US2248002A - Apparatus for finishing forgings - Google Patents

Description

I 5 SheetsSheet 1 July 1, 1941. LE ROY LAYTON APPARATUS FOR FINISHING FORGINGS Original Filed Oct. 12, 1938 July 1, 1941. LE ROY LAYTON APPARATUS FOR FINISHING FORGINGS Original Filed Oct. 12, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 m. m ulnww Juiy 1, 1941. LE ROY LAYTQN 2 ,248,002

APPARATUS FOR FINISHING FORGINGS Original Filed Oct. 12, 1958 5 she'etswsheet 3 Le al/ 2% fylzs fliibi izgyi July 1, 1941. LE ROY LAYTON APPARATUS FOR FINISHING FORGINGS Original Filed 001:; '12, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 July 1, 1941. LE ROY LAYTON APPARATUS FOR FINISHING FORGINGS Original Filed Oct. 12, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented 'July 1, 1941 UNITED STATES. PATENT OFFICE- APPARATUS FOR FINISHING FORGINGS Le Roy Layton, Lansdowne, Pa, assignor to Lansdowne Steel & Iron Company, Morton, Pa, a corporation of Pennsylvania Original application October 12, 1938, Serial No.

1939, Serial No. 271,570

16 Claims. (Cl. 29-121) This is a division of application Serial No. 234,713.

This invention relates to the manufacture of hollow forgings in general and more especially to those employed as the main body portions of armament projectiles, which require accuracy in the forgings as to balance and uniformity about the longitudinal axes thereof.

Prior to the present invention it has been customary to machine-finish, i. e. bore and/or ceptable for use in the manufacture of shell casings and which as such will not require machine-finishing of the interior surfaces of thepunch cavities.

The process and apparatus forming thesubject matter of the present invention will be fully disclosed hereinafter, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, of which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional elevation of a primary forging die with a heated billet therein:

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view taken on the line -2. Fi 1; I

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1, with the billet consolidated in the lower part of the die under a consolidating and initial piercing tool;

Fig. 4 is a sectional-plan view taken on the line 4-4, Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Figs..1 and 3 with the metal displaced upwardly in the die around a secondary piercing tool;

Fig. 6 isa diagrammatic longitudinal sectional elevation of the finishing machine, with the partially completed forging about to be entered by the finishing tool;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing the' finishing toolpressing the partially completed forging into the bite of a set of primary reducing rolls;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view showing the partially completed forging being contracted cross-sectionally by the primary reducing rolls;

Divided and this application May 3 Fig. 9 isa transverse elevation viewing the primary rollsand reduced forging from the plane the primary and secondary rolls and making contact with a marking die;

Fig. 13 is. a sectional perspective view of a finished forging;

Figs. 1421- and 14b constitute a side elevation, partly in section, of that portion of the apparatus shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 12;

Fig. 15 is a plan view, partly in section, of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 14a;

Fig. 16 is a transverse sectional elevation taken on the line l6l6, Fig. 14a;

Fig. 17 is a transverse sectional elevation taken on the line il-I'l, Fig. 14a;

Fig. 18 is a sectional plan view taken on the line "-48, Fig. 14a;

Fig. 19 is a transverse sectional elevation taken on the line l9i9, Fig. 18; n

Fig. 20 is a transverse sectional elevation taken on the line 20-20, Fig. 18; and

Fig. 21 is a perspective view of a detail of the invention.

It will be understood that the forgings manufacturedin accordance with the principles of the present invention may b produced from round billets of substantially the same diameter as the opening in the die in which the preliminary steps of the process of the-present invention are carried out; or the billets may be square or of other cross-sectional shape, with the transverse diagonal orother greatest cross-section measurement substantially equal to the diameter of the open mouth of the die; or the billets may be of the type disclosed in my two prior United States Patents No. 2,057,580 and No. 2,059,124, dated October 13, 1936, and October 27, 1936, respectively, wherein the corners of a square billet having normal diagonal measurements greater than the mouth opening of the die are reduced diagonally and the sides of. the billet 'intermediate the corners bulged, by which the billet receives a peculiar, substantially circular cross sectional shape having its greatest measurement slightly less than the diameter of the mouth 1 opening of the die, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the present drawings.

In Fig. '1 of the present drawings a primary die D is shown as having received a heated billet B suitable shape.

of the above noted peculiarly circular .or other In the present instance the ibottom of the die D, which may be fixed or having a collar 2 which more or less snugly fits movable, preferably the latter, is provided with I a circular depression d.

In Fig. 3, a dumping or consolidating tool I,

the circular or other shaped bore of the die D and which, beneath the collar 2, is provided with a tapered, circular, or other shaped initial piercing lug or boss 3, has been lowered into the die D and pressed against the hot metal of the billet B under hydraulic or other power, sufficient to compress the billet B between the bottom of the die cavity and the underside of the collar 2. I Under and by such compression the still-hot metal of the billet B is upset or caused to flow and become consolidated in the die D, around the I boss 3, in the depression d, and into full contact with the side walls of the die D, as shown in Figs.

3 and 4.

The billet B is thus transformed into an initial forging blank BI, with a nose pad b formed on I one end by the depression d in the bottom of the die D, a centralized initial piercing cavity CI solidation of the hot metal in the lower part of the die D is withdrawn and a secondary piercing Q tool or punch 5 is lowered into the die D under 1 hydraulic or other suitable power.

The secondary piercing tool 5 isof a substan tially cylindrical form, in the present instance,

, shape that it may be desired to have in the cavity although it may conform to any cross sectional 1 formed thereby in the forging.

: tool 5 is taperedin accordance with the taper of' The lower portion 6 of the secondary piercing the initial piercing boss 3 on the tool I. The extreme end of the tool 5 is of substantially the same size and shape as the initial piercing :element 3 and consequently corresponds in shape I and size to the initial cavity CI formed in the 1 initial blank BI by the element 3.

. The end 'I of the piercing tool 5 first makes snug contact with substantially the entire surface with the side walls of the cavity C2. The oniy' 1 of the cavity CI in the initial blank BI and is 1 then forced by hydraulic or other suitable power 3 down deeper into the hot metal of the initial 1 forging blank BI, causing the heated metal to flow upwardly in. the die D around the tapered end 6 of the tool 5, then up around the body porshown at W2, W2 in Fig. 5, with said walls extending upwardlyfrom the closed bottom X of the partially completed shell casing; and whereby the cavity CI of the blank BI is elongated to the extent shown at C2 in Fig. 5, with the diameter ofthe cavity C2 substantially corresponding 1 to the outside diameter of the piercing tool 5.

The operations or steps above disclosed complete what will be hereinafter termed a primary I forging. These steps, insofar as described, are

substantially the same as disclosed in my two previously noted patents.

The present inventionis directed to steps employed in addition to those disclosed above and 5 by which the interior of the forging is finished accurately without machining.

The preliminary steps disclosed above, and by which the primary forging B2 is produced, are all carried on in a single heat. The steps by which 10 the primary forging B2 is finished are likewise carried on in the same heat with the preliminary steps, whereby reheating and consequently, formation of excessive scale on the interior wall of the forging are eliminated. I v

The secondary piercing tool 5 is then remove from the hot metal in the die D and the primary forging B2 is kicked out of or otherwise removed from the die D, as by raising the movable bottom DI of the die. The still-hot primary forging B2, after its removal from the die D, is placed in a horizontally disposed trough 9 (see Figs. 14a and 16), which supports said primary forging with its longitudinal axis coaxially aligned with the longitudinal axis of a finishing tool III. As 9 shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8 the diameter of the finishing tool I0 is less than the diameter of the piercing C2 as made in the primary forging B2 by the second piercing tool 5.

With the primary forging B2 and the finishin tool I0 in the relative positions shown in Fig. 6, .said finishing tool is advanced axially into the cavity C2 of said primary forging freely and substantially without contacting the side walls of the cavity until the blunt end I I of said tool 5 makes contact with the flat bottom end c3 of the cavity C2. Continued axial movement of the tool I0 advances the primary forging B2 into the bite of a series of rolls RI.

Each of the rolls RI is provided with a concave 40 face I2 and said concave faces are arranged about a common axis coinciding with the axis of the tool I0 and the primary forging B2 and collec-- .tively form a substantially complete circle through which the primary forging is passed by further axial movement of the finishing tool I0. It will be noted upon reference to Fig.7 that the outside diameter of the finishing tool I0 is less than the inside diameter of the cavity or bore C2 of the forgingB2; and that the angle of taper of the end I3 of the tool I0 is less than the angle of taper of the inner end of the cavity C2 of the forging B2. Consequently, as the tool Ill moves from the positionshown in Fig. 6 to the position shown in Fig. 7 it makes no contact whatsoever contact made between the tool and the forging until such time as said forging passes into the bite of the rolls RI is that made between the flat blunt end II and rounded corners ll of the tool III and the flat end 03 and correspondingly rounded corners of the cavity .C2 in the forging.

Preferably, the diameter of the flat surface 03 and that of the blunt end II are substantially the same, whereby a snug fit between the two is -accomplished, and consequent centering of the tool II) with respect to thecavity C2 in the forg ing isefl'ected. Continued movement of the tool I0 forces the forging B2 into the bite of the rolls RI, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9.

concave faces I2 of the rolls RI, RI is less in diameter than the outside diameter of the forging B2 and as the forging is passed through the throat formed by said rolls it is reduced indialn- 7.5 eter or contracted cross-sectionally, causing a The circle or throat described by the combined aMa -j by saidtool in each of which the piercing tool, has remained in contact with the hot metal of a corresponding reduction in the diameter of the cavity C2 and effecting contact between the outer surface of the tool it and the inner will of the cavity 02 at the same time. As the passage of the forging through the rollsRi by the tool II continues, reduction in diameter of the forging B2 progressively contracts the forging cross-sec-- tion in the diameter of the forging as the same passes through the rolls RI.

From the rolls RI the forging passes into thebite of a second series of rolls R2, as shown in.

Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 11. The faces of the rolls R2 are concave, as illustrated at it, in Fig. 11,

' and together with the edges of theconcave faces in laterally abutting relation to each other forming a complete circle or throat of progressively smaller diameter than the throat formed by the rolls Ri, RI.

As shown in Figs. 6 to 12 inclusive, the rolls R2 are of the same number as the rolls R! and are set at right angles with respect to the rolls Ri, whereby the fins I produced by the rolls Ri are engaged by the centers of the concave surfaces 56 of the rolls R2.

The throat described by the collective concave surfaces is of the rolls R8 "as noted above is slightly less in diameter than the throat de scribed by the concave surfaces. id of the rolls Ri, whereby, as the tool Iii continues to move axially, the primary forging B2 is advanced through the rolls RI into the bite of the rolls R2 and through said rolls, which progressively reduces the outside diameter of the forging 2 with a relatively large reduction made by the rolls RI and a relatively slight further reduc= tion made by the rolls R2. The rolls R2 also, due to the position of the fins f with respect to the forging throughout the entire piercing and elongating of each forging, which resulted in overheating. 7

In thepresent instance, finishing of the interior surface of the forging cavities is made possible by employing the initial and/or secondary piercing tools, as above described, to

the concave faces I 6 of the rolls R2, eliminate said fins and produce a substantially complete .plain cylindrical surface on the outside of the forging B2.

Reduction in the outside diameter of the f forging molds said forging around the finishing tool it, whereby the diameter of the cavity '02 is reduced-to that of the outside diameter As the finished forging B3 passes out of the bite of. therolls R2, continued axial movement of the tool Iii causes the fiat face of the pad I) on the closed end X of the forging B3 to be brought into contact with a marking die I1, and.

Q as illustrated in Fig. 12, the marking die n is arranged to, apply any desired identification to the end of the completed forging. v

Heretofore the finishing of the inside wall of 'the cavity of the shell casing and other hollow 'forgings by the piercing tool has been considered to be impossible, because of marring or other changing of the surface of the piercing tool as a result of successive piercing operations produce the primary cavity 02 in the primary mm 32 by utilizing a. finishing tool to complete the forging operations by making the finishing tool of a diameter less than that of the primary piercing tool and the primary cavity and contracting the primary forgihg cross-sectionally around the finishing tool, and by reduoing the time of contact of the finishing tool with the'hot metal of the forging, whereby the finishing tool does not absorb as great an amount of heat from the forging as the piercing tool heretofore, making the finishing tool less susceptible to marring. I

Asa further means of keeping the finishing tool from being marred or damaged, the tool is kept as cool as possible by being perically submerged in water or other cooling liquid after each primary forging has been completed.

Furthermore, a variable stroke is provided for the finishing tool to cut down the time of its contact with the hot metal and whereby said tool is moved rapidly from the position shown 'in Fig. 6 to the position shcwnin Fig. 7, then slower as said tool advances the for through the reducing rolls RI and R3, then rapidly from it to end of a piston rod or ram rod 2%.

The rod 2%) is provided with a piston 2i at its opposite end which is slidably mounted in a cylinder 22. Ports 23 and 24, disposed at opposite ends respectively of the cylinder 22', admit and exhaust operating fluid to and from the interior ofthe cylinder 22,;at opposite sides respectively of the piston 2i.

The cylinder or piston bore 22 in which the piston 2| operatesis formed in one end of a hydraulic ram 25. The ram 25 is mounted for axial movement in a ram cylinder 26. Operating fiuld for moving the ram 25 relative to the cylinder in the direction causing the finishing tool II to pass the primary forging B2 'through the reducing rolls RI, R2, is admitted from a suitable source. such as a hydraulic accumulator, through a pipe 21 tapp d into a cylinder head 28 which closes the one end of a ram cylinder 20. libcape of the operating fluid from the opposite end of the cylinder 26 around the ram 2 is prevented by a suitable packing gland 2!.

In a like manner one end 3| of the piston bore 22 formed in the ram 28 is closed, as shown in Fig. 18, by the metal of the mun-thus preventing escape of operating. fluid therefrom. nae opposite end of the piston bore 32 is closed by a threaded Plug, II in which is mounted a suitable packing gland 32 which prevents escape of operating fluid from said end of said bore around the piston or ram. rod 26.-

The ram cylinder 26 is provided with a flange 33 which'acts as a supporting frame for the one end of the cylinder. The flange 33 is provided with feet 34 which. rest on a solid foundation 35 and which are secured thereto by bolts 36. The opposite end of the cylinder 26 is supported by a frame 31 which. rests on the foundation 35 and is provided with feet 38 which are secured to said foundation by bolts 39.

Supported by the frame members 33 and .31 at each of the opposite sides of the ram cylinder 26 is a ram returning cylinder 48. In each of,

' in a frame 46 which is provided with feet 41 secured to the foundation 35 by bolts 48. The rolls R2 are rotatably mounted in a framework 49 which is secured to or forms a part of framework 46 in which the rolls RI are rotatablyv mounted. The roll supporting frames 46-49 are tied to the framework 33 which supports the-ram cylinder 26 by means of tie rods 50, 58, said tie rods passing through the fiange, 43 on the ram 25 and functioning as a guide-way for the ram when the ram is projected from the cylinder 26.

The-trough 9 which supports the primary forging B2 priorto its being engaged by the finishing tool I6 is secured to the roll frame 46, as shown in Figs. 14a and 16. I

The stripper I8 by which the finished forgings B3 are removed from' the finishing tool III is After each forging operation the finishing tool It as it passes beyond the rear end of the trough 3 swings about its pivot I9, dropping the penetrating end of said tool into a cooling liquid of slidably mounted in guide-ways 5|, 5| carried ished forging B3 and whereby, as the tool I6 is retracted by reverse movement of the piston 21, the end of the finished forging B3 in which the finished cavity C3 is formed engages the stripper I8 which removes the said forging from the tool I8.

The piston or ram rod 28 is provided-with apair of segmental lugs 55, 55 which normally are slidably mounted in a correspondingly shaped pair of grooves 56, 56. The grooves 56 are formed in a sleeve 51 which is rotatably mounted in an extension 58 of and on the forward end of the ram 25. Secured to the sleeve 51 is a split collar 59 which is provided with an annular rib 68. Theannular rib 66 is mounted in acorrespondingly shaped groove 6| formed in the ram extension 58. The collar 59 is provided with suitable handles 62, 62 by which thecollar 59 and consequently the sleeve 51 may be rotated to bring the solid portions 63 of the sleeve 51, which lie between the grooves 56, 56 of said sleeve, behind the segmental lugs 55, 55 on the ram rod 28 when such lugs are in the position shown in Fig. 21.

any desired kind contained within a reservoir 64, as shown in Fig. 14a. The end of the tool I8 is prevented from striking the bottom of the container 64 by the underside of the tool I0 coming into contact with a block of wood 65 or other suitable material resiliently supported in any suitable manner as by a spring 66 shown in Fig. 14a.

The finishing tool I0 is raised from its inactive full line position shown in Fig. 14a to its operating position shown in broken lines in said figure by an air hoist or similar mechanism comprising a cylinder 61, a rod 68,,chains 69 and yoke or loop III through which the tool I0 loosely extends.

When the primary forging B2 is placed in the receiving trough 9 the converging sides of said trough center said forging with respect to the axis of the ram rod 28 and the coinciding axis ofthe opening formed by-and between the concave faces-of the rolls RI, RI, and R2, R2. The tool III is then raised from its full line to its broken line position, as shown in Fig. 14a, which brings the axis of said-tool into alignment with the axis of the'primary forging B2. Fluid pressure admitted to the cylinder 22 through the port 23 quickly advances the ram rod 28 and tool I0 and causes the tool tomove from the position shown in Fig. 6 into the cavity C2 of the forging B2, until the end II of said tool engages the base 03 'of the cavity C2 and advances said forging along said trough into the bite of the rolls RI, in the position shown in Fig. '7.

In-order to effect rapid movement of the tool into the cavity of the forging and the forging into contact with the rolls RI it is preferable that air under pressure be used as the motivating fluid in the cylinder bore 22.

When the forward end of the forging B2 engages the rolls RI the lugs 55 on the ram rod 2!! have moved from the position shown in Fig. 18

, to the position shown in Fig. 21 with respect to said ram. The collar 58 is then rotated to bring the solid abutments 63 into line withand behind the lugs 55. Motivating fluid, preferably water under high pressure from a hydraulic accumulator is then admitted to the rear end of the ram cylinder 26 through the pipe 21.

The slower moving hydraulic pressure then advances the ram 25 until the abutments 63 engage the lugs 55 on the ram rod 20. The ram rod 26 and the finishing tool I8 connected thereto are then looked to and move with the ram 25 as an integral part thereof and pass the forging B2 through the primary reducing rolls RI and the secondary rolls R2.

As soon as the rear end b2 of the forging B3 passes the axis of thesecondary rolls R2 the air pressure built up in the cylinder 22 between the piston 2I and the solid end 36 of said cylinder bore projects the ram rod 28 and finishing tool I0 rapidly, causing the fiat face of the pad The stripper I8 is then moved-in behind the finished forging, as previously described, whereupon air under pressureis admitted to the port" 5 24 at that end of the cylinder bore 22'between1- .the piston 2i and the closure plug 3!, while the port 23 is opened to exhaust, the collar 59 having previously been turned to realign the grooves it with .the lugs 55 on theram rod 2.. The

application of the air pressure to the cylinder 22 through the port rapidly moves the ram rod in a reverse direction, the first result of which is that the rear end I)! of the forging B3 strikes the stripper ll and strips the forging BS from the finishing tool I. as the ram rod and finishing tool continue to move rearwardly, the lugs It in the meantim passing into and along the grooves 58 in the sleeve 51 into the position shown in Fig. 18.

Fluid under pressure, either pneumatic or hydraulic is then admitted by the pipes 4 into the retracting cylinders ll, said fluid operating against the pistons II to retract the-piston rods 42 which, being connected to the cross head 43 of the ram 2t, moves said cross head and said ram in a reverse direction to retract the tool It fully from the rolls Bi and R2. Continued rearward movement of the ram withdraws the finishing tool In to a position where the end ii thereof passes beyond the rear end of the trough ti and permits the tool it to drop into the cooling liquid within the container 64, it

being understood that in the meantime the tool raising loop '59 has been lowered to permit said tool to drop into contact with the shock absorbing block 85 on the spring, 85.

If for any reason the forging does not freely strip from the tool H3 when the air pressure 1i, is applied to the piston 28 through the port 2%, as above described, the stripping will be effected when the ramtii is retracted by hydraulic pressure applied to pull-back cylinders it, through the inlets 4 3, which will cause the plug 30 in the ram 25 to engage the piston 2i and move the piston rod it and tool it rearwardly with sufilcient force to strip the finished forging from the tool.

Obviously, the various fluid conducting pipes are provided with suitable valves whereby inlet and exhaust of motive fluid to and from the various cylinders may be readily controlled.

The method of the present invention, as described above, constitutes a decided improvement over the methods of the prior artin which the forgings are reduced diametrically and elongated longitudinally .by passing them through one or more rings, in that, by the present method a greater reduction in a single pass through the rolls can be made than could beaccomplished by any single pass through a draw ring, because in attempting to make a great reduction with or rings opposing the force exerted on the end of the piercing by the tool exceeds the tensile strength of the metal between the end of the terior surface of the finishing tool produces a decided improvement in the character or the finish of the interior wall of the forging, thesurface of the wall being extremely smoother with decidedly less scale-formation than under the old method.

In the present instance the first set of rolls makes the reduction and in so doing raises longitudinal ribs or ridges on the outer surface of the forging, while the second .set of rolls primarily eradicates these ribs or ridges and efiects little or no reduction in the diameter of the forging. a a

The pipes 34, 443 which admit the motivating fluid to the cylinders 4B, 49 for returning the ram 25 to its initial position after the completion of each forging are preferably connected to the same source of operating fluid or the same pipe line as the pipe 21 which admits the fluid to the cylinder 28 in which the ram operates,

with suitable va ves in the line for controlling the flow of fluid to and from the cylinders. In order to effect the quickest possible operation of the return pistons ll, M, the valves in the pipes 45, it between thesource of power and the cylinders 4t, M, are preferably kept open to ads mit the motivating fluid to the cylinders til, to constantly, in which case forward movement of the ram 25, due to the area of this 'ram being greater than the combined areas of the pistons M, M, causes the fluid in the forward ends of the cylinders til, M3 to be forced back into the line connected to the power source, to react immediately in the opposite direction upon cutting on the rear end of the ram cylinder 26 from said source of power and opening it to exhaust.

In other instances, if desired, the pipes ill, may be connected to the power source and to exhaust alternately, by operation of suitable controlling valves, operated manually or automatically, in proper relation to the admittance and exhaust of motivating fluid to and from the rear end of the ram cylinder "2t. f".

The provision of the quick acting piston 2i in the cylinder formed in the forward end of the ram 25 and which is operable independently of the ram 28 and in conjunction therewith, makes it possible to reduce to an extremely low minimum the timein which the tool In is in actual contact with the hot metal of the forging, thus reducing variations in the diameter of the 'tool, as caused by long contact periods and subsequent coolings effecting altemate expansions and contractions of the tool, with corresponding deteriorations of the tool metal which reduces the usei'ul life of the tool and makes it. impossible to tool and the ring and causes the metal to thin out in what is termed necking, which draws the metal out of contact with the surface of the tool and produces an uneven inner surface in the forging and a consequent non-uniform thickness in the wall of the forging; whereas,

under-the present method the rolls by reason of their rolling contact with the exterior surface.

of the forging reduces the opposition to the passage of the forging through the throat of the rolls and compresses the metal radially at the same time as the wall of the forging is elon-- hold accurate dimensions thereof. The short contact period between the tool and the work in the present case eliminates such difliculties, holds the tool to true dimensions. reduces wear of the j tool to a minimum, and prolongs the useful life thereof to a very considerable extent.

In the appended claims it will be understood that the -relatively lower rate of speed at which the tool is said to move in advancing the forging through the rolls which contract the forging radially, is, in actual practice, the normal metal s, comprising a tool for finishing the interior i the forging, means axially aligned with said tool for radially contracting the forging about I said tool, means for advancing said tool into a. preformed cavity in :said forging at a relatively high rate of speed, means for advancing said tool and the forging'through said contracting I means at a relatively lower rate of speed,.said

I I high speed means being carried by said low speed meansfor relative movement with respect thereto and for concurrent movement therewith, and

means for locking said high speed means and said low speed means togetherrfor said concurrent movement. v

2. Apparatus for use in making hollow forgings, comprising a tool for finishing the interior of the forging, means axially aligned with said 1 tool for radially contracting and longitudinally l elongating the forging about said tool, means for 3 advancing said tool into aprefor'med cavity in said forging at a relatively high rate of speed, means for advancing said tool and the forging through said contracting means at a relatively lower rate of speed, said high speed means being carried by said low speed means for relative movement with respect thereto and for concurrent movement therewith, and means for locking said high speed means and'said low speed means f together for said concurrent movement.

3. Apparatus for use in making hollow forgings, comprising a tool for finishing the interior of the forging, means axially aligned withsaid tool for radially contracting and longitudinally elongating the forging about said tool, means for advancing said tool into a preformed cavity in said forging and for retracting said tool at a 1 relatively high rate of speed, means for advancing said tool and the forging through said contracting means .at a relatively lower rate of speed, said high speedmeans being carried by said low speed means for relative movement with respect thereto and for movement concurrently therewith, means for locking said high speed means and said low speed means together for said concurrent movement, and meansfor stripping the forging from said tool, during said retraction thereof.

4. Apparatus for use in making hollowvforgings comprising a reciprocable element operable under relatively high power at relatively low j speed, a second'reciprocable element carried by i the first said reciprocable element and operable under relatively lower power at relatively higher speed than the first said reciprocable element,

a forging tool carried by said second reciprocable 3 element, and means axially aligned with said tool for cooperation therewith for working a forging therebetween byoperation of said reciprocable 1 elements.

5. Apparatus for use in making hollow forgings comprising a reciprocable element operable under relatively high power at relatively low speed. a second reciprocable element carried by the first-said reciprocable elementand operable under relatively lower power at relatively higher speed than 'the first said reciprocable element, means for lockingsaid'reciprocable elements together for concurrent movement thereof after predetermined movement of the one relative to the other, a forging tool carried by said second reciprocable element, and means axially aligned j with said tool for cooperation therewith for work- 1 ing a forging therebetween by operation of said reciprocable elements.

6. Apparatus for use in making hollow forgings comprisinga reciprocable element operable -under relatively high power at relatively low speed, asecond reciprocable element carried by the first said reciprocable element and operable under relatively lower power at relatively higher speed than the first said reciprocable element,-

means carried by the first said reciprocable ele- -ment for effecting engagement with the secondsaid reciprocable element after, predetermined high speed movement of the second relative to the first of said elements in one direction to effect concurrent low speed movement thereof in said direction and permitting subsequent relative high speed movement of the second said element relative to the first said element, a forging tool carried by said second reciprocable element, and

means axially aligned with said tool for cooperation therewith for working a forging therebetween by operation of said reciprocable elements.

7. Apparatus for use in making hollow forgings, comprising a reciprocable ram operable in tool carried by said rod, and means axially a stationary cylinder, a reciprocable piston operable in a cylinder carried by and movable with said ram, a rod connected to said piston and projecting beyond said movable cylinder, a forging aligned with said rod for cooperation with said tool for working a forging upon operation of said piston and said ram.

8. Apparatus for use in'making hollow forgings, comprising a reciprocable ram operable in a stationary cylinder, a reciprocable piston operablein a cylinder carried by and movable with said ram, a rod connected to said piston and prolecting beyond said movable cylinder, a shoul-,

der carried by said rod, a shoulder carried by said ram, means for ,efi'ecting abutting engagement between said shoulders after predetermined movement of said rod relative to said ram in one direction, a forging tool carried by said rod, and means axially aligned with said rod for cooperation with said tool for working a forging upon operation of said piston and said ram.

9. Apparatus for-use in making hollow forgings, comprising a reciprocable ram operable in 'a stationary cylinder, a reciprocable piston operable in a cylinder carried by and movable with said ram, a rod connected to said piston and projecting beyond said movable cylinder, a shoulder carried by'said r'od, a shoulder carried by said ram, means for effecting abutting engagement between said shoulders after predetermined movement of said rod relative to said ram in one direction and affording subsequent free movement of said rod relative to said ram in said direction, a. forging tool carried by said rod, and

means axially aligned with said rod for cooperation with said tool for working a forging upon operation of said piston and said ram.

10. Apparatus for use in making hollow forgings, comprising a reciprocable ram operable in a stationary cylinder, a reciprocable piston operable in a cylinder carried by and movable with.

than said tool initially formed in said iorsing.

means axially aligned with saidtool providing a throat of lesser dimensions than the cross-sectional outside measurements of said forging for radially contracting and longitudinally elongataaeaooa mensions than the cross-sectional outside dimensions of the forging for radially contracting and longitudinally elongating said forging about said tool, the faces of the rolls of one series being arranged in overlapping relation to the faces of the rolls of the other series and means providing differential speeds for the movement of said tool into said cavity .and in passing said forging ing said forging about said tool. and means in- I eluding two coaxiallyrelatively movable elements providing differential speed for the movement of said tool in entering said cavity and in advancing said forging through said throat.

12. Apparatus for use in making hollow forgings, comprising a tool for finishing the interior of a forging and adapted to freely enter an initial cavity of greater cross-sectional measurements than said-tool initially formed in said forging, a series of rolls having concave faces disposed on lines radiating from the axis of said tool and collectively forming a throat of lesser dimensions than the cross-sectional outside measurements of said forging for radially contracting and longitudinally elongating said forging about said tool and means providing differential speeds for the movement of said tool in entering said cavity and in .advancing said forging through said throat.

13. Apparatus for use in making hollow forgings, comprising a tool for finishing the interior of a forging and adapted to freely enter an initial cavity 'of greater cross-sectional measurements than said tool initially formed in said forging.

on lines radiating from the axis of said tool and series collectively forming a throat of lesser dimensions than the cross-sectional outside dimensions of the forging for radially contracting and longitudinally elongating said forging about said tool. the faces of the rolls of one series being arranged in overlapping relation to the faces of the rolls of the other series, and means providing differential speeds for the movement of said tool into said cavity and in passing said forging throught said throat. v

14. Apparatus for use in making hollow forgings, comprising a tool for finishing the interior of a forging and adapted to freely enter an initial cavity of greater cross-sectional measurements than said tool initially formed in said forging, two series of rolls having concave faces disposed on linesradiating from the axis of said tool and series collectively forming a throat of, lesser dithrough said throat and means beyond the second series of rolls for stripping the finished forging from said tool upon retraction thereof.

15. Apparatus for use in making hollow forgings. comprising a tool for finishing the interior of a forging and adapted to freely enter an initial cavity of greater cross-sectional measurements than said tool initially formed in said forging, means axially aligned with said tool providing a throat oi lesser dimensions than the cross-sectional outside measurements of said forging for radially contracting and longitudinally elongating said forging about said tool, means in axial alignment with and located beyond said throat for marking said forging upon its release from said throat, and means including two coaxially relatively movable elements respectively providing differential speeds for the movement of said tool in entering said cavity and' in-advancing said forging through said throat and for impinging said forging against said marking means upon completion of the passage of said forging through said throat.

16. Apparatus for use inmaking hollow forgings, vcomprising a tool for finishing the interior of a forging and adapted to freely enter an initial cavity of greater cross-sectional measurements than said tool initially formed in said. forging, means axially aligned with said tool providing a throat of lesser dimensions than the cross-sectional outside measurements of said forging for radially contracting and longitudinally elongating said forging about said tool, means in axial alignment with and located beyond said throat for marking said forging upon its release from said throat, and means providing quick movement of said tool in entering said cavity relatively slower movement in advancing said forging through said throat and renewed quick movement for impinging said forging against said marking means upon completion of the passage of said forging through said throat, said quicker pingement, and means for stripping the forging from the tool duringsaid retractive movement thereof.

LEROY LAYTON.

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