US2245866A

US2245866A - Centrifugal pump

Info

Publication number: US2245866A
Application number: US285620A
Authority: US
Inventors: Mclachlan Charles Gordon
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1939-07-20
Filing date: 1939-07-20
Publication date: 1941-06-17
Anticipated expiration: 1958-06-17

Description

June 17, 1941. c. G. McLAcHLAN 2,245,866

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP Filed July 20, 1939 Patented June 17, 1941 UNITED STATI-:s PATENTl ol-Flcs CENTBIFUGAL PUMP 4 Charles Gordon Molchlan, Noranda, Quebec, Cant Application July 20, 1939, Serial N0. 285,620

(Cl. S-103) l 5 Claims.

This invention relates to lcentrifugal pumps adapted for the pumping of liquids containing abrasive material such as sand. Such pumps are largely used, for example, in mines to pump ore pulp which contains particles of an abrasive Jr gritty nature. v

Dimculties have hitherto been experienced in the `operation of such pumps by reasonof wear on the impeller shaft caused by abrasive material entering the packing through which the shaft passes into the casing. Various arrangements have been suggested to avoid this dimculty, but all have more or less serious -drawbacks and their practical application appears to have been hunted, One of them'consisted in surrounding the impeller shaft .with a sleeve which abuttedthe impeller hub and in introducing water between the sleeve and the shaft, which escaped between the adjacent faces of the sleeve and hub in order to prevent the entry of grit between the sleeve and shaft. One dilculty with this arrangement is that no provision is made for taking up wear, so that when the pump 4is in operation the clearance between the sleeve and the impeller increases, with the result that increasing amounts of Water must be used with consequent undesirable dilution of the solution being pumped. Such provision for. keeping the proper clearance between the sleeve and the hub could be made in the arrangement in question only if the wear between the impeller and casing .were identical with that between the sleeve and the hub, a condition which in practical operation is very unlikely to occur. If the pump cannot be adjusted to compensate for the wear which takes place between the inlet side of the impeller d the'caslng, eddy currents between the impeller and the casing are set up when the pump is in operation which tend to direct pressure towards the junction of the sleeve and hub, thus causing additional wear of one or other of these parts from the outside, and in addition aiding in the admission of abrasive particles into the sleeve not only directly but alsoindirectly by reducing the vsuction exerted by the impeller, In the i, other arrangement the shaft packing was an inlet opening at one side through which extends an axially adjustable rotary shaftto which is fixed an impeller having an inlet opening registering with the inlet opening in the casing. The shaft extends through a fixed packing gland, through which 1t maybe axially moved for the purpose of maintaining contact between the-impeller and casing around the inlet opening to prevent eddy currents from the pressure to the suction side of the pump, 0n the packing gland is mounted a xed sleeve which extends freely but nevertheless closely around the shaft and the hub substantially to the point of' centrifuge, the sleeve being of greater intern eter than the external diameter of the l a distance inwardly from its outer end su tially greater than the distanceby whichjfthe hub extends into the sleeve when the impeller and the casing are new and unworn'. In this way vprovision is made forinward movement 'of the hub relatively `to the sleeve. upon'axial adjustment of the shaft to take'upf v.Wear .ats the contacting faces of the impelleran'dcasing. It is usually desirable to provide awater supply pipe.

leading to the space betweenthe sleeve and the shaft, for supplying water to flow along the space to the outer end of the sleevev and remove material which may from the sleeve abrasive have entered it;

The extension of the sleeve around the hub and shaft, forward to the polntof centrifuge,

assures that the opening between the sleeve and shaft shall be at a point where pressure on it y willbe very low, so that material is unlikely to be forced into it and any that Vdoes enter lhas to work its way back a long way with little assisting force before it reaches the packing gland. Moreover, construction of the .sleeve in suchv a way that itis of greater internal diameter than the external diameter of the hub for a substantially greater length than that by which the hub extends into the sleeve.,y when lthe impeller and casing are new, means that adjustment of the shaft t0 keep the contacting faces of these parts together can be easily effected by'external means without having to take the pump apart and replace parts before the end of their full useful life. Thus eddy currents, which might assist the entry of particles into the sleeve and might cause an attack on the sleeve or packing gland, are prevented in a. very simple way,

'Ihe invention will be described in greater detail in the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the pump and its mounting.4

Figure 2 is a plan view of the means for effecting axial adjustment of the shaft.

Figure 3 is a sectional detail of the sleeve and gland with a water supply pipe.

The pump comprises a casing I having an inlet opening 2 at one side thereof, the walls of the casing at that side being preferably formed oi' rubber as indicated at 3. Extending into the casing through the inlet opening 2 is a rotary shaft 4, fastened to the reduced end of which is the central hub 5 of an impeller 6 having an inlet opening 'I which registers with the inlet opening 2 of the casing. The shaft 4 extends into the casing through a fixed packing gland 8, on the end of which is mounted a fixed sleeve 9 extending freely, as can be seen from the slight clearance illustrated; around the shaft and the hub substantially to the point of centrifuge, i. e. a point of low pressure, and preferably formed, as indicated, of rubber with a metal base 9a for attachment purposes. The internal diameter of the sleeve 9 is slightly greater than the external diameter of the hub 5 and continues so for a distance inwards from the outer end of the sleeve which is substantially greater than the distance by which the hub extends into the sleeve (Fig. 3), at least when the impeller and casing are new, As illustrated, the external diameter of the hub 5 is greater than the normal diameter of the shaft 4, though this is not essential from the point of view of the invention. If the diameters were the same, then the sleeve would, of course, at no point be of smaller internal diameter than the external diameter of the hub. In the case illustrated however the sleeve is of reduced internal diameter at I and an annular chamber II is formed between the inner end of the hub and the part I0 of reduced diameter. Around the openings in the impeller and casing are continuous annular walls I2 and I3 respectively, the maintenance of face contact between which prevents the eddy currents discussed above. As the impeller and casing wear at these walls, the shaft is moved axially to keep them in contact and, since the gland and sleeve are fixed, the hub thus gradually moves into the space II, which is made long enough so that the hub will not strike the part I0 of the sleeve until the maximum amount of permissible wear in the impeller and casing has been takenup.

As shown, the internal diameter of the sleeve is again. enlarged inwardly of the reduced part' I0 so that the sleeve may be conveniently attached as by screwing onto the end of the gland 3. There is thus formed between the reduced part I0 and the end of the gland 8 another annular chamber I4 which may be empty, but in which preferably runs, as illustrated in Figure 3, a ring I5 xed to the shaft, leaving only a small .space between itself and the sleeve 9, so that a more tortuous path is formed for any material which may enter the sleeve and try to reach the packing I6 in gland 8.

Except under conditions of very low head it is desirable to have a small amount of water under amount, tends to drive out any particles of abra' sive material which may have succeeded in entering between the sleeve and the hub or shaft.

Outside the casing the shaft is supported in two appropriate bearings I9 which are mounted in a non-rotating barrel 20 held in bearings 2| and 22. Extending out from the bearing 2|, as

illustrated in Figure 2, are wings 23, while extending out from the barrel 20 are wings 24.

Fixed in the wings 23 are bolts 25 which extend freely through the wings 24, the latter being held in appropriate position on the bolts by nuts 26 and 2l. It will be clear that upon loosening the outer nuts 26 land tightening the inner nuts 2'I the barrel will be drawn to the right in Figure Y 1 with the result that the faces I2 and I3 of the impellerand casing respectively will be drawn together. In` this way eddy currents, which would otherwise very quickly attack the sleeve i or the shaft itself, if there were no sleeve, are prevented.

:This is a continuation-impart of my application Serial No. 85,282, illed June 15, 1936.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. A centrifugal pump adapted for the pumping of liquid containing abrasive material such as sand, comprising a fixed pump casing having an inlet opening at one side thereof, an axially adjustable rotary shaft extending through said opening, an impeller having a central hub fixed to said shaft and an inlet opening at one side thereof registering with the opening in the casing, said impeller and said casing having con-` tinuous annular walls adapted to be brought into face contact with each other around said openings, a fixed packing gland through which said shaft may be axially moved for the purpose of maintainingcontact between said annular walls to prevent eddycurrents from the pressure to the suction Aside of the pump, a fixed sleeve mounted on said gland and extending freely around said shaft and hub. the outer end of said sleeve being substantially at the point of centrifuge, and said sleeve being of greater internal diameter than the external diameter of the hub for a distance inward from said outer end substantially greater than4 the distance by which the hub extendsinto the sleeve when the impeller and casing are unworn, to allow for inward movement of the hubrelatively to the sleeve upon axial adjustment of the shaft to take up wear at said annular walls.

2. A centrifugal pump according to claim 1, in which the shaft is of smaller 'diameter than the hub and the internal diameter of part of that portion of the sleeve surrounding the shaft is substantially correspondingly smaller than that of the portion surrounding the hub.

3. A centrifugal pump according to claim 1, in which the shaft is of smaller diameter than `the hub and the internal diameter of part of that portion of thev sleeve surrounding the shaft is substantially correspondingly smaller than that of the portion surrounding the hub, said part of smaller diameter being separated from the end of the gland by a part of the sleeve of greatergreater diameter whereby an annular chamber is formed between said gland end and said part oi' smaller diameter, a ring being fixed to the shaft and extending freely into said annular 5 chamber, whereby a tortuous path is formed for any substances passing towards the gland.

5. A centrifugal pump according to claim l, in which the sleeve has a metal base and a main body or relatively sott rubber covering said base,

l0 and in which the sleeve is removably mounted on the gland through said hase.

CHARLm GORDON MCLACHLAN.