Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • B29D99/0078—Producing filamentary materials
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D01F6/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of aliphatic compounds with more than one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
  • D06M11/53—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with hydrogen sulfide or its salts; with polysulfides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/731—Filamentary material, i.e. comprised of a single element, e.g. filaments, strands, threads, fibres
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
  • Y10S260/23—Fiber
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/10—Polyvinyl halide esters or alcohol fiber modification

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an improvement in the art of fabricating artificial filaments, fibers, threads, and the like, suitable for use in theproduction of textiles and related materials. More particularly, the invention relates to a process whereby artificial fibers composed predominantly of high molecular weight polymers of vinyl compounds may be made to assume an undulated or wavy nature.
• Synthetic fibers such as viscose silk. acetate silk, fibers produced from casein, hydrocarbon polymers, various resinous materials, and the like, are, in general, formed by spinning through a fine orifice or spinning nozzle and consequently, unless altered by special treatment, are naturally smooth and straight. Most natural fibers, on the other hand, are more or less rough, irregular and curly. As a result of their smooth, wiry nature, synthetic fibers, unless given a special treatment, are more diflicult to handle in the various textile-making processes, such as spinning and weaving, and usually-require somewhat modified technique.
• the textile materials made from smooth and wire-like synthetic fibers are, in general, poor heat insulators, cold to the touch, slippery, relatively unstretchable, and have an excessive luster or shine.
• Synthetic filaments composed of polymers of butadiene and similar diolefinic hydrocarbons may be crimped, for example, by subjecting them to the action of organic solvents which exert a swelling action upon the fiber.
• the fiber after being subjected to the organic swellimparted to said artificial fibers and to provide a method whereby said artificial fibers may be undulated in a more practical and economical manner.
• the process of the present invention consists essentially in immersing the formed filament in a treating bath containing a suitable concen tration of the liquid sulfur halide and removing the undulated filament after a very short, prea of the synthetic fibers for which the present process is especially effective may be mentioned.
• I ticular objects are to provide a method whereby undulations of the desired wave length may be butadiene, isoprene, phenyl butadiene, chloroprene, cyclopentadiene and the related diolefinic compounds which are capable of being polymerized to tough or hard materials.
• the fibers may, furthermore, be composed of high molecular weight materials obtained by copolymerizing or interpolymerizing a mixture of one or more polymerizable materials of the above class, and may also contain varying minor amounts of other materials intended to impart certain characteristics to the products, such as, for example, compatible resins, plasticizers, waxes, dyes, or minor amounts of other products incorporated into the filaments during the wet or dry spinning process.
• the synthetic fiber, treated according to the present process may be produced by spinning a solution of the polymer into a heated atmosphere, 1. e. by a dry spinning process, or by spinning a solution or emulsion of the polymer into a coagulatio'n or precipitation bath.
• the treatment to produce the undulation of the fiber may be effected either prior or subsequent to such hardening treatment.
• the undulation is, however, most advantageously effected prior to the hardening, since this allows the total process for producing the fibers to be materially simplified by eliminating a drying treatment.
• the undulation of the fibers is effected by subjecting the fiber to the action of a halide of sulfur having the composition SXn, wherein X represents a halogen, preferably chlorine, and n is a quantity greater than about 0.60 and less than 4.00, preferably between 1.0 and 3.0.
• the sulfur halide may be applied in the form of solutions in inert solvents, such as carbon disulfide, liquid sulfur dioxide, etc., containing as low as by volume of the sulfur halide, but are preferably applied in considerably higher concentrations, such as concentrations ranging from 50 to 100%.
• Synthetic fibers of the class in question we have found, when subjected to the action of the above sulfur halides, assume almost immediately a fine, undulated structure. Thus, for example, an immersion period of about 2 to seconds at room temperature in the sulfur halide generally suffices to produce the desired effect. In certain cases, when dealing with unusually resistant fibers of high denier number, immersion periods as long as about two minutes may be desirable. The period of immersion most advantageously employed varies somewhat depending upon the composition, denier number and character of the particular fiber, and is preferably maintained as short as possible, i. e. immersion periods longer than necessary to produce the desired undulation are preferably avoided.
• the rapidity of the undulating action also depends somewhat upon the concentration and temperature of the sulfur halide.
• temperatures ranging from near the boiling point of the sulfur halide-containing liquid down to near the freezing point of said liquid may be employed, very excellent results may usually be most conveniently obtained at temperatures of from about 0 C. to about 30 C. Higher temperatures tend to hasten the undulating action.
• Fibers composed of vulcanizable polymers and treated according to the present process unlike vulcanized fibers, may, moreover, be heat hardened in the customary manner, and such treatment does not destroy their undulatory nature.
• the undulation of the synthetic fibers may be effected by simply immersing the fiber in a bath of the sulfur halide, and since, furthermore, the process requires only a few seconds, it is exceptionally advantageous and well adapted to be executed continuously.
• the process may, in fact, be very advantageously effected in conjunction with the spinning steps, by simply passing the fiber, or bundle of fibers, issuing from the spinning operation through a bath containing the sulfur halide.
• the freshly coagulated filament issuing from the bath may contain appreciable quantities of alcohol, water, or other material from the coagulation bath which react with the sulfur halide.
• An advantage of the present process is that such fibers may be directly treated without aaeaeio first; drying to remove the last traces of coagulant.
• a small amount of loose elemental sulfur is deposited upon the surface of the fiber during the treatment with the sulfur halide. This deposited sulfur, We have found, does no harm, and, in fact, is somewhat advantageous since it materially reduces the tackiness when this is prone to be present.
• the undulated fiber may be Washed free of any adhering elemental sulfur with a dilute solution of sodium sulfide.
• a special advantage of the present process is that it allows the wave length of the undulations to be controlled. This may be very simply accomplished in the present process by controlling the tension of the filament during the treatment with the sulfur halide. Thus, if the filament, while being acted upon by the sulfur halide, is under no tension, it is found that the undulations produced are of very short wave length. If
• Synthetic filaments are customarily spun under considerable tension in order to orient the molecules in the fibers. Since, as explained above, tension tends to increase the wave length of the undulations, it will be apparent that the tension applied in the spinning process to produce stretching should be applied before the filament is subjected to the action of the sulfur halide.
• the filament, or bundle of filaments may be washed in warm water, a dilute solution of ammonium hydroxide, or any other suitable liquid, to remove any adhering sulfur halide.
• a dilute solution of ammonium hydroxide or any other suitable liquid, to remove any adhering sulfur halide.
• the greater part, if not all, of any adhering sulfur halide is quickly evaporated upon withdrawing the filament from the liquid.
• a process for producing undulated synthetic filaments which comprises immersing a formed filament, consisting essentially of high molecular weight polymers of a vinyl compound, in a liquid, containing at least 10% by volume of a sulfur halide having a composition SXn wherein X represents a halogen and n is a quantity greater than about 0.6 and less than 4.0, for a length of time permitting undulation of said filament to occur, but for less than two minutes so that no appreciable vulcanization of said filament occurs, while maintaining insufiicient tension upon said filament to substantially remove the formed undulations by stretching.
• a process for producing undulated synthetic filaments which comprises immersing a formed filament, consisting essentially of high molecular weight polymers of a diene hydrocarbon, in a liquid containing at least 10% by volume of a sulfur halide having a composition SXn wherein X represents a halogen and n is a quantity greater than about 0.6 and less than 4.0, for a length of time permitting undulation of said filament to be effected, but for less than two minutes so that no appreciable vulcanization of said filament occurs, while maintaining said filament sufi'iciently relaxed of tension to avoid substantially removing the undulations by stretching.
• a process for producing undulated synthetic filaments which comprises immersing a formed filament, consisting essentially of high molecular weight polymers of a vinyl compound, in a liquid, containing at least 50% by .volume of a sulfur halide having a composition SK; wherein X represents a halogen and n is a quantity greater than about 0.6 and less than 4.0, for a length of time of at least two seconds but less than two minutes so that no appreciable vulcanization of said filament occurs, while maintaining said filament sufficiently relaxed of tension to avoid substantially removing the formed undulations by stretching.
• a process for producing undulated synthetic filaments which comprises the steps of immersing a formed filament, consisting essentially of high molecular weight polymers of a vinyl compound, in a liquid, containing at least by volume of a sulfur halide having a composition SX wherein X represents a halogen and n is a quantity greater than about 0.6 and less than 4.0, for a length of time of at least two seconds, but for less than two minutes, whereby undulation, but substantially no vulcanization of the filament is eflected, and controlling the wave length of the undulations by controlling the tension of said filament during the immersion.
• a process for producing undulated synthetic filaments which comprises immersing a formed filament, consisting essentially of high molecular weight polymers of a diene hydrocarbon, in a liquid, containing at least50% by volume of a sulfur halide having a composition SX; wherein X represents a halogen and n is a quantity greater than about 0.6 and less than 4.0, for a. length of time permitting undulation of said filament to occur, but for less than thirty seconds so substantially no vulcanization of said filament occurs, while maintaining insuflicient tension upon said filament to substantially remove the formed undulations by stretching.
• a process for producing undulated synthetic filaments which comprises immersing a formed filament, consisting essentially of high molecular weight polymers of a halogen substituted derivative of a. diene hydrocarbon, in a liquid, containing at least 10% by volume of a sulfur halide having a composition SK wherein X represents a halogen and n is a quantity greater than about 0.6 and less than 4.0, for a length of time permitting undulation of said filament to be efiected, but for less than two minutes so substantially no vulcanization of said filament occurs, while maintaining said filament sufficiently relaxed of tension to avoid substantially removing the formed undulations by stretching.
• a process for producing undulated synthetic filaments which comprises immersing a formed filament, consisting essentially of high molecular weight polymers of a halogen substituted derivative of a diene hydrocarbon, in a liquid, containing at least by volume of a sulfur halide having a composition SXn wherein X represents a halogen and n is a quantity greater than about 0.6 and less than 4.0, for a length of time of at least two seconds, but less than two minutes so substantially no vulcanization of said filament occurs, while maintaining insumcient tension upon said filament to substantially remove the formed undulations by stretching.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (7)

• 0
  • NL NL48858D patent/NL48858C/xx active
• 1939
  • 1939-04-03 US US265744A patent/US2245310A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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