US2249336A - Method for producing alloys - Google Patents
Method for producing alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2249336A US2249336A US351127A US35112740A US2249336A US 2249336 A US2249336 A US 2249336A US 351127 A US351127 A US 351127A US 35112740 A US35112740 A US 35112740A US 2249336 A US2249336 A US 2249336A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- molten
- reaction mixture
- metal
- slag
- chromium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010814 metallic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
Definitions
- This invention relates to metallurgy and has for an object the provision of certain improvements in processes for mixing metals. More particularly the invention contemplates the provision of an improved method of incorporating alloy metals in molten bodies or baths of base metals. A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method of forming chromiumalloys by incorporating chromium in molten bodies or baths of base metals such, for example, as iron and steel.
- metallic alloys are formed by mixing together the various components of the alloys sought to be produced.
- the various components all may be solid, all may be molten, or one or more may be solid and the remainder molten, when mixed initially.
- the mixture is heated to a temperature or maintained at a temperature such that all components become or remain molten and adequately fluid to permit thorough mixing with the production of a substantially homogeneous product. Thorough mixing with the production of homogeneous products is difficult and expensive to accomplish,
- the present invention is based on my discovery that exothermic reaction mixtures may be employed effectively to incorporatealloy metals in base metals by placing the mixtures in suitable receptacles and pouring the molten base metals into contact with the mixtures and through molten slag products formed by reaction of the mixtures.
- I employ an exothermic reaction mixture comprising actions.
- the exothermic reaction mixtures may contain the alloy metals in the elemental or metallic.
- Oxidizing agents include, for example, sodium nitrate, sodium chlorate and chromates and dichromates of sodium and calcium.
- Reducing agents include, for example,
- reaction mixtures suitable for use in carrying out the method of the invention for the production of chromium alloys are described in my Patent No. 2,176,688 and in my copending application, Serial No. 301,375, filed October 26, 1939 which has matured into Patent No. 2,243,783.
- reaction mixtures employed in carrying out the method of the invention react to produce molten slag and molten metal. Reduction or melting or reduction and. melting proceeds as long as the components of the reaction mixtures remain in efiective contact with one another and with the molten base metal.
- the improved method of the invention preferably involves the relatively gentle pouring of molten base metal from a furnace or other container into contact with the exothermic reaction mixture in a suitable ladle or other receptacle and through the molten reaction mixture or slag produced upon "ignition of the reaction.mixture.
- pouring of the molten base metal is so conducted that a gently boiling mass of metal is produced beneath the molten reaction mixture or slag during the pouring operation er of molten reaction mixture or slag.
- the boiling effect causes effective and repeatedly renewed contact of substantially all portions of the molten metal with the under surface of' the molten reaction mixture or slag layer, while avoidance of substantial rupturing of th molten reaction mixture or slag layer effectively prevents exposure of the molten metal to oxidation by the oxygen of the atmosphere.
- the repeatedly renewed contact of substantially all portions of the molten base metal with the under surface of the molten reaction mixture or slag layer results in a wide and thorough dissemination of the molten alloy metal produced throughout the body of base metal. As pouring proceeds, reactions within the mixture proceed to completion, leaving a molten slag which may serve as a protecting and purifying slag for the molten alloy produced.
- Example I A reaction mixture comprising reducible chromium and iron compounds and silicon and capable of reacting exothermically upon ignition to produce molten ferrochromium was employed in amounts calculated to produce low-carbon steel containing chromium in the range 0.85% to 1.05% by placing the reaction mixture on the surface of a molten bath of steel in a furnace in one operation and by placing the reaction mixture in a ladle and pouring steel of the same composition into contact with it in accordance with the invention in another operation.
- the product formed in the furnace operation contained 0.54 percent chromium, and the product formed in the ladle operation in accordance with the invention contained 0.97 percent chromium.
- Example II A reaction mixture comprising reducible chromium and iron compounds and silicon and capable of reacting exothermically upo'n ignition to produce molten ferrochromium was employed in amounts calculated to produce high-carbon steel containing chromium in the range 0.90% to contained 0.67 percent chromium, and the product formed in the ladle operation in accordance with the invention contained 1.05 percent chromium.
- Example III I without causing substantial rupturing of the laytact therewithin accordanc with the invention.
- the product formed contained 1.07 percent chromium
- the method of the invention is particularly suitable for use in the production of relatively low-chromium iron and steel alloys such as those containing chromium in the range 1.00% to 1.20% and those containing chromium in the range 4.00% to 6.00%.
- the method of the invention may be employed advantageously also in the production of chromium and other alloys containing greater and lesser amounts of alloy metal than those indicated because of the high speed of reaction accomplished.
- the method of the invention may be employed advantageously in the production of alloys of all compositions in the production of which the volume of slag produced by reaction does not interfere with efficient operation.
- a method of producing alloys in which molten base metal to which an alloy metal is to be added is contacted with a reaction mixture capable upon ignition of reacting exothermically to produce molten alloy metal and molten slag, the improvement which comprises placing the reaction mixture in a suitable receptacle, pouring the base metal into the receptacle into contact with the reaction mixture; and producing by igniting the reaction mixture a molten bath comprising molten metal beneath a layer of molten slag, and controlling the pouring to produce a gently boiling mass of metal beneath the layer of molten slag produced upon ignition of the reaction mixture without causing substantial rupturing of the layer of molten slag.
- the improvement which comprises-placing the reaction mixture in a suitable receptacle, pouring the molten metal into the receptacle into contact with the reaction mixture and producing by igniting the reaction mixture a molten bath comprising moltan metal beneath a layer of molten slag, and controlling the pouring to produce a gently boiling mass of metal beneath the layer of molteir slag, produced upon ignition ofthe reaction mixture without causing substantial rupturing of the layer of molten slag.
- a ferrous metal alloy containing chromium in which molten ferrous metal 'to' which'the chromium is to be added is contactedfl with'; a reaction mixture capable upon ignitiofifof reacting exothermically to produce molten metallic chromium and molten slag, the improvemdpt lwhich comprises placing the reaction mixture in a suitable receptacle, pouring the molten ferrous metal into the receptacle into contact with the reaction mixture and producing by igniting the reaction mixture a molten bath comprising molten metal beneath a layer of molten slag, and controlling the pouring to produce a gently boiling mass of molten metal beneath the layer of molten slag produced upon ignition of the reaction mixture without causing substantial rupturing of the layer of molten slag.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Description
Patented July 15, 1941 METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALLOYS Marvin J. Udy, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
No Drawing. Application August 3, 1940, Serial No. 351,127
4 Claims.
This invention relates to metallurgy and has for an object the provision of certain improvements in processes for mixing metals. More particularly the invention contemplates the provision of an improved method of incorporating alloy metals in molten bodies or baths of base metals. A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method of forming chromiumalloys by incorporating chromium in molten bodies or baths of base metals such, for example, as iron and steel.
According to some heretofore customary practices, metallic alloys, or mixtures of metals, are formed by mixing together the various components of the alloys sought to be produced. The various components all may be solid, all may be molten, or one or more may be solid and the remainder molten, when mixed initially. The mixture is heated to a temperature or maintained at a temperature such that all components become or remain molten and suficiently fluid to permit thorough mixing with the production of a substantially homogeneous product. Thorough mixing with the production of homogeneous products is difficult and expensive to accomplish,
particularly when high-melting point components such as chromium are employed.
It has been proposed also to incorporate alloy metals in bodies or baths of molten base metals by placing on 'the surfaces of the molten bodies or baths of base metals in ladies and furnaces exothermic reaction mixtures capable of reacting upon ignition to produce molten alloy metal of the type sought to be incorporated in the base metal. This procedure can be employed effectively to produce substantially homogeneous products, but recoveries of the alloy metals contalned in the exothermic reaction mixtures may be low because of the presence in the ladies or furnaces of slags which interfere with the replicate the problem of producing alloys according to specification and result in losses in money and efiiciency because of spoiled heats and alloy metal waste.
The present invention is based on my discovery that exothermic reaction mixtures may be employed effectively to incorporatealloy metals in base metals by placing the mixtures in suitable receptacles and pouring the molten base metals into contact with the mixtures and through molten slag products formed by reaction of the mixtures.
In a preferred process of my invention, I employ an exothermic reaction mixture comprising actions. Low and unpredictable recoveries comsolid components capable of reacting upon ignition (through contact with molten base metal,
for mixing with a body or bath of base metal.
The exothermic reaction mixtures may contain the alloy metals in the elemental or metallic.
compounds to reduce the metal compounds to,
metal and generate suflicient heat to melt the reduced meta1 and any other metal present in the mixtures. Oxidizing agents include, for example, sodium nitrate, sodium chlorate and chromates and dichromates of sodium and calcium. Reducing agents include, for example,,
carbon, silicon, aluminum and various silicides such as silicides of aluminum, calcium and magnesium. Reaction mixtures suitable for use in carrying out the method of the invention for the production of chromium alloys are described in my Patent No. 2,176,688 and in my copending application, Serial No. 301,375, filed October 26, 1939 which has matured into Patent No. 2,243,783. Upon ignition, reaction mixtures employed in carrying out the method of the invention react to produce molten slag and molten metal. Reduction or melting or reduction and. melting proceeds as long as the components of the reaction mixtures remain in efiective contact with one another and with the molten base metal.
The improved method of the invention preferably involves the relatively gentle pouring of molten base metal from a furnace or other container into contact with the exothermic reaction mixture in a suitable ladle or other receptacle and through the molten reaction mixture or slag produced upon "ignition of the reaction.mixture. Preferably, pouring of the molten base metal is so conducted that a gently boiling mass of metal is produced beneath the molten reaction mixture or slag during the pouring operation er of molten reaction mixture or slag. The boiling effect causes effective and repeatedly renewed contact of substantially all portions of the molten metal with the under surface of' the molten reaction mixture or slag layer, while avoidance of substantial rupturing of th molten reaction mixture or slag layer effectively prevents exposure of the molten metal to oxidation by the oxygen of the atmosphere. The repeatedly renewed contact of substantially all portions of the molten base metal with the under surface of the molten reaction mixture or slag layer results in a wide and thorough dissemination of the molten alloy metal produced throughout the body of base metal. As pouring proceeds, reactions within the mixture proceed to completion, leaving a molten slag which may serve as a protecting and purifying slag for the molten alloy produced. The boiling effect with the repeatedly renewed contact of base metal with the molten reaction mixture or slag insures effective reacting contact of all reagents including contact' of all silicon and similar reagents which may become dissolved and dispersed in the molten base metal with oxidizing material contained in the molten reaction mixture or slag layer.
The following examples illustrate the advantages of the process:
Example I A reaction mixture comprising reducible chromium and iron compounds and silicon and capable of reacting exothermically upon ignition to produce molten ferrochromium was employed in amounts calculated to produce low-carbon steel containing chromium in the range 0.85% to 1.05% by placing the reaction mixture on the surface of a molten bath of steel in a furnace in one operation and by placing the reaction mixture in a ladle and pouring steel of the same composition into contact with it in accordance with the invention in another operation.
The product formed in the furnace operation contained 0.54 percent chromium, and the product formed in the ladle operation in accordance with the invention contained 0.97 percent chromium.
Example II A reaction mixture comprising reducible chromium and iron compounds and silicon and capable of reacting exothermically upo'n ignition to produce molten ferrochromium was employed in amounts calculated to produce high-carbon steel containing chromium in the range 0.90% to contained 0.67 percent chromium, and the product formed in the ladle operation in accordance with the invention contained 1.05 percent chromium.
Example III I without causing substantial rupturing of the laytact therewithin accordanc with the invention.
The product formed contained 1.07 percent chromium;
The method of the invention is particularly suitable for use in the production of relatively low-chromium iron and steel alloys such as those containing chromium in the range 1.00% to 1.20% and those containing chromium in the range 4.00% to 6.00%. The method of the invention may be employed advantageously also in the production of chromium and other alloys containing greater and lesser amounts of alloy metal than those indicated because of the high speed of reaction accomplished. The method of the invention may be employed advantageously in the production of alloys of all compositions in the production of which the volume of slag produced by reaction does not interfere with efficient operation.
Iclaim:
1. In a method of producing alloys in which molten base metal to which an alloy metal is to be added is contacted with a reaction mixture capable upon ignition of reacting exothermically to produce molten alloy metal and molten slag, the improvement which comprises placing the reaction mixture in a suitable receptacle, pouring the base metal into the receptacle into contact with the reaction mixture; and producing by igniting the reaction mixture a molten bath comprising molten metal beneath a layer of molten slag, and controlling the pouring to produce a gently boiling mass of metal beneath the layer of molten slag produced upon ignition of the reaction mixture without causing substantial rupturing of the layer of molten slag.
2. In a method of mixing metals in which molten metal is contacted witha reaction mixture capable upon ignition of reacting exothermically to produce molten metal and molten slag, the improvement which comprises-placing the reaction mixture in a suitable receptacle, pouring the molten metal into the receptacle into contact with the reaction mixture and producing by igniting the reaction mixture a molten bath comprising moltan metal beneath a layer of molten slag, and controlling the pouring to produce a gently boiling mass of metal beneath the layer of molteir slag, produced upon ignition ofthe reaction mixture without causing substantial rupturing of the layer of molten slag.
3. In a in'etho'd of producin a ferrous metal alloy containing chromium in which molten ferrous metal 'to' which'the chromium is to be added is contactedfl with'; a reaction mixture capable upon ignitiofifof reacting exothermically to produce molten metallic chromium and molten slag, the improvemdpt lwhich comprises placing the reaction mixture in a suitable receptacle, pouring the molten ferrous metal into the receptacle into contact with the reaction mixture and producing by igniting the reaction mixture a molten bath comprising molten metal beneath a layer of molten slag, and controlling the pouring to produce a gently boiling mass of molten metal beneath the layer of molten slag produced upon ignition of the reaction mixture without causing substantial rupturing of the layer of molten slag.
4. .In a method of incorporating chromium in steel in which molten steel is contacted 'with a reaction mixture capable upon ignition of reacting exothermically to produce molten. metallic trolling the pouring to produce a gently boiling mass of molten steel beneath the layer oi. molten slag produced upon ignition of the reaction mixture without causing substantial rupturing of 5 the layer of molten slag.
MARVIN J. UDY.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US351127A US2249336A (en) | 1940-08-03 | 1940-08-03 | Method for producing alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US351127A US2249336A (en) | 1940-08-03 | 1940-08-03 | Method for producing alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2249336A true US2249336A (en) | 1941-07-15 |
Family
ID=23379685
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US351127A Expired - Lifetime US2249336A (en) | 1940-08-03 | 1940-08-03 | Method for producing alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2249336A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2462871A (en) * | 1946-05-18 | 1949-03-01 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Treating agent |
| US2481599A (en) * | 1946-05-18 | 1949-09-13 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Alloy addition agent |
| US2683662A (en) * | 1951-10-31 | 1954-07-13 | Molybdenum Corp | Manufacture of iron and steel and products obtained |
| US2765225A (en) * | 1953-10-14 | 1956-10-02 | American Cast Iron Pipe Co | Treatment of cast iron |
| US3194649A (en) * | 1962-04-27 | 1965-07-13 | Okazaki Shigeyuki | Filling substance for producing chromium-molybdenum steel |
| US3647419A (en) * | 1969-12-31 | 1972-03-07 | Int Nickel Co | Nickel recovery |
| US4695447A (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1987-09-22 | Detox International Corporation | Destruction of inorganic hazardous wastes |
-
1940
- 1940-08-03 US US351127A patent/US2249336A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2462871A (en) * | 1946-05-18 | 1949-03-01 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Treating agent |
| US2481599A (en) * | 1946-05-18 | 1949-09-13 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Alloy addition agent |
| US2683662A (en) * | 1951-10-31 | 1954-07-13 | Molybdenum Corp | Manufacture of iron and steel and products obtained |
| US2765225A (en) * | 1953-10-14 | 1956-10-02 | American Cast Iron Pipe Co | Treatment of cast iron |
| US3194649A (en) * | 1962-04-27 | 1965-07-13 | Okazaki Shigeyuki | Filling substance for producing chromium-molybdenum steel |
| US3647419A (en) * | 1969-12-31 | 1972-03-07 | Int Nickel Co | Nickel recovery |
| US4695447A (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1987-09-22 | Detox International Corporation | Destruction of inorganic hazardous wastes |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2249336A (en) | Method for producing alloys | |
| US2481599A (en) | Alloy addition agent | |
| US2247262A (en) | Composition and method for treating molten metals | |
| US1975084A (en) | Composition of matter and process of treating molten metals | |
| US2256901A (en) | Production of ferroalloys | |
| US2698784A (en) | Removal of impurities from steel | |
| US2281216A (en) | Metallurgy | |
| US4022613A (en) | Metallurgical material and process for treating iron or steel therewith | |
| US2280872A (en) | Method for altering the composition of molten metal | |
| US2243784A (en) | Method and material suitable for use in the production of molten metal products | |
| US2367630A (en) | Metallurgy | |
| US2399747A (en) | Metallurgy | |
| US1945260A (en) | Composition of matter and process of treating molten metals | |
| US2290194A (en) | Process of producing molybdenum containing alloys | |
| US2370608A (en) | Metallurgy | |
| US1421471A (en) | Metal compound powder and process for the production of the same | |
| US1994679A (en) | Process of producing alloys | |
| US2280873A (en) | Production of chromium-bearing alloys | |
| US2232745A (en) | Metallurgy of iron | |
| US490961A (en) | Process of producing metallic alloys | |
| US2527186A (en) | Process for blocking open hearth heats | |
| US2342102A (en) | Metal refining process | |
| RU2102495C1 (en) | Metallothermal reaction mixture | |
| US2243783A (en) | Production of chromium-bearing reaction mixtures and alloys | |
| GB1279138A (en) | Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for direct reduction of metallic materials |