US2246515A - Compressor - Google Patents

Description

Jun 24, 1941. J HE|NR|CH ET AL 2,246,515

coMPREssdR Filed May 25, 1938 7 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS JOHANN HEINRICH Eves/v SP/LGE ATTORNEYS June 24, 1941.

- J. HEINRICH ETAL 2,246,515

COMPRESSOR Filed May 25, 1938 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig. 12.

INVENTORS JOHANN HEINRICH [fuss/v SP/LGEP BY k ATTORNEYS June 24,- 1941.

J. HEINRICH ETAL 246,515

COMPRESSOR I Filed May 25, 1938 7 Sheets-Sheet s Fig. 4. F3 5. 00 4 [L f 4 JOHAm'zm CH EUGEN SPILGER ATTORNEYS Jun e 24 ,v 1941.

J. HEINRICH ET AL ,515 COMPRESSOR Filed May 25, 1938 Fg'g. 15.

7 Sheets-Sheet 4 30 kllIll- INVENTORS 40 v JoHANN HEINRICH EUGEN ISPILGEE BY Wk 4% ATTORNEYS June 24, 1941. N 2,246,515

COMPRESSOR Filed May 25, 1938 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 F g. 1e.

INVENTORS JOHANN HEINKICH EUGEN 5PIL 65/? 1!; ATTORNEYS June 24, 1941. v J. HVEINRICH ET AL 2,246,515

COMPRESSOR Filed May 25, 1958 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVEN ORS JOHANN E/NR/CH B EUGEN SP/LGEE ATTORNEYS June 24, J. HElNRlcH ETAL COMPRESSOR 7 Filed May 25, 1958 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 i c/ a0 INVENTORS JOHANN HEINRICH EUGEN SP/LGER 4' ATTORNEYS Patented June 24,1941

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE wi les Johann Heinrich and Eugen Spilger, Berlinirmc'rm'shmiumae:

Handelsgesellschatt m. b. 11., Berlin, Germany, a limited liability company of Germany Application May 25, 1938, Serial No. 209,938 In y August 1, 1936 i Claims. (Cl. 230-423) This invention relates to means for carrying out a gradual and exact regulation of pistoncompressors and refers more particularly to dehave an auxiliary piston which is connected with i the suction valve and which is subjected to a certain pressure, preferably, the pressure of the medium which has just been compressed. In

such piston-compressors, the suction valve re-" mains open during a part of the compression stroke, so that a portion of the sucked-in medium is removed from the compression chamber by the motion of the piston until the suction valve is closed. The fluid remainlngin the compressionchamber is then compressed to the final pressure. The suction valve closes at the time when the pressure upon the auxiliary piston, which drops during the suction and the compressionstrokes, becomes equal to the pressureto which the suction valve is subjected while the fluid is flowing out. i

The pressure exerted .upon the auxiliary piston drops slowly, so that a diagram representing this pressure consists of a comparatively shallow curve. This is due to the fact that when the amount of the medium supplied to the compressor is small, the conduits and spaces connected with the compression chamber, 1. e. with the interior of the cylinder, are not filled to capacity; furthermore, a comparatively long time is necessaryto remove the medium from the space adjacent the auxiliary piston used for operating the suction valve.

The diagram of the pressure exerted upon the suction valve also consists of a shallow curve. The section point of these two curves represents the time of closing of the suction valve. Due to particularly inconvenient for the regulation of compressors for refrigerating plants, wherein the amount of fluid determines the output of the plant. Y

An object of the present invention is the provision of a regulating device for piston-compressors by means of which theamount of the compressed fluid can be very minutely and exactly regulated.

Other objects will be apparent in the course of the following specification.

In accordance with the present invention the compressor is provided with a sensitive steering device which supplies a pressure medium to the auxiliary piston. The device comprises arotary valve or slide valve which is situated in a regulating conduit leading to the suction valve and transmitting the pressure medium. The valve regulates the admission of the pressure medium in accordance with the movement of the compressor piston. While the pressure medium flowing through the regulating conduit may be supplied from any source, it is advisable to utilize for that purpose a portion of the medium compressed by the compressor ltseli, said portion being removed either from a storage container or from the outflow conduit of the compressor plant. The rotary valve may be connected with the main shaft oithe compressor or it may constitute a part 01' that shaft; it comprises a member having a passage extending transversely to the direction of the main shaft; the member rotates within a sleeve which is provided with admission and exit openings. These openings are so located that they coincide with the passage iormed in the member or in the main shaft, preferably, in a dead end position of the main piston of the compressor..

The regulation of the flow of the medium toward the suction valve may be still further improved and-adapted to various operating conditions by means set forth in the following detailed description and illustrated in. the accompanying drawings showing, byway of example,

preferred embodiments of the inventive idea.

In the drawings;

Figure 1 shows a vertical compressor con- Figure 4 illustrates diagrammatically a compressor having a somewhat different rotary valve.

Figure 5 is similar to Figure 4 and shows the same compressor in a diiierent position.-

Figure 6 is a section through a portion of the main shaft of the compressor shown in Figures -4and5. 1

Figure 7 is anagram illustrating the pressure in Figures 4.5 and 6.

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic showing of the compressor shown in Figure 1 with a different arrangement of the rotary slide valve.

Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating the pressure in the regulating conduit in thecase of the arrangement illustrated in Figure 8.

Figure 10 illustrates diagrammatically a compressor with a somewhat difierent valve.

Figure 11 is a section through a portion of the compressor shown in Figure 10.

Figure 12 is a diagram showing the pressure in the regulating conduit of the compressor illustrated in Figures 10 and 11.

Figure 13 shows a piston-compressor having a rotary slide valve.

Figure 14 is a section along the line I4--I4 of Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a section along the line I5-I5 of Figure 13.

Figure 16 shows in side elevation a compressor having a swinging or oscillating valve.

Figure 17 is a top view of the compressor shown in Figure 16.

Figure 18 shows on a larger scale the mecha nism which operates the swinging valve of the compressor shown in Figures 16 and 1'7.

Figure 19 is a section along the line I9I9 of Figure 18.

Figure 20 is a view along the line 2020 of Figure 19.

Figure 21 is a section along the line 2I2I of 'Figure 19, and shows the position of the swinging valve when the compressor is running empty. Figure 22 is similar to Figure 21 and showing the position of the swinging valve when the compressor is operating at full load; and

Figure 23 illustrates a straight-current singleacting compressor having a swinging valve regulation.

The compressor shown in Figures 1 and 8 of the drawings is the vertical type and is provided with a main shaft I3, one bearing end of which constitutes the rotary valve.

However, a separate rotary valve may be fixed to the bearing end of the shaft, or be driven by the shaft.

The compressor. is provided with a cylinder I enclosing the compression chamber I. A piston I BI is movable within the cylinder IIlI and is connected by the rods I02 and I03 with the main shaftl3. The shaft I3 is supported by bearings carried by the casing I04 and is connected with a flywheel I05. Any suitable mechanism not shown in the drawings may be used for the purpose of driving the shaft I3 and thereby causing the piston IBI to reciprocate within the cylinder I00.

The medium to be compressed is supplied to the compression chamber I by means of the suction conduit 8, which leads into the suction chamber 5. The suction chamber may communicate with the compression chamber I by means of a passage I06, which is closed by means of the suction valve 2. The suction valve 2 is connected by a rod It" with an auxiliary piston 3, which is reciprocable within the cylinder 4 for the auxiliary piston and is used for opening and closing the,. valve 2.

The compressed medium flows out of the chamber I through the passage I08, which is closed by the pressure valve 1. When the pressure valve 1 is opened, the passage I08 connects the compression chamber I with the pressure chamber 8.

The compressed fluid is removed from the chamber B through the pressure conduit 9, which may lead to a. container II for the compressed medium.

The container II carries one end of a pipe I9, the opposite end of which is in communication with an opening I8 formed in a casing H which encloses one end of the shaft I3 and which is connected with the main casing I04. The casing Il may constitute a bearing for the shaft I3.

Another opening 20 formed in the casing I1 is in communication with a pipe I0, which leads to the interior of the auxiliary cylinder 4 and which carries a regulating device, such as a throttle valve I2,

The shaft I3 is provided with a passage 23, which consists of an axial central portion communicating with two radial end portions. In view of this arrangement, the openings I8 and 20 communicate with the passage 23 only once in the course of one complete revolution of the shaft I3. The positions of these openings must be correspondingly shifted in relation to each other.

A narrow branch pipe I5 connects the pipe IO with the suction conduit 6 and is used for the purpose of gradually reducing the pressure within the cylinder 4.

The position of the passage 23 and of the openings I8 and 20 is such that the passage123 coincides with these openings and establishes a connection between the pipes I9 and I0 approximately in one of the two dead end positions of the main piston IM.

As soon as this connection is established, the compressed medium flows through the pipe I9,

the opening I8 in the casing II, the passage 23 amount of the compressed medium reaching the cylinder 4.

However, the regulating device I2 may be operated automatically, depending upon the pressure in the container or the output of the plant.

The major portion of the compressed medium flows into the cylinder 4 and fills the cylinder. The shaft I3 continues its rotary motion, thereby interrupting the connection between the pipes I9 and I0. During that time, a portion of the compressed medium contained in the pipe I0 and the cylinder 4 flows gradually through the pipe I5 into the suction pipe 6, so that the pressure in the container 4 drops gradually. The amount of time required to cause a predetermineddrop in pressure depends, obviously, upon the crosssection of the pipe I5.

It is possible to determine the required rate of the drop in pressure in advance and to provide that rate by using a pipe E5 of suitable dimensions. On the other hand, it is possible to use a throttle valve I09 for varying the operative crosssection of the pipe I5.

As soon as a sufficient amount of the compressed medium has flown through the pipe I5 and the pressure in the auxiliary cylinder 4 behind the piston 3 has dropped to such an extent,

that it is overcome by the draw-out pressure upon the valve 2 in the course of the compression stroke. of the piston MI, thesuetion valve 2 is closed automatically. This enables the piston IM to compress the medium remaining in the compression chamber-I to the desired extent, whereupon the valve "I is opened by the pressure of the compressed medium, which then flows out of the chamber I through the passage I08 and the chamber 8 to the conduit 9.

In order to have an exact and minute regulation, it is important that the compressed medium should be supplied to the interior of the cylinder 4 behind the auxiliary piston 3, not at the end of the compression stroke of the piston IBI, but somewhat later, namely, in the course of the suction stroke of the piston IIlI. Then the drop in pressure, which continues until the two pressures acting upon the opposite sides of the device 2, 3 are equalized, takes place in the shortest possible time. Furthermore, then the ratio of the drop in pressure to the time. is greater than would have been the case if the auxiliary cylinder 4 were filled with the compressed medium only in the course of the compression stroke.

This is illustrated in the diagrams shown in Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings. Figure 2 .illustrates theworking diagram of a compressor operating with a predetermined amount of the compressed medium. Figure 3 is a diagram illusltratingvariations in pressure in the pipe I and the interior of the cylinder 4, .i. e. the pressure acting upon the auxiliary piston 3. The point at which the interior of the cylinder 4 starts to be filled with the compression medium is indicated by the letter A in'Figure 2 and by the letter a in Figure 3. As shown in Figure 3, the pressure in the conduit Ill and within the cylinder 4 is rapidly increased while the conduit I0 is connected'to the pipe it, so that the curve 0 rises from the point a to the point e. Then the piston I III .is situated in the position shown in Figure 1. At the point c, after the end of the compression stroke, the connection between the pipes I9 and I0 is interrupted. Then, in the course of the suction stroke, the pressure drops gradually, and it continues to drop in the course of the following compression stroke of the main piston.

. The curve it represents the draw-out pressure acting upon the suction valve 2. The point s in Figure 3 represents the section point between the curves to and 0. At the points, the pressure acting at that moment upon the auxiliary piston 3 when multiplied by the operative area of that piston is equal to the draw-out pressure acting upon the valve 2 multiplied by the operative surface of the valve. The 'section point s determines the moment at which the suction valve 2 is closed, since at the moment the two pressures are equalized. It is apparent that the angle a at which the curve 0 representing the drop in pressure acting upon'the auxiliary piston 3 and the curve to representing the draw-out pressure acting upon the valve 2, intersect each other is comparatively large, so that it is'possible to avoid all inaccuracies and to determine exactly the time of the closing of the suction valve 2.

The compressor illustrated in Figures 4, 5, and

6 of the drawings is substantially similar in construction to that shown in Figure 1, the same parts beingdesignated by the same numerals. In the constructions shown in Figures 4', '5, 8 and 10, the throttle valve I30 is carried by the pipe I 9.

An important distinction between the-compressor shown in Figure 1 and the compressor shown in Figures 4 to 6 is that the latter comprises a main shaft H0 having a' transverse passhaft, so that the two openings III and I I 2 which are connected with the pipes I 9 and I0, respectively, are situated diametrically opposite each other. Therefore, the rotary valve, which is constituted by that portion of the shaft I I0 which is provided with the passage I6, is operated in synchronism by the shaft. The connection of the pipe I 9 with the pipe I I3 is established twice in the course'of one complete revolution of the shaft a fresh supply of compressed medium raises the a pressure within the cylinder 4, as represented by the curve (12,62. sion stroke, the pressure drops again until the point a; is reached. It is apparent that the curve 0 intersects the curve w at the point a. at an angle oil, which is even greater than the angle a of Figure 3, so that this construction appears to be more advantageous than the one illustrated in Figure 1.

It is also possible to retain the construction shown in Figure 1 and to adjust the position of the shaft I3 with reference to the openings It and" in such manner that the connection between the pipes I9 and II] is established at the.

Figures 10 and 11 comprises a shaft i it, which is provided with an oblique passage 2!. As illustrated in the diagram shown in Figure 12, the arrangement is such that the connection between the pipes I9 and it is established approidmatelyf in the middle of the suction stroke, so that in this case also the pressure within the cylinder 4 drops sufficiently rapidly and the curves 0 and intersect each other at a sufficiently great angle to enable an exact regulation of the closing period of the suction valve.

The subjectmatter of the present invention is not limited to the operation of suction valves of single stage and multistage compressors of the usual type. Figures 13 to 15 illustrate a vertical compressor provided with a main piston H4, which carries the suction valve 26 andis provided with a separate auxiliary valve 25. The use of such auxiliary valves is described in detail in the patent to'Johann Heinrich, No. 2,172,751, dated September 12, 1939. The piston I I4 is reciprocated within the cylinder H5 and is connected by the rod II6 with the main shaft 30. Th uxiliary valve it is connected by a rod Ill with a piston 21 which is reciprocated within the auxiliary cylinder 43. The piston 21 cooperates with a spring 44, which surrounds a portion of the rod III.

A portion of the shaft 3!] is enclosed by a casing 29, which is connected with the main casing 28 of the compressor. I

As shown in Figures 14 is provided with an axial passage 3|, one end 01' sage I6 which extends diametrically across the 4 Inthe course of the compres-f and 15, the shaft to which is connected with the radial passage or bore-hole 32. A regulating sleeve 34 encloses this portion of the shaft 33 and is carried by the casing 29.

As shown in Figure 14, the space IIB between the shaft 30 and the inner walls of the casing 23 is longer than the sleeve 34, so that the sleeve 34 may be moved axially within the space I I8. The movement of the sleeve 34 is carried out by means of the spindle 35 and the arms 36, which engage the outer surfaces of the sleeve 34. The spindle 35 is carried by a cover H9 which is connected with the casing 29. A spring I20 is used for the purpose of returning the spindle 35 into its original position.

. As shown more clearly in Figure 15, the sleeve 34 is provided with a wedge-like triangular opening 31 which increases in one direction.

The. main cylinder I I is provided with the outflow valve I2! and a compression chamber 33.

I The passage I22 is used for the removal of the compressed medium. One end of the pipe 33 is connected with the chamber 38, while the opposite end of this pipe is in communication with an opening I23 formed in the cover I I9.

The casing 29 is provided with an opening H I A branch pipe 43, which carries a throttle valve 41, connects the chamber 45 provided in the cylinder II 5 with the pipe 42. The operation of the device is as follows:

A portion of the'compressed fluid within the chamber 38 flows through the pipe 39 into the chamber 40 enclosed by the cover I I9 and fills the passages 3| and 32 formed in the shaft 30. In the position illustrated in Figure 14, the sleeve 34 interrupts the connection between the passage 32 and the opening 4 I.

When the sleeve 34 is so shifted by means of the spindle 35 that its opening 31 establishes a communication between the passage 32 formed in the shaft and the passage 4| formed in the casing 28. then the compressed medium contained in the chamber 4 will flow through the passages 3I and 32 of the shaft 30, the opening 31 of the sleeve 34, and the passage 4| of the casing 29, reaching the pipe 42 and the interior of the auxiliary cylinder 43.

The compressed medium within the cylinder 43 will move the piston 21, thereby compressing the spring 44 and opening the valve 25 to establish a connection between the interior of: the cylinder I I5 and the chamber 45.

The auxiliary valve 25 is so arranged that it is above the piston H3 in the upper dead-end position of the piston, since otherwise it would be impossible to regulate the compressor when it is running empty.

In the position shown in Figures 13 and 14, no connection is established between the pipes 39 and 42, so that the valve 25 does not open at all, and the compressor is operated at full capacity.

If it is desired to reduce the amount of the medium compressed by the compressor, then the spindle is actuated to shift the sleeve 36 axially until the opening 33 in the sleeve 34 is placed between the opening 3| which is in communication with the pipe 42, and the passage 32 within the shaft 33.

a The triangular form of the Opening 37 formed in the sleeve 33 determinesthe period of time at which the auxiliary valve 25 is closed. The presthe piston 21 connected to the valve 25 at a time which depends upon the position of the passage 31 in reference to the passages 32 and M. It is advisable to fill the auxiliary cylinder 43 only at the beginning of the compression stroke to prevent the occurrence of suction in the passage I3l of the valve 25, since this would violate the principle of straight current which the operation of the compressor should follow.

The auxiliary valve is closed in the course of the suction stroke of the piston H4, since the spring 44 situated within the auxiliary cylinder 43 is stronger than the spring which actuates the suction valve 23 carried by the piston I I4.

It is apparent that the moment of the closing of the auxiliary valve 25 depends upon the time required by the compressed medium to flow from the pipe 42 through the pipe 46 and the throttle valve 41 to the chamber 45.

From the chamber 45, the returning compressed medium flows directly to the suction chamber 49 of the compressor.

The compressor shown in Figures 16 to 22 has a different device for regulating the flow of the compressed medium, to the suction valve or the auxiliary valve, namely, the compressor is provided with a regulating valve, which carries out a swinging rotary movement. I

The compressor is a double-operating one, so that eachside of the cylinder is provided with three suction valves Wand a corresponding number of compression valves 5 I As in the previously described constructions,

the suction valves are connected with auxiliary '58 of the compressor which is used for the removal of the compressed medium is also connected with the pipe 53 through the regulating device 58 and the pipe 51.

The regulating device 56 consists of two swinging rotary slide valves or sleeves 60, each of which regulates the amount of the compressed medium flowing to the suction valves 50 situated at one side of the main piston.

The valves 60 are operated by a steering lever system 6i, which is directly connected to the cross-head of the compressor which is not shown in the drawings.

Each swinging valve 60 is hollow and is carried within a regulating sleeve SI which is provided with an opening 62 for the introduction of the compressed medium. The opening 82 cooperates with the edges 63 of the hollow valve 60.

As shown in Figure 19, each valve 63 is connected by means of the openings ,64 with an annular chamber 65 formed within the casing 68. The auxiliary conduit 51, which is connected with the pressure conduit 58 of the compressor is in communication with the annular chamber 65. Therefore, the compressed medium penetrates the chamber 61 enclosed by the valve 60 and as soon as the openings 62 and 69 are in communication with each other, it can pass through the pipe 53 which is connected to the annular chamber Iii of the casing 66 behind the auxiliary pistons of the suction valves 50.

Due to the pressure of the compressed medipart of the compression stroke; namely, they re.

. smaller than-the pressure of the flowing medium which is exerted upon the operative surfaces 01' the suction valves 58.

As already mentioned, the crosshead of the compressor -actuates the valve 68 by means of the lever system 6!; As shown in Figure 18, this lever system comprises a fork 13 (Figure 18) which'is movably mounted upon the pin of the crosshead and which is linked with the bearing spindle I! (Figure 19) of each valve 68 by means of the levels 14, I8, and I8. Therefore, each valve 80 carries out an oscillatory or swinging movement in the course of the reciprocation of the main piston of the compressor.

The moment at which the compressed medium begins to flow into the chamber behind the auxiliary pistons of the suction valves 58 is determined by adjusting the regulating sleeve BL' The sleeve BI is supported in the casing 86 by means of a hearing spindle 88. The spindle 80 carries a crank 8|, which is provided with a pin 82. The pin 82 is situated within the fork 83, which are shown in Figures 19 and 20. The fork .83 is connected with a yoke 85 which is adjustable by means of a spindle II. By shifting or adjusting the yoke 85, the position of theregulating opening it can be changed "with reference to the edges 53 of the valve 88,- thereby changing the time at which the compressed medium situated in the chamber Bl is cut off from the suction valves ti.

Figure 21 shows the positions of'the sleeves enclosing therotary valves at the time when the compressor is operated without performing any useful work. Then the chamber 61 is always connected with the opening 82 of the regulating sleeve iii by means of the-opening 69 of the valve it, so that the chamber 61 remains in connection with the space behind the suction valves.

.Therefore, in this position the auxiliary pistons of the suction valves 50 are constantly subjected to the pressure of the compressed medium, so that the suction valves 50 will not be closed.

constructions. 'l'he'adjustment of this sleeve depending upon the pressure of the condenser, so that the amount of the compressed medium will be automatically adjusted depending upon the refrigerating capacity.

Single-acting compressors also can be regulated in the described manner. A compressor of this type is illustrated inFigure 23 of the drawings, said compressor operating upon the uniform flow principle and being provided with a suction valve 26 which is carried by the piston Ill. As already mentioned, in such compressors the adjustment of the amount of the compressed medium is carried out by means of an auxiliary valve 25. The construction is substantially similar to that shown in Figure 13, with the exception that the amount of compressed medium supplied to the auxiliary cylinder 83 is regulated by means of a swinging rotary slide valve of the type illustrated in Figure 19 and comprising a rotary valve body 60 which swings within the steering sleeve 86, depending uponthe reciprocation of the piston H4. The valve 60 is driven by means or a crank 80, which is connected to the bearing spindle of the valve 60 by lever 9|. The steering sleeve 6i may be operated by a device similar to that disclosed in Figures 19 shown above have been given by way of illus trationand notby way of limitation. The structures above described are not necessarily applicable only to piston-compressors for cooling plants but are subject to wide variation and modifica tion without departing from the scope or intent The position of the valves at the time when the compressor is operated at full capacity is illustratedin Figure 22. In that position, the compressed medium situated in the chamber 61 cannot reach the suction valves, since the regulating opening 62 is in such position that it will not provide'a communication with the opening 69 of the invention. For example, these structures can be used for any type of compression of air or other gases. All of such variations are to he included Within thescope of the present invention. What is claimed is:

1. In a compressor having a cylinder, 9. main piston reciprocable within said cylinder, a shaft operatively connected with said piston, a valve communicating with the'initerior of said cylinder, and an, auxiliary piston operatively connected with said valve; said shaft comprising a, bearing spindle having a borehole formed therein; means supplying a pressure medium to said hore hole in a. predetermined position of said shaft, and

of the valve 88. Therefore, in this position the v a suction valves of the compressors will operate normally.

Of course, the regulating sleeve it may asslime any number of positions which lie between the extreme positions illustratedin Figures 21 and 22. Depending upon these positions, the period of time at which the valves 58 will beopened will be changed depending upon how soon the I supply 01 the compressed medium to the auxiliary pistons connected with the suction valves I is interrupted.

The adiustment of the valves 60 is easily possible byproviding a scale upon the adjusting spindle 84 of the casing carrying the steering sleeve 8! and by providing a pointeror indicator 86 upon the yoke 85, which is adjustable by means of the spindle 84.

Qbviously, the steering sleeve 6! need not be L adjusted by hand, as is the casein the described means supplying said medium from said bore hole to said auxiliary piston in said position 01' the shaft, "whereby the supply of said medium to-said auxiliary piston depends upon themovemerits of the reciprocable main piston.

2. A regulating device for a compressor having a cylinder, a main piston reciprocahle within said cylinder, a, shaft operatively connected with said piston, a valve communicating with the interior of said cylinder, and'an auxiliary piston operatively connected with said valve; said regulating device comprising movable means operatively connected with said shaft and constituting apassage extending diametrically in relation to said shaft and at right angles to the longitudinal axis thereof, means supplying a pressure medium to said passage in a predetermined position of the first-mentioned means, and means supplying said medium from said passage to said I auxiliary piston in said position of the first-memtioned means,- whereby the supply of said medium to said auxiliary awn depends upon the means of an oscillating at right angles to the longitudinal axis of said shaft, the two passages being in communication with each other; means supplying a pressure medium to one of said passages in a. predetermined position of said shaft. means supplying said medium from the other one of said passages to said auxiliary piston in said position of the shaft, whereby the supply of said medium to said auxiliary piston depends upon the movements of the reciprocable main piston, and a sleeve mounted upon said shaft and movable axially relatively thereto to interrupt the communication between one'of said means and said passages.

4. In a compressor having a cylinder, a. main piston reciprocable within said cylinder, a shaft operatively connected with said piston, a valve communicating with the interior of said cylinder, and an auxiliary piston operatively connected with said valve: said shaft having an axial passage formed therein and another passage which is also formed in said shaft and which extends at right angles to the longitudinal axis of said shaft, the two passages being in communication with each other; means supplying a pressure medium to one of said passages in a predetermined position of said shaft, means supplying said medium from the other one of said passages to said auxiliary piston in said position of the shaft,

whereby the supply of said medium to said auxiliary piston depends upon the movements of the reciprocable main piston, and a sleeve mounted upon said shaft and movable axially relatively thereto, said sleeve having an opening of varying dimensions formed therein which is adapted to be situated between one of said means and said passages, whereby the amount of the pressure medium transmitted from the first-mentioned means to the second-mentioned means is regulated.

5. In a compressor having a cylinder, 8. main piston reciprocable within said cylinder, a shaft operatively connected-with said piston, a valve communicating with the interior of said cylinder,

and an auxiliary piston operatively connected with said valve; said shaft having an axial passage formed therein and another passage which is also formed in said shaft and which extends at right angles to the longitudinal axis of said shaft, the two passages being in communication with each other; means supplying a pressure medium to one of said passages in a predetermined position of said shaft, means supplying said medium from the other one of said passages to said auxiliary piston in said position of the shaft, whereby the supply of said medium to said auxiliary piston depends upon the movements of the reciprocable main piston, a sleeve mounted upon said shaft, and a spindle connected with said sleeve for shifting it axially upon said shaft to regulate and interrupt the communication between one of said means and said passages.

6. A regulating device for a compressor having a cylinder, a main piston reciprocable within said cylinder, a shaft operatively connected with said piston, a valve communicating with the interior of said cylinder, and an auxiliary piston op-' eratively connected with said valve; said regulating device comprising a swinging regulator connected with said shaft and constituting a passage for a pressure medium, means supplying a pres sure medium to said passage in a predetermined position of th shaft, and means supplying said depends upon the movements of the reciprocable main piston.

7. A regulating device for a compressor having a cylinder, a main piston reciprocable within said cylinder, a shaft operatively connected with said piston, a valve communicating with the interior of said cylinder, and an auxiliary piston operatively connected with said valve; said regulating device comprising a swinging rotary valve operatively connected with said shaft and having edges constituting a passage for a pressure medium, a steering sleeve having an opening formed therein, means connected with said sleeve for turning the same to regulate the position of said opening relatively to said edges, means supplying a pressure medium to said passage in a predetermined position of said swinging rotary valve, and means supplying said medium from said opening to said auxiliary piston in said position of the swinging rotary valve.

8. A regulating device for a compressor having a cylinder, a main piston reciprocable within said cylinder, a shaft operatively connected with said piston, a valve communicating with the interior of said cylinder, and an auxiliary piston operatively connected with said valve; said regulating device comprising a swinging rotary valve operatively connected with said shaft and having edges constituting a passage for a pressure medium, a steering sleeve having an opening formed therein, means connected with said sleeve for turning the same to regulate the position of said opening relatively to said edges, a spindle connected with said means for actuating the same, means supplying a pressure medium to said passage in a predetermined position of said swinging rotary valve, and means supplying said medium from said opening to said auxiliary piston in said position of the swinging rotary valve.

9. A regulating device for a compressor having a cylinder, a main piston reciprocable within said cylinder, a shaft operatively connected with said piston, a valve communicating with the interior of said cylinder, and an auxiliary piston operatively connected with said valve; said regulating device comprising a swinging rotary valve operatively connected with said shaft and having edges constituting a passage for a pressure medium, a steering sleeve having an opening formed therein, means connected with said sleeve for turning the same to regulate the position of said opening relatively to said edges, an indicating device connected with said means, means supplying a pressure medium to said passage in a predetermined position of said swinging rotary valve, and means supplying said medium and auxiliary pistons operatively connected with said valves: said regulating device comprising separate movable means for eachside or said main piston, said means being operatively consaid means, means supplying a pressure medium to said passages in a predetermined position of said shaft, and means supplying said medium from said passages to said auxiliary pistons in r 5 said position of the shaft.

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