trace intervals comprises a regenerative feed-back circuit from the output of each trace interval.
  • a pean intermediate-frequency amplifier I4 a detector I5, a video-frequency amplifier I6, and
  • the generator includes means for controlling the first tube to cause its output current "to increase during the trace intervals while a coupling path is provided from the anode to the control electrode of said second tube for maintaining the eifective anode-cathode resistance of 4the second tube less than its actual anode-cathode resistance during the trace intervals.
  • coupling path includes means for applying to the control electrode a saw-tooth voltage of such polarity as to cause the output current of the second tube tol decrease during the trace intervals.
  • a periodic wave repeater for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of sawtooth wave form having relatively long trace and short retrace intervals comprising, two vacuum tubes, each having a cathode, an anode, and a control electrode.
  • a space current supply circuit is provided for the tubes, the supply circuit whereby the other of the tubes is caused to present in series with the first tube an eective anode-cathode resistance less than' its actual anodecathode resistance.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram, partly schematic, of a complete modulated-carrier television signal receiver embodying one form of the invention as the line-frequency scanning generator;
  • Figs. 211,212, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, and Fig. 3 are graphs illustrating certain of the operating .characteristics of the circuit of Fig. 1; while Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate other embodiments of the invention suitable for-use as high-frequency oscillators.
  • Fig. 1 comprises a modulated-carrier television signal receiver of the superheterodyne type including an antenna system I0, II connected to a radio-frequency amplier I2 to which are connected in cascade, in the order named, an oscillator-modulator I3,
  • a line-irequency generator I8 and a field-frequency generator I9 are coupled to the output circuit of the detector I5 through a synchronizing-signal separator and processor 20, the line-frequency generator I8 being coupled to a line-scanning winding 2
  • stages or units Ill-Il, inclusive, I9,A and 20 may all be of conventional well-known construction so that detailed illustration and description thereof are unnecessary herein.
  • television signals intercepted by antenna circuit I0, II are selected and amplified in radio-frequency amplifier I2 and coupled to the oscillator-modulator I3, wherein they are converted into intermediate-frequency signals which, in turn, are selectively amplified in the intermediate-frequency amplifier I4 and delivered to detector I5.
  • the modulation components of the signals are derived by the detector I5 and are supplied to the video-frequency amplifier I6, wherein they are amplified and from which they are supplied in the usual manner to a brightness-control electrode of the image-reproducing device I'I.
  • the modulation components are also supplied to the synchronizing-control circuits of generators I8 and I9.
  • the intensity of the scanning beam of the device I'I is modulated or controlled in accordance with the video-frequency voltages impressed upon its 'brightness-control electrode in the usual manner.
  • Scanning waves are generated in the line-frequency and field-frequency generators I8 and I9, respectively, which are synchronized by the output of synchronizing-signal separator and processor 20 and applied tothe scanning elements of the image-reproducing device to produce electric scanning elds, thereby to deflect the scanning wave in two directions normal to eachother so as to trace a rectilinear pattern'on the screen and thereby to reconstruct the transmitted image.
  • an eiiicient sawtooth current generator I8 for generating a periodic wave having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals, the use of which provides all the advantages which might be obtained by both an eiiiciency diode and a damping diode, and the additional advantage of correction for curvature of the output wave form during the trace interval.
  • an amplifier tube is utilized in place of the eiciency or damping diode.
  • an amplifier tube of very low resistance is chosen.
  • Such low resistance is compatible with an amplifier tube having a small amplification factor or mu, preferably less than unity, or at least between the limits of f3 and 3, which may be obtained with a triode so connected that its control electrode and anode elements -are interchanged with respect to their usual functions. Connected in this way, a triode normally having an amplification factor of 3 and an anode resistance of 2,100 ohms becomes a triode with an amplification factor of 1/3 and a lcircuit of tube 3
  • amplifier tube having a very large amplification factor, preferably or'greater, or between the limits of 10 and 1,000, the high-mu tube preferably being of the screen-grid pentode type or the beam-tetrode type, the two tubes together 'bef having somewhat like a push-pull amplifier or oscillator. ⁇
  • Fig. l' shows such a combination together with an additional tube utilized as a driver for detube 3
  • Tube is coupled to unit 2
  • a wave-shaping-circuit comprising a series-connected resistor 33 and condenser 34 connected across the output circuit of tube 30.
  • Condenser 34 is shunted by a resistor 35 to carry the unidirectional component of the space current of tube 30; that is, to discharge the condenser 34 slowly during the trace intervals, thereby to produce a saw-tooth voltage component.
  • the resultant of this saw-tooth voltage and the negative-pulse voltage drop across resistor 33 is applied to the input electrodes of tube 3
  • is a high-mu tube and preferably includes some means for suppressing secondary emission from its anode, a beam-type tube being assumed for this purpose in Fig. 1.
  • includes a parallel resonant circuit comprising shunt capacitance 38, shown in dotted lines for the reason that it may be comprised in Whole, or in part, of the inherent capacitance of the circuit, and the load in' ductance of scanning coil 2
  • shunt capacitance 38 shown in dotted lines for the reason that it may be comprised in Whole, or in part, of the inherent capacitance of the circuit, and the load in' ductance of scanning coil 2
  • is coupled into the tuned circuit by meansl of anv impedance transformer comprising inductiveiy coupled primary and secondary windings 39, 40, respectively, for converting the small inductance of scanning coil 2
  • is thus that of the transformer primary winding 39 as measured with the scanning coil 2
  • Tube 32 is associated only with the resonant load circuit and is essentially a stabilizing device which is designed to act as a negative resistance device during the trace interval, increasing the amplitude of the current in/the load circuit and compensating, at least partially.
  • the electrode 22 of tube 32 is here used as a control elecof the circuit of Fig. 1.
  • the electrode 22 is subjected to a variable negative voltage which controls a relatively large amount of current in the output circuit of tube 32, which is here the circuit comprising grid 23 and cathode 23. Voltage variations in the output circuit of the tube 32 are, therefore, less than variations of the control voltage applied to its input or control circuit, but the variations of output current are relatively large, while substantially no current is required in its input circuit. .
  • the reversed triode 32 therefore, is still an eiiicient power amplifier, even though it is not a voltage amplifier. t Such an arrangement has been called a voltage-reducing amplifier. Its properties are adapted for use in the circuit of Fig.
  • the relatively large saw-tooth control voltage required in the input circuit of tube'32, as so connected may be obtained from the load circuit of the system by virtue of Vthe high peak voltage which exists across the load circuit during the retrace interval, as will be explained hereinafter.
  • This saw-tooth control voltage is obtained across a condenser 4
  • is coupled to the control electrode 22 of tube 32 through a coupling condenser 43 and a leak resistor 44 to cause the output current of the tube to vary in a sense opposite to the current variation of tube 3
  • and -32 are so proportioned that th'e sawtooth current in the load circuit 40, 2
  • An adjustable resistor 45 ⁇ may, in certain cases, be included in series with inductance 2
  • Fig. 2a illustrates the wave form ofthe desired saw-tooth current in scanning coil inductance 2
  • the saw-tooth wave form of Fig. 2a is linear over the trace intervals and' comprises a half-sine wave during each retrace interval. 'I'he shape of the wave during the retrace interval is immaterial as far as scanning is concerned, the half-sine wave being the normal shape of the free oscillation of the output circuit during the retrace interval.
  • Fig. 2b illustrates the wave form of the voltage at the anode of tube 3
  • the pulses of high amplitude in the full-line curve are ⁇ caused by w the rapid decay of current in the load inductance 2
  • the slight slope during the trace intervals represents the .voltage drop of tle saw-tooth currentv in the resistance of the load circuit. Therefore, if a voltage of this waver form is developed in the anode circuit of tube 3
  • the required energy is supplied to the load circuit only during the trace intervals, one-half cycle of free oscillation taking place in the load circuit during each retrace interval.
  • Fig. 2c is illustrated thewave form of the lanode current required to be developed by tube
  • at this instant is carrying maximum current which is thereby diverted to ow through capacitance 38 because that is the only remaining current path, the high-mu tube 3
  • is accompanied by an ⁇ increase in the charge on capacitance 38 until the current in inductance 2
  • the condenser then dischargesy through the inductance 2
  • the cathode potential of low-mu tube 32 also falls and it becomes suddenly conductive to carry the reverse current of load inductance 2
  • the output current of tube 32 immediately assumes its maximum value at the end of the retrace interval and at the same time the pulse from the tube 30, which loperated the high-mu tube 3
  • the current then gradually rises in tube 3
  • the resistor 33 and condenser 34 are so proportioned that the saw-tooth voltage component derived by tube 30 from the synchronizing-signal pulses applied thereto, during the trace interval, is of such value that tube 3
  • Normal operation of tube 3
  • is supplied with a grid-bias voltage, as represented by the dotted linelEc of Fig. 2e.
  • may be omitted if the small grid current through grid leak 31 is sufcient to furnish the necessary grid bias.
  • the output current of tube 32 depends. both on the voltage of -the load circuit of the system, represented by the full-line curve of Fig. 2b, and on the control voltage applied to the control electrode 22 of the tube.
  • Fig. 2J illustrates the -various voltage wave forms associated with tube 32.
  • Curve m which is the same as the curve of Fig. 2b, represents the voltage of the cathode 29 of tube 32 with respect to ground.
  • the circuit of output electrode 23 of the tube includes a source of negative-bias voltage which, together with the anode source of tube 3
  • Line n represents the bias voltage of the control electrode 22 of tube 32, while curve o represents its alternating voltage.
  • the closed curve r represents the currentvoltage locus of load inductance 2
  • This locus is obtained by plotting the current of Fig. 2a against the voltage of Fig. 2b. During a trace interval the voltage varies so slowly that the current through capacitance 38 is negligible. During a retrace interval fthe-tubes 3
  • curve r intersects the zero-bias 1 curve of triode 32 where the output current of tube 32 vreaches its maximum value.
  • the output current of tube, 32 then decays during the succeeding trace interval at the same time that the output current of tube 3
  • are represented by dotted lines s and t, respectively.
  • the total current of the load circuit during the trace interval is the difference between the values of curves s and t and is represented by full line u.
  • the generator I8 of Fig. 1 Iis essentially an amplifier which is driven by the positive synchronizing pulses applied from unit 23. Due to the feed-back voltage applied to tube 3 2, the tube behaves as a negative resistance during the trace interval. This "characteristic is illustrated by the reverse slope of curve s relative to the characteristic curves of tube 32 which appear in the lower part of Fig. 3. This negative resistance characteristic is obtained by simultaneous variation ofthe control-electrode and output-electrode voltages in opposite senses relative to the cathode of the tube.
  • Low-mu vacuum tube 32 essentially has an internal resistance between its output electrodes which is substantially less than the impedance of the load circuit of the system at the frequency of the saw-tooth wave.
  • the time constant of the circuit comprising the inductance of the load circuit and the internal resistance between the output electrodes of tube 32 duringthe trace intervals is of the same order of magnitude as, or greater than, the
  • such time constant is approximately equal to. or greater than, the period of the trace intervals of the system; or in another embodiment, within the limits of 1;/3 and 3 times the trace period.
  • Fig. 4 there is illustrated a modification of the circuit of Fig. 1 comprising a feed-back circuit so that the generator is essentially an oscillator which can be synchronized with a relatively weak pulse of short duration at the beginning of the retrace period.
  • This is the conventional method of ysynchronizing and it will be understood that in this embodiment the usual line-frequency pulses are derived from unit 20.
  • Similar circuit elements have identical reference numerals in the two iigures.
  • Capacitance 53 represents the inherent capacitance of the input circuit of tube 3
  • the input circuit of tube 30 may be provided with a grid leak 54.
  • each of the subscripts indicates the particular circuit element of Fig- 4 with which each capacitance C is associated
  • E1 and Ez are the pulse voltages on the anodes of tubes 30 and 3
  • Fig. 4 The operation of Fig. 4 is essentially identical to that of Fig. 1.
  • the free oscillation period of the oscillator in the absence of synchronizing pulses is made slightly longer than the period of the synchronizing pulses.
  • the effect of each positive synchronizing pulse is then to start a cur- ⁇ rent pulse in tube 30, thereby to interrupt the trace interval just before it would naturally be concluded and initiate the retrace interval.
  • Grid leak 54 of tube 30 of Fig. 4 may be proportioned to make the tube increasingly susceptible to a synchronizing pulse toward the end of the trace interval. This is advantageous because it requires less coupling from the synchronizing circuit and thereby decreases the sensitivity-to-noise interference which might interrupt the normal operation of the system.
  • the feed-back circuit normal- 1y impresses on the input electrode of tube 30' a strong short positive pulse during the retrace interval and a weak long negative pulse during Resistor 54 may thus be proportioned to discharge part of the weak negative pulse during the trace interval so that the grid ybias of tube 30 is gradually reduced during the trace interval and a synchronizing pulse of only a small amplitude is necessary at the end of the trace to actuate tube 30.
  • FIG. 5 Another modification of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 5. Circuit elements which are similar to those of previous figures have identical reference numerals.
  • Fig. 5 comprises an autotransformer 39', 40' and a feed-back transformer replaces the function of tube 30 of Fig. 4.
  • a bias voltage is provided for tube 3
  • the bias voltage for the control electrode 22 of tube 32 in the embodiment of Fig. 5 is provided by resistors 63 and 64 coupled in series between anode 23 and ground.
  • the anode 23 receives a steady bias across a resistor 62, bypassed by a condenser 65, this resistor preferably being adjustable.
  • Tube 32 comprises a filament 29 heated by a separate winding on a power sup-A ply transformer, this coil being designed to have minimum capacitance to other parts of the trans- ⁇ denser 14 complete a neutralizing circuit.
  • Capacitance 15 representsthe inherent grid-cathode capacitance of tube 3
  • Resistor 12 also serves as a grid leak for tube 3
  • circuit constants are given as i1- ⁇ lustrative of values of circuit elements which may be utilized in the circuit of Fig. 5:
  • Capacitance 43 0.001 tf. Capacitance 61 1 pf. Capacitance .65 1 af.
  • This feed-back and neutralizing circuit includes windings 66 and 61 Capacitance 'I5 (partly in transformer) 60mm Source of operating voltage for tubes 31 and 32 .300 volts Winding 39'.. 420 turns Winding 40' '10 turns Winding 66 210 turns Winding 6'7 '10 turns Inductance 21 2 mh. Line frequency 13,230 cycles Retrace factor retrace time 0.12
  • source of synchronizing signals 20 condensers 68 and 69, winding 61, and resistor 10 all being connected in series in the input circuit -of tube 3
  • Winding 66, resistor 13, and condenser 68 are provided to generate a saw-tooth feed-back voltage across condenser 68, in the input circuit of tube 3
  • and 12 and conline period Pulses from source 20 having magnitude of 5 to l0 volts negative.
  • a periodic wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a highmu vacuum tube having output electrodes eftecrelative controls of said two tubes being so proportioned that said saw-tooth current in said load circuit has a predetermined variation with time during said trace intervals.
  • a periodic Wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a highmu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled 4across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled acrosssaid load circuit with opposite polarity, means for controlling said high-mu tube to cause its output current to increase during said trace intervals, and means for controlling said low-mu tube to cause its output current to decrease during said trace intervals, the relative controls of said two tubes being so proportioned that said saw-tooth current in said load circuit has a predetermined variation with time during said trace intervals.
  • a periodic wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a highmu vacuum tube having output electrodes eiectively coupled across said load circuitwith a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes eiectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity, the mu of said high-mu vacuum tube being greater than and that of said low-mu tube being less than 3, means for controlling said high-mu tube to cause its output current to increase during said trace intervals, and means for controlling said low-mu trodes eectively coupled across said load circuit withopposite polarity, the mu or said high-mu vacuum tube being between the limits of l0 andv 1000 and that of said low-mu tube being between the limits of V3 and 3, means for controlling said high-mu tube to cause its output current to increase during said trace intervals, and means for controlling said low-
  • a periodic wave generator-for supplying to en inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance,v a. high-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupledacross said load circuit with opposite polarity, means for controlling said high-mu tubeto cause its output current to increase during said trace intervals, and means for controlling said low-mu tube to cause its output current to decrease during said trace intervals, said two control means being relatively proportioned to regulate the output voltage across said low-mu tube during said trace intervals so that the rate of change of said saw-tooth current in said load circuitis maintained substantially'uniform during said trace intervals.
  • a periodic wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit of a given impedance at the wave frequency a current of saw-tooth Wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity, said low-mu vacuum tube tube to cause its output current to decrease during said trace intervals, the relative controls of said two tubes being so proportionedthat said saw-tooth current in said load circuit has a predetermined variation with time during said trace s intervals.
  • a periodic wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals, comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity, the time constant of the circuit comprising the inductance of said ⁇ load circuit and the interval resistance of said low-'mu vacuum tube during said trace intervals ,having at least as great an order of magnitude as the period of said trace intervals.
  • said two control means being relatively proportioned to regulate the output voltage across said low-mu tube during said trace intervals so that the rate of change of said sawtooth current in said load circuit is maintained substantially uniform during said trace intervals.
  • a periodic wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes eiectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes electivel'y coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity, the time constant of the circuit comprising the inductance of said load circuit and the internal resistance of said lowmu vacuum tube during said trace intervals being greater than 1/3 and less than 3 times the period of said trace intervals, means for controlling said ⁇ highmu tube to cause its output current to increase during said trace intervals, and means for controlling said low-mu tube to cause its output current to decrease during said trace intervals,
  • ⁇ said two control means being proportioned tov to an inductive load circuit a current of sawtooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a
  • a periodic wavef generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retraceiintervals comprising, a load circuit constituting'primarily inductance.
  • a'first vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity
  • a second'vacuum tube having anode and cathode output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarityl and having a control electrode
  • means for controlling said first tube to cause its output current to increase during lsaid trace intervals
  • a coupling path from said anode to said control electrode for maintaining the eiective anode-cathode .resistance of said second tube less than its actual anode-cathode resistance during said trace intervals
  • vand means included in said coupling path for applying to said control electrode a sawtooth voltage of such polarity as to cause the output current of said second tube to decrease ⁇ tervals and of such magnitude that the rate of change of said saw-tooth current in said load circuit is heldv substantially uniform during said trace intervals.
  • a periodic wave generator for .supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of sawtooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a first vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a second vacuum tube having anode and cathode output electrodes eiectively coupled across said load circuit ,with opposite polarity and having a control electrode, means for controlling said iirst tube to cause its output current to increase during said trace intervals, a coupling path from said anode to YV'said control electrode for maintaining the effective anodecathode resistance of said second tube less than its actual anode-cathode resistance during said trace intervals, and means included in said coupling path for applying between said anode and saidv control electrode a saw-tooth voltage of such y polarity as to cause the output current of said second tube to decrease during said trace intervals and of such magnitude that the rate of
  • a Alow--mu vacuum tube having output electrodes eilectively coupled across said load circuit with oppositepolarity and/having a control electrode, means for controlling said high# mu tube to cause its output current to increase during said trace intervals, and means for applying to said control electrode a saw-tooth voltage of .
  • a periodic wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes eiectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said Vload circuit with opposite polarity, means for applying to said input electrodes a saw-tooth voltage of such polarity as to cause the output current of said high-mu tube to increase during said trace intervals, and means .for controlling said low-mu tube to cause-its output' current to decrease during said trace inter' vals, said two control means being relatively pro.- portloned to regulate the output voltage across said low-mu tube during'sald trace intervals so that the rate of change of said saw-tooth current in said load circuit is maintained substantially uniform during said trace intervals.
  • a periodic wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarlty, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes eii'ectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity and having a control electrode, means for controlling said high-mu tube to cause its output current to increase during said trace intervals, and means for applying'to said control electrode a saw-tooth voltage derived from said load circuit of such polarity as to cause the output current or said low-.mu tube to decrease during said trace intervals and of such magnitude that the rate of change of said sawtooth current in said load circuit is maintained substantially uniform duringv said trace intervals.
  • a periodic wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a rst vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a second vacuum tube having anode and cathode output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with oppositepolarity and having a control electrode, means for controlling said first tube to cause its output current to increase durv ing said trace intervals, a coupling path from said anode to said control electrode for maintaining the anode-cathode resistance of said second tube less than its actual anode-cathode resist'- ance during said trace intervals, and means included in said coupling path for deriving a sawtooth voltage from said load circuit and for apcomprising a resistor effectively coupled between said cathode and said control electrode and a condenser effectively connected insaid coupling path between said anode and
  • a periodic wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit With opposite polarity, capacitance effectively coupled across said load circuit, means for controlling said high-mu tube to cutoi the output current of said high-mu 4tube during said y retrace intervals and to cause its output curplying said saw-tooth voltage between said anode and said control electrode with such polarity as to cause the output current of said second tube to decrease during said trace intervals and with such magnitude that the rate of change of said saw-tooth current in said load circuit is held substantially uniform during said trace intervals.
  • a periodic Wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes eiectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity and having a control electrode, means for controlling said high-mu tube to cause its output current to increase during said trace intervals, and a series-connected resistor and condenser coupled to said load circuit, the saw-tooth voltage across said condenser being coupled to said control electrode with such polarity as to cause the output current of said lowmu tube to decrease during said trace intervals and with such magnitude that the rate of change of said saw-tooth current in said load circuit is held substantially uniform during said trace intervals.
  • a periodic wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linearl trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a rst vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across -said load circuit with a given polarity, a second vacuum tube having anode and cathode output electrodes eiectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity and having a control electrode, means for controlling said first tube to cause its output' current to increase during said trace intervals, a coupling path from said anode to said control electrode, and means rent to increase during said trace intervals, and means for controlling said low-mu tube to cause its output current to decrease during said trace intervals, said two last-mentioned means being relatively proportioned to regulate the output voltage across said low-mu tube during saidI trace intervals so that the rate of change of said sawtooth current in said load circuit is held substantiallyy uniform during said trace intervals.
  • a periodic wave generator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a highmu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes eiectively coupled across said load circuit.
  • a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupledacross said load circuit with ⁇ opposite polarity, capacitance coupled across said load circuit, control means for applying to said input electrodes a saw-tooth voltage of suchA polarity as to cause the output current' of said high-mu tube to increase during said trace intervals and a pulse voltage of such polarity as to out off said output current during said retrace intervals, and means for controlling said low-mu tube to cause its output current to decrease during said trace intervals, said two control means being relatively proportioned to regulate the out- ⁇ put voltage across said low-mu tube during said trace intervals so that the rate of change of said saw-tooth current in said load circuit is held substantially uniform during said trace intervals.
  • An oscillator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes coupled effectively across said load circuit withopposite polarity, means for controlling said high-mu tube comprising a feed-back circuit from said output electrodes to said input electrodes thereof for causing the output current of said high-mu tube to increase during said trace intervals, and means for controlling said low-mu tube to cause its output current to decrease during said trace intervals, said two control means being relatively proportioned to regulate the output voltage across said low-mu tube during said trace intervals so that the rate of change of said saw-tooth current in said load circuit is held substantially uniform during said trace intervals.
  • An oscillator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity, means for coupling a saw-tooth feed-back voltage from the output electrodes to the input electrodes of said high-mu tube for causing the output current thereof to increase during said trace intervals, and means for coupling a saw-tooth feed-back voltage from the output electrodes to the input electrodes of said low-mu tube for causing the output current thereof to decrease during said trace intervals.
  • trace intervals comprising, a load circuit 'constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity, a capacitance coupled across said load circuit, means for coupling a saw-tooth plus pulse feed-back voltage from said output electrodes to said input electrodes of said high-mu tube for causing the output current thereof to increase during said trace intervals and to be eut off during said retrace intervals, and means for coupling a sawtooth feed-back voltage from said output to said input electrodes of said low-mu tube for causing the output current thereof to decrease during said trace intervals.
  • An oscillator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a. current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constitutingprimarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity, means for coupling a sawtooth feed-back voltage from said input to said output electrodes of said high-mu tube for causing the output current thereof to increase during said trace intervals, and means for controlling said load circuit is held substantially uniformduring said trace intervals.
  • An oscillator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load vcircuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity, capacitance coupled across said load circuit, means for coupling a saw-tooth plus pulse feed-back voltage from said output to said input electrodes of said high-mu tube for causing the voutput current thereof to increase during said trace intervals vand to be cut oil during said retrace intervals,
  • said two last-mentioned means being relatively proportioned to regulate the output voltage across said low-mu tube during said trace intervals so that the rate of change of said saw-tooth current in said load circuit is held substantially uniform during said trace intervals.
  • An oscillator for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity, means comprising a capacitance and resistance coupled across said output 'electrodes of said high-mu tube for deriving a saw-tooth voltage, means for coupling said saw-tooth voltage to said input electrodes for causing the output current of said high-mu tube to increase during said trace intervals, and means for controlling said low-mu tube to cause its output current'tor decrease during said trace intervals, said two lastmentioned means being relatively proportioned to regulate the output voltage across said low-mu tube during said trace intervals so that the rate 0f change of said saw-tooth current in
  • An oscillator for ⁇ supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave forin having relatively -long linear trace and short retrace intervals comprising, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance, a high-mu screengrid vacuum tube having input electrodes and having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with a given polarity, a low-mu triode vacuum tube having output electrodes effectively coupled across said load circuit with opposite polarity, and an inductive feedback means coupled from said load circuitgto said input electrodes for causing the output current of said high-mu tube to increase during said trace intervals, and means for controlling said low-mu tube to cause its output current to decrease during said trace intervals, said two last-mentioned means being relatively proportioned to regulate the output voltage across said low-mu tube during said trace intervals so that the rate of change of said saw-tooth current in said load circuit is held substantially uniform during said trace intervals.
  • a periodic wave repeater for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long trace and short retrace intervals comprising, two vacuum tubes each having a cathode, an anode, and a control electrode, a space current supply-circuit for said tubes, said supply circuit and the anode-cathode circuits of said tubes being all connected in series in a closed direct current path, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance coupled eiectively in parallel with each of said tubes, a control-voltage circuit coupled to the control electrode of one of said tubes, and means for coupling to the control electrode-cathode circuit of the other of said tubes its anode-cathode voltage uctuations with the same polarity, whereby said other of said tubes is caused to present in series with said rst tube an effective anodecathode resistance less than its actual anodecathode resistance.
  • a periodic wave repeater for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long trace and short retrace intervals comprising, two vacuum tubes each having a cathode, an anode, and a control electrode, a space current supply circuit for said tubes, said supply circuit and the anode-cathode circuits of said tubes being all connected in series in a closed direct current path, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance coupled effectively in parallel with each of said tubes, a control-voltage circuit coupled only to the control electrode of one of said tubes, a coupling path from the anode to the control electrode of the other of said tubes for coupling the anode-cathode voltage iluctuations thereof to the controlelectrode cathode circuit thereof with the same polarity so that said other tube is caused to present in series with said one tube an effective resistance less than its actual anode-cathode resistance.
  • a periodic wave repeater for supplying to an inductive load circuit a current of saw-tooth wave form having relatively long trace and short retrace intervals comprising, two vacuum tubes each having a cathode, an anode, and a control electrode, a space current supply circuit for said tubes, said supply circuit and the anode-cathode circuits of said tubes being all connected in series in a closed direct current path, a load circuit constituting primarily inductance coupled effectively in parallel with each of said tubes, a control-voltage circuit coupled only to the control electrode of one'of said tubes, and means including a coupling path from the anode to the control electrode of said other of said tubes for coupling to the control electrode-cathode circuit of said other of said tubes voltage uctuations of said load circuit with the same polarity as they appear across said load circuit, whereby said other of said tubes is caused to present in series with said first tube an eiective anode-cathode resistance less than its actual anode-cath
  • a periodic wave repeater comprising, two vacuum tubes each having a cathode, an anode, and a control electrode, a space current supply circuit for said tubes, said supply circuit and the anode-cathode circuits of said tubes being connected all in series in a closed direct current path, a load circuit coupled eiectively in parallel with each of said tubes, a source of control voltage coupled to the control electrode of one of said tubes, and means for coupling to the control electrode-cathode circuit of the other of said tubes its anode-cathode voltage fluctuations with the same polarity, whereby said second tube is caused to present in series with said rst tube an effective resistance less than its actual anodecathode resistance.

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  • Video Image Reproduction Devices For Color Tv Systems (AREA)
  • Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US256033A 1939-02-13 1939-02-13 Periodic wave generator Expired - Lifetime US2250170A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE437973D BE437973A (d) 1939-02-13
US256033A US2250170A (en) 1939-02-13 1939-02-13 Periodic wave generator
GB880/40A GB536153A (en) 1939-02-13 1940-01-15 Improvements in periodic wave generators particularly applicable for use in television
DEH5911D DE896965C (de) 1939-02-13 1940-02-02 Schaltung zur Erzeugung eines saegezahnfoermigen Stromes
FR863217D FR863217A (fr) 1939-02-13 1940-02-03 Générateur d'ondes périodiques
ES0147986A ES147986A1 (d) 1939-02-13 1940-02-13

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US256033A US2250170A (en) 1939-02-13 1939-02-13 Periodic wave generator

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US2250170A true US2250170A (en) 1941-07-22

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US256033A Expired - Lifetime US2250170A (en) 1939-02-13 1939-02-13 Periodic wave generator

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US (1) US2250170A (d)
BE (1) BE437973A (d)
DE (1) DE896965C (d)
ES (1) ES147986A1 (d)
FR (1) FR863217A (d)
GB (1) GB536153A (d)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2440278A (en) * 1943-05-15 1948-04-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Pulse selecting and eliminating system
US2654838A (en) * 1947-09-06 1953-10-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Impulse circuit

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2440278A (en) * 1943-05-15 1948-04-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Pulse selecting and eliminating system
US2654838A (en) * 1947-09-06 1953-10-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Impulse circuit

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Publication number Publication date
DE896965C (de) 1953-11-16
GB536153A (en) 1941-05-05
ES147986A1 (d) 1941-10-01
FR863217A (fr) 1941-03-27
BE437973A (d)

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