US2249494A - High frequency apparatus - Google Patents

High frequency apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2249494A
US2249494A US310510A US31051039A US2249494A US 2249494 A US2249494 A US 2249494A US 310510 A US310510 A US 310510A US 31051039 A US31051039 A US 31051039A US 2249494 A US2249494 A US 2249494A
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United States
Prior art keywords
deflection
reversals
magnetic
variation
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US310510A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ramo Simon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE441294D priority Critical patent/BE441294A/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US310510A priority patent/US2249494A/en
Priority to GB18048/40A priority patent/GB577280A/en
Priority to FR868324D priority patent/FR868324A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2249494A publication Critical patent/US2249494A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/78—Tubes with electron stream modulated by deflection in a resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B9/00—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
    • H03B9/01—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes

Definitions

  • the invention described herein comprises an improved form of electronic apparatus for use at ultra-high frequencies. While not limited thereto, the invention is especially useful as a frequency multiplier.
  • the invention utilizes the combination of means for producing a beam of electrons and a static magnetic field for causing a serpentine deflection of the beam as it progresses through the field.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a discharge device suitably embodying the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a separate perspective view of the magnetic structure employed in the device of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic exploded view showing the relationship between the various electrode elements of the device of Fig. 1
  • Figs. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic representations useful in explaining the invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an evacuated envelope l consisting of glass or other suitable material.
  • the electron beam leaves the electrode l3, it is caused to traverse a substantially field-free space defined by the combination of a hollow conductive structure I of rectangular cross-section (see Fig. 3) and by a transversely extending plate IS.
  • the beam is enabled to enter the space referred to by the provision of an appropriate opening II in the plate It.
  • the end of the hollow structure l5 remote from the plate It is assumed to be fully open so as to permit egress of the beam at a variety of different points.
  • the electron beam as it traverses the hollow structure I5, is subjected to a static magnetic fleld of such character as to cause a serpentine deflection of the beam.
  • a static magnetic fleld of such character as to cause a serpentine deflection of the beam.
  • Dissymmetry of the desired character can be realized, for example, by positioning the entrance opening l! at a point toffset from the central vertical plane of the strucure.
  • the electron beam is immediately deflected by electromagnetic action as it enters the region 26 which exists between the south pole of the magnet l9 and the north pole of the magnet 20.
  • the subsequent performance of the beam is as indicated in Fig. 4 which is a view looking down at the upper face of the magnetic structure 20.
  • the serpentine line A which may be taken to represent the course of the electron beam for a first selected condition of operation of the apparatus, it will be noted that the first lateral deflection of the beam is followed by an opposite deflection as the deflected beam enters the region 21 between the north pole of the magnet l9 and the south pole of the magnet 20. This reversal of deflection is repeated many times as the beam successively enters the two parallel regions of magnetic infiuence. 4
  • my invention contemplates the provision of an output system arranged to be excited by the beam after its issuance from the magnet structure.
  • a system may comprise, for example, a pair of electron-collecting electrodes 29 and 30 connected in push-pull relation factor, it will be readily understood that excita tion of the circuit 32, 33 may be accomplished if some means is provided for causing the beam to oscillate from one electrode to the other at a frequency which approximates the resonant frequency of the circuit.
  • the accelerating electrode l3 which is normally maintained positive with respect to the cathode l2 by means of a battery 35' or other biasing means, may be caused to vary 'in potential in an appropriate manner to produce a change in the scalar magnitude of the beam velocity.
  • potential variations may be accomplished, for instance, by connecting a variable voltage source to the electrode 13 as indicated at 31.
  • V1 applied to the accelerating electrode l3 and the voltage, V0, developed across the output circuit 32,.33, will be as indicated by the curve C of Fig. 5.
  • this curve represents the idealized case and ignores distortion factors which are inevitably present in a system such as that described.
  • Another use, and one which I consider to constitute the preferred embodiment of my inven-- tion consists in the accomplishment of frequency multiplication efiects.
  • the limits of the cycle of beam velocity variation are made sufliciently broad the total change in the number of beam reversals for a single cycle of such variation can be made very much greater than one.
  • the beam may be :caused to shift from the electrode 23 to the electrode 3! many times for each complete cycle of the voltage applied to the input electrode l3, and frequency multiplication effects will be obtained.
  • the ratio of average beam velocity to the strength of the magnetic .fleld be low so that a complete reversal of the beam deflection may occur within a relatively short distance measured along the normal axis of the beam.
  • the magnetic structure should extend for a substantial distance along the beam path.
  • the presence of the relatively large masses of metal required by the magnetic structures may make it desirable to connect the tube II] to a continuously operated vacuum pump in order to avoid deterioration of the vacuum within the device by gases occluded by the metal parts.
  • the plate I6 is provided with an elongated slot 43 through which the beam may pass.
  • the direction of the beam entering the magnetic field is caused to vary by the action of the plates 40 and 4 l, a corresponding change will occur in the number of deflection reversals which are produced as the beam progresses through the magnetic structure. Consequently, if 'an appropriate ratio of magnetic field strength to average beam velocity is maintained, the variation in number of deflection reversals can be made greater than one so that a multiple shifting of the beam from electrode 29 to electrode 30' and back will occur for each cycle of variation of the input voltage provided by the source 42. By this means frequency multiplication or other useful effects can be obtained in accordance with the principles previously described.
  • velocity is a vectorial quantity having both a scalar component of mag- I nitude (commonly designatedfspeed) and a comvariation produces a in speed, or a simultaneous variation of both speed and direction.
  • High frequency apparatus including means for generating a beam of electrons, means for producing in adjacent regions bounding the beam path static electron-deflecting fields of opposite deflecting efiect, whereby the beam is caused to follow a. serpentine course as it is affected first by one field and then by the other, an output circuit to be excited by the beam after multiple deflection thereof by the said fields, the circuit being of such character that the effect of the beam thereon is variable with the number of deflection reversals, and means acting on the beam prior to its traversal of the said fields to vary its susceptibility to deflection by the fields and thereby correspondingly to vary the excitation of the output circuit.
  • High frequency apparatus including means for generating a beam of electrons, means for producing on opposite sides of the beam path oppositely directed static magnetic fields transverse to the beam whereby the beam is caused to follow a serpentine course as it is affected first by one field and then by the other, an output circuit to be excited by the beam after multiple deflection thereof by the said fields, the nature of such excitation being variable with the number of deflection reversals, and means acting on the beam prior to its traversal of the said fields to change its susceptibility to deflection and thereby correspondingly to vary the excitation of the output circuit.
  • a frequency multiplier including means for generating a beam of electrons, means for producing on opposite sides of the beam path oppositely directed static magnetic fields transverse to the beam whereby the beam is caused to follow a serpentine course as it is affected first by one field and then by the other, the total number of deflection reversals experienced by the beam being a function of the initial beam velocity, an output system having a component thereof positioned to be variably affected by the beam depending upon whether the number of beam reversals is odd or even, and means for cyclically varying the initial velocity of the beam between limits sufficiently broad so that one cycle of such charge greater than one in ducing on opposite sides of the beam path oppositely directed static magnetic fields transverse to the beam whereby the beam is caused to follow a serpentine course as it is affected first by one field and then by the other, the total number of deflection reversals being a function of the initial direction of the beam as it enters the region of influence of the said magnetic fields, an output system having a component thereof which is variably affected by the beam depending upon
  • a frequency multiplier including means for producing a beam of electrons, means producing a first static magnetic field in a region which extends for a substantial distance along the beam path, said field being transverse to the beam path so that it produces lateral deflection of the beam, means providing a second magnetic field in opposite direction to the first and in a region closely adjacent to the first whereby it tends to reverse the deflection of the beam initially produced by the first field, both said fields being of sufficient spatial extent to assure a multiple reversal of the beam deflection as a result of their conjoint action, the number of such reversals being a function of the velocity of the beam as it enters theflrst field.
  • an output circuit having a component thereof arranged to be affected by the beam after its issuance from the said magnetic fields, the said circuit component being so positioned that the effect of the beam thereon is variable in accordance with whether the number of beam deflection reversals is odd or even, and means for cyclically varying the initial velocity of the beam within limits sufficiently wide so that one cycle of such variation produces a change greater than one in the number of deflection reversals, whereby the frequency of variation of the effect of the beam on the said output circuit is a multiple of the frequency of the said beam variation.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US310510A 1939-12-22 1939-12-22 High frequency apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2249494A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE441294D BE441294A (en(2012)) 1939-12-22
US310510A US2249494A (en) 1939-12-22 1939-12-22 High frequency apparatus
GB18048/40A GB577280A (en) 1939-12-22 1940-12-23 Improvements in electron discharge apparatus
FR868324D FR868324A (fr) 1939-12-22 1940-12-23 Tube générateur d'ondes ultra-courtes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US310510A US2249494A (en) 1939-12-22 1939-12-22 High frequency apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2249494A true US2249494A (en) 1941-07-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US310510A Expired - Lifetime US2249494A (en) 1939-12-22 1939-12-22 High frequency apparatus

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US (1) US2249494A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE441294A (en(2012))
FR (1) FR868324A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB577280A (en(2012))

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2437279A (en) * 1942-09-23 1948-03-09 Raytheon Mfg Co High-power microwave discharge tube
US2472766A (en) * 1944-12-28 1949-06-07 Cossor Ltd A C Cathode-ray tube
US2530775A (en) * 1944-11-09 1950-11-21 Honeywell Regulator Co Control apparatus
US3129356A (en) * 1959-05-28 1964-04-14 Gen Electric Fast electromagnetic wave and undulating electron beam interaction structure
US3197633A (en) * 1962-12-04 1965-07-27 Siemens Ag Method and apparatus for separating ions of respectively different specific electric charges

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2437279A (en) * 1942-09-23 1948-03-09 Raytheon Mfg Co High-power microwave discharge tube
US2530775A (en) * 1944-11-09 1950-11-21 Honeywell Regulator Co Control apparatus
US2472766A (en) * 1944-12-28 1949-06-07 Cossor Ltd A C Cathode-ray tube
US3129356A (en) * 1959-05-28 1964-04-14 Gen Electric Fast electromagnetic wave and undulating electron beam interaction structure
US3197633A (en) * 1962-12-04 1965-07-27 Siemens Ag Method and apparatus for separating ions of respectively different specific electric charges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB577280A (en) 1946-05-13
FR868324A (fr) 1941-12-27
BE441294A (en(2012))

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