US2246554A - Buffing compound - Google Patents

Description

Patented June 24, 1941 BUFFING COMPOUND Robert V. Twyning, Grand Rapids, Mich, assignor to J. C. Miller Company, Grand Rapids, Mich., a corporation of Michigan No Drawing. Application February 27, 1939,

Serial No. 258,734

5 Claims. (Cl. 51-305) This invention relates to buffing compounds such a are used in practice upon the outer surfaces of fabric bufling and. polishing wheels.

- Such bufling compounds include essentially an abrasive and a binder therefor. Heretofore in order to get suitable properties and qualities for the binder it has been common to use several ingredients, ranging many times as high as six ingredients, though the average composition has had three or four of such ingredients. The melting temperature of the binder is one factor which must be taken into consideration, the easy removal or cleaning of the bufiing composition from the surface of the buffed work is another important factor. And of course commercially an important and controlling factor is the cost of materials.

glycerides have been removed. The distillation v r is made at a high temperature with the use of dry super-heated steam, but the residue which heretofore in many cases ha been largely a waste product, though meltable at a temperature less than the temperature of the super-heated steam used, does not evaporate and volatize as 'do the stearic acid and glycerides.

The stearin pitch which I have found most suitable for the binder and bufling compounds,

.in its composition has a total of 73% fatty acids of which 14.6% are free fatty acids. The unsaponiflable material varies between 5 and 10% though I have had samples of the stearin pitch thus derived from. hydrogenation and distillation of animal fats wherein the unsaponifiable content was less than 2%. The very highamount of saponifiable material is of valu in the operatlon of cleaning or removing from the fabric of the buffing wheels, using an alkaline cleaning solution, which combines with the saponifiable material to produce soap which is not only easily washed away but itself is a cleanser.

The melting point 'of the stearin pitch thus produced is relatively high and the most melting point preferred is approximately 81 or 82 C. Such melting point is higher than in binders normally used for bulfing compositions, in fact it is approximately twice the temperature of melting of the present binders. Such high melting point greatly increases the efficiency of the bufiing composition and helps against wear on the buffing wheel. The face of the wheel to which the buffing composition is applied is harder and firmer and is plastic, considerably reducing bufling wear by protecting the fabric and greatly reducing or eliminating threading of the bufing fabric.

The cost of the stearin pitch binder is approximately one-third the cost of present binders intended for the same purpose. With the binder there may be readily mixed the usual abrasive or bufling materials. Tripolis in finely ground or divided state may be thoroughly mixed with the stearin pitch binder when it is in melted form. It is one property or result of this binding material that the bufiing composition of the stearin pitch binder and. tripolis applied to a buffing wheel is free from the undesirable result of "burning" die castings even under excessive pressures, this being a marked improvement over most of the present binders.

The stearin pitch binder is also applicable to all bufilng compositions. It can be used as the sole binder and it can also be added to binders including several ingredients, and dependent upon the quantity of stearin pitch used which may vary between 15% to of the entire hinder, the melting temperature may be regu lated between somewhat above the .low melting temperature of present binders and the high melting temperatures, approximately twice as much, of the tearin pitch. This is of impor-v tance in many cases in connection with different materials which are to be buffed and polished and which may be best polished with a binder which is meltable at a particular and specific temperature.

The bufling composition which I have made;

when the binder consists solely of the stearin pitch, will vary between ratios of abrasive to binder ofapproximately 1.8 parts of abrasive to one of binder a the minimum, and increasing with certain binders to as high as six parts of abrasive to one of binder, particularly where the pitch as the residue left or derived from hydrogenation or distillation of animal fats is preferred for the hinder, the pitch residue left from the treatment to remove theessential fatty acids from cotton seed oil or other vegetable oils is also available, particularly when mixed with the stearin pitch derived from animal fats. The term stearin pitch is also to be considered as inclusive of marine pitch, derived from fish oil, and various other pitches which are derived from. animal orvegetable fats. But the residue left from the distillation of mineral oils, for example asphaltum pitch or from crude oil distillation are of no utility and have no application herein.

' stearin pitch as a binder may also be used for a composition for polishing wheels, in which the composition contains greases and oils rather than abrasive material. With my invention as high as 80% of the composition may consist of stearin pitch, the remaining 20% being greases or oils which are intermingled with and held together by the pitch, and the composition will have strength and rigidity so that it can be formed into suitable sticks to be pressed against the polishing wheel and adhere thereto. The binder, stearin pitch, may be reduced below 80% and in some cases as low as 40% of the total composition. But in the event that the pitch used is very greatly reduced or if it is reduced below 40%, the solidity and rigidity which the pitch gives to the composition must be helped by the use of stearic acid, with consequent greater cost. But my invention contemplates the production of bufiing or polishing compounds through the utilization of stearin pitch, either as the sole binding ingredient or the use thereof in varying quantities with other well-known ingredients now commonly used for binders.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim. and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A bufiing, compound comprising finely divided abrasive material and a binder therefor of stearin pitch, said pitch being the residue remaining after the hydrogenation and distillation of animal or vegetable fats to remove stearic acid and glycerides.

2. A bufiing compound comprising finely divided abrasive material and a stearin pitch binder which has more than 90% thereof saponifiable.

3. A bufling compound comprising a finely divided abrasive material adapted for bufiing and polishing operations upon metal or the like, and a binder therefor solid at temperatures well above atmospheric temperatures, said binder including stearin pitch produced as a residue remaining after the hydrogenation and distillation of animal fats or vegetable oils, as specified.

4. A compound of the class described comprising, a binder of stearin pitch and metal bufiing or polishing material incorporated with and bound together by said pitch.

5. A compound of the class described comprising, finely divided abrasive material with stearin pitch as a binder and greases and oils disseminated therethrough and bound together thereby, for the purposes described.

ROBERT V. TWYNING