US2244008A - Piston construction - Google Patents

Piston construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US2244008A
US2244008A US279410A US27941039A US2244008A US 2244008 A US2244008 A US 2244008A US 279410 A US279410 A US 279410A US 27941039 A US27941039 A US 27941039A US 2244008 A US2244008 A US 2244008A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
piston
crown
bosses
ring belt
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US279410A
Inventor
Ronald M Hazen
Jr Thomas S Mccrae
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motors Liquidation Co
FORESTLANE CO Ltd
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
Priority to US279410A priority Critical patent/US2244008A/en
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Publication of US2244008A publication Critical patent/US2244008A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to FORESTLANE CO., LTD. reassignment FORESTLANE CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SIEMENS CAPITAL CORPORATION A CORP. OF DE
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/04—Forging of engine parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pistons and especially to light alloy pistons for high-speed engines, and is a continuation in part of the parent Patent No. 2,159,989 of May 30, 1939.
  • the objectof the invention is a strong, light weight piston, capable of quickly dissipating the heat to which it is subjected.
  • Another object oi! the invention is a piston in which the heat flow to the ring belt is limited. It is a further object of the invention to achieve the foregoing objects in a piston which can be simply and cheaply produced.
  • the crown of the piston is supported from the piston pin. bosses mainly by a circular strut forming an inner wall,
  • the piston is made in separate pieces subsequently fastened together by screwed and/or welded joints, or the, like.
  • One of said pieces forms a part of the wall of the annular insulating air space and includes the crown, the strut and the bosses, and there is a joint between this pieceand the-remainder oi the piston, in the outer periphery oi the piston above the piston pin bosses.
  • the built up construction permits of greater control and freedomwin the-choice of section and in the provision at suitable cooling fins and insulating air spaces.
  • Fig. l is a view, partly in elevation and partly a in section, of a piston structure according the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section of a modification according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a partsectlonal view on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is -a part sectional view on line 4-4 of Fig.2.
  • Fig. 5 is a part elevational and part sectional view of another modification according to the invention.
  • the piston is provided with diametrically opposite bosses such as i, having bearings 2, for a piston pin (not shown). Integral with the bosses i, is the piston crown 3, supported from the bosses by a circular strut l and cooling and strengthening fins 5.
  • the circular strut 4 forms the inner'wall of an annular insulating air space 6 between the strut l and the ring beit area of the piston which is between the crown and the piston pin bosses.
  • the ring belt area is formed separately from the piece including the crown. the strut and the bosses and is provided with grooves for conventional packing rings (not shown).
  • the piston skirt 8 is integral with the piston crown, thestrut and the bosses.
  • the ring belt area consists of'two semicircular pieces 9 and III, which when in position on the piston, are welded to each other, and to the remainder of the piston, at the peripheral rim ll of the crown, and the edge 0! the skirt 8 at a point above the bosses.
  • the ring belt area and the piston skirt together are formed in two semicircular pieces I4, and I5.
  • Each of the pieces ll and I! has a bore such as It. in which one of the diametrically opposite bosses such as l and its bearing, such' as 2 are spigoted. when in position on the piston, the .two semicircular pieces II and I! "are welded to each other, and to the remainder of the piston, at the peripheral rirn I6 0! the'crown.
  • the piston skirt i1 is integral with the piston crown, the strut and the bosses.
  • the ring belt area consists oi. a ring ll, whichhas female threads. l9 engaging male threads 20 on the piston crown.
  • the piston structure is completed by screwing the two parts together, after which the threaded Joint between the ring I! and the crown is sealed and the joint between the ring l8 and the top edge of the piston skirt above the bosses is sealed, by welding as indicated.
  • the annular space extends closento the outer cylindrical surface of the pistonjat mints above and below the ring belt area in the outer wall of the piston and has at all points a greater cross-sectional area than points above and below the ring belt area.
  • the heat flow from the head of the piston to the ring belt area is restricted by the narrow section of metal between these two parts.
  • the circular strut forming the inner wall of the insulating annular space is sufflciently large to carry the main gas pressure loads and the' heat flow directly on to the piston pin bosses-only a small part of the load and the heat flow being transmitted through the outer section of the piston.
  • the parts of the piston can be made of any suitable light alloy (either forged or cast), and it will be seen that a structure has been provided in which all critical points, as well as the cooling fins, may be completely machined to any desired tolerance limits before assembly.
  • a strut to support the crown from the piston pin bosses and forming an inner wall spaced from the outer wall of the piston to provide an enclosed annular insulating air space between the ring belt area and the strut forming the inner wall, said inner wall having at all points in its circumference a greater cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area at points in its circumference above and below the ring belt area in the outer wall of the piston, whereby only small portions of the gas pressure loads and the heat to which the crown is exposed in.- an engine cylinder, are transmitted to the ring belt area, and the main portions or the gas pressure loads and the heat flow, are carried directly through thelinner wall to the piston pin bosses, said piston consisting of a plurality of pieces fastened together, one of said pieces forming a part of the wall of the annular insulating air
  • the ring belt area and the skirt together consist of two semicircular pieces secured together and to the piece including the crown. 5.
  • the piston is a two-piece piston in which the piece including the crown includes the skirt. and the ring belt area is formed in the other piece.

Description

June 1941- R. M. HAZEN ETAL 2,244,008
' PISTON CONSTRUCTION I Filed June 16, 1939 4 WELD v m U u Patented June 3, 1941 2,244,003 PISTON cons'mucrron Ronald M. Hanan and Thomas s. Mcbrac, Jr... En-
dianapolis, Ind, assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich, a corporation oil Delaware Application June is, 1939, Serial No. 279,410
I 5 Claims.
This invention relates to pistons and especially to light alloy pistons for high-speed engines, and is a continuation in part of the parent Patent No. 2,159,989 of May 30, 1939.
It relates particularly to such pistons for use in internal combustion engines.
In modern high-speed two-cycle engines, the conditions under which the pistons have to operate are particularly severe. Other things being equal, the specific output of a two-cycle engine is twice that of a four-cycle engine and there is approximately twice the waste heat to be dissipated through the parts in a given time. The
high thermal conditions not only frequently cause difflculties due to ring sticking, but decrease the strength of the piston to the point where failure may occur.
I Accordingly, it is becoming increasingly important to provide pistons which are light, but of adequate strength, while capable of dissipating effectively the heat to which they are subjected.
, The objectof the invention is a strong, light weight piston, capable of quickly dissipating the heat to which it is subjected.
Another object oi! the invention is a piston in which the heat flow to the ring belt is limited. It is a further object of the invention to achieve the foregoing objects in a piston which can be simply and cheaply produced.
The above and other objects of the invention will be apparent as the description proceeds.
According to the invention, the crown of the piston is supported from the piston pin. bosses mainly by a circular strut forming an inner wall,
spaced from and .of greater section than the outer wall of the piston and providing an annular insulating air space between the two walls. The piston is made in separate pieces subsequently fastened together by screwed and/or welded joints, or the, like. One of said pieces forms a part of the wall of the annular insulating air space and includes the crown, the strut and the bosses, and there is a joint between this pieceand the-remainder oi the piston, in the outer periphery oi the piston above the piston pin bosses.
The built up construction permits of greater control and freedomwin the-choice of section and in the provision at suitable cooling fins and insulating air spaces.
' The drawing shows three modifications of a piston according to the invention.
Fig. l is a view, partly in elevation and partly a in section, of a piston structure according the invention.
(01. soc-14) Fig. 2 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section of a modification according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a partsectlonal view on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is -a part sectional view on line 4-4 of Fig.2.
Fig. 5 is a part elevational and part sectional view of another modification according to the invention.
In all the structures illustrated, the piston is provided with diametrically opposite bosses such as i, having bearings 2, for a piston pin (not shown). Integral with the bosses i, is the piston crown 3, supported from the bosses by a circular strut l and cooling and strengthening fins 5. The circular strut 4 forms the inner'wall of an annular insulating air space 6 between the strut l and the ring beit area of the piston which is between the crown and the piston pin bosses. The ring belt area is formed separately from the piece including the crown. the strut and the bosses and is provided with grooves for conventional packing rings (not shown). In Figs. 1 and 3, the piston skirt 8 is integral with the piston crown, thestrut and the bosses. The ring belt area consists of'two semicircular pieces 9 and III, which when in position on the piston, are welded to each other, and to the remainder of the piston, at the peripheral rim ll of the crown, and the edge 0! the skirt 8 at a point above the bosses.
InFigs. 2 and 4, the ring belt area and the piston skirt together, are formed in two semicircular pieces I4, and I5. Each of the pieces ll and I! has a bore such as It. in which one of the diametrically opposite bosses such as l and its bearing, such' as 2 are spigoted. when in position on the piston, the .two semicircular pieces II and I! "are welded to each other, and to the remainder of the piston, at the peripheral rirn I6 0! the'crown.
In Fig. 5, the piston skirt i1 is integral with the piston crown, the strut and the bosses. The ring belt area consists oi. a ring ll, whichhas female threads. l9 engaging male threads 20 on the piston crown. The piston structure is completed by screwing the two parts together, after which the threaded Joint between the ring I! and the crown is sealed and the joint between the ring l8 and the top edge of the piston skirt above the bosses is sealed, by welding as indicated.
In all the examples illustrated, the annular space extends closento the outer cylindrical surface of the pistonjat mints above and below the ring belt area in the outer wall of the piston and has at all points a greater cross-sectional area than points above and below the ring belt area. The heat flow from the head of the piston to the ring belt area is restricted by the narrow section of metal between these two parts. The circular strut forming the inner wall of the insulating annular space is sufflciently large to carry the main gas pressure loads and the' heat flow directly on to the piston pin bosses-only a small part of the load and the heat flow being transmitted through the outer section of the piston.
Because of the lower temperature of-the ring belt area, due to the lessened heat flow to this part, the possibility of piston rings sticking, consequent on carbonization of the lubricating oil at the temperature which would otherwise exist, is avoided.
The parts of the piston can be made of any suitable light alloy (either forged or cast), and it will be seen that a structure has been provided in which all critical points, as well as the cooling fins, may be completely machined to any desired tolerance limits before assembly.
We claim:
1. In a piston having a crown, a skirt, piston pin bosses, and a ring belt area in the outer wall of the piston between the crown and the piston pin bwses, a strut to support the crown from the piston pin bosses and forming an inner wall spaced from the outer wall of the piston to provide an enclosed annular insulating air space between the ring belt area and the strut forming the inner wall, said inner wall having at all points in its circumference a greater cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area at points in its circumference above and below the ring belt area in the outer wall of the piston, whereby only small portions of the gas pressure loads and the heat to which the crown is exposed in.- an engine cylinder, are transmitted to the ring belt area, and the main portions or the gas pressure loads and the heat flow, are carried directly through thelinner wall to the piston pin bosses, said piston consisting of a plurality of pieces fastened together, one of said pieces forming a part of the wall of the annular insulating air space and including the crown, the strut, and the bosses, there being a joint in the outer periphery of the piston above the piston pin bosses, between said piece and the remainder of the piston including the ring belt area.
2. The combination according to claim 1, in which the piece including the crown includes the skirt.
3. The combination according to claim 1. in which the piece including the crown includes the skirt, and the ring belt area is formed of two semicircular pieces secured together and to the piece including the crown.
4. The combination according to claim 1, in
which the ring belt area and the skirt together, consist of two semicircular pieces secured together and to the piece including the crown. 5. The combination according to claim 1, in which the piston is a two-piece piston in which the piece including the crown includes the skirt. and the ring belt area is formed in the other piece.
RONALD M. HAZEN. THOMAS S. McCRAE, JR.
US279410A 1939-06-16 1939-06-16 Piston construction Expired - Lifetime US2244008A (en)

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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2818841A (en) * 1955-04-11 1958-01-07 Alco Products Inc Pistons
DE1210302B (en) * 1959-12-02 1966-02-03 Karl Schmidt Ges Mit Beschraen Method of manufacturing pistons with a coolant space in the piston crown
US4052972A (en) * 1975-03-14 1977-10-11 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine
US5207147A (en) * 1990-10-18 1993-05-04 Metal Leve S/A Industria E Comercio Method for the manufacture of a piston head having a cooling chamber and piston head obtained from said method
US5642654A (en) * 1994-09-01 1997-07-01 Sundstrand Corporation Piston and method of manufacturing the same
DE19902144A1 (en) * 1999-01-20 2000-07-27 Mahle Gmbh Piston composed of components welded or soldered to each other, with lower part of forged steel with shaft extension below boss
US6223701B1 (en) 1999-08-16 2001-05-01 Caterpillar Inc. Cooled one piece piston and method
US6286414B1 (en) 1999-08-16 2001-09-11 Caterpillar Inc. Compact one piece cooled piston and method
US6327962B1 (en) 1999-08-16 2001-12-11 Caterpillar Inc. One piece piston with supporting piston skirt
WO2002010571A1 (en) 2000-08-02 2002-02-07 Federal-Mogul Technology Limited Engine piston and manufacture
GB2366607A (en) * 2000-09-06 2002-03-13 Federal Mogul Bradford Ltd I.c. engine piston with body formed from two or more circumferentially incomplete segments
DE10047258A1 (en) * 2000-09-23 2002-04-18 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Piston for an IC motor has a ring section mounted at the base section, to form a cooling channel, with a single welded seam in alignment with a butting point for simplified production without loss of stability
US20040194621A1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2004-10-07 Christoph Geissler Lower part for a multi piece piston
WO2005024216A1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-17 Mahle Gmbh Piston for an internal combustion engine
US20060000087A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Method of producing a cooling channel piston for an internal combustion engine
US20060005700A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Yuejun Huang One-piece steel piston
DE102007036236A1 (en) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 Mahle International Gmbh Built piston
WO2009079989A2 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-02 Mahle International Gmbh Method for fixing an annular element on a piston for an internal combustion engine
JP2010539369A (en) * 2007-09-15 2010-12-16 マーレ インターナショナル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング Piston divided into two parts of internal combustion engine
US7971355B2 (en) 2007-12-20 2011-07-05 Mahle International Gmbh Method for attaching a ring element to a piston for an internal combustion engine
DE10325914B4 (en) * 2003-06-07 2012-08-02 Mahle Gmbh Piston for an internal combustion engine
EP2729689A1 (en) * 2011-07-05 2014-05-14 Mahle International GmbH Piston for an internal combustion engine
US20150059682A1 (en) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 Federal-Mogul Corporation Double welded steel piston with full skirt

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2818841A (en) * 1955-04-11 1958-01-07 Alco Products Inc Pistons
DE1210302B (en) * 1959-12-02 1966-02-03 Karl Schmidt Ges Mit Beschraen Method of manufacturing pistons with a coolant space in the piston crown
US4052972A (en) * 1975-03-14 1977-10-11 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine
US5207147A (en) * 1990-10-18 1993-05-04 Metal Leve S/A Industria E Comercio Method for the manufacture of a piston head having a cooling chamber and piston head obtained from said method
US5642654A (en) * 1994-09-01 1997-07-01 Sundstrand Corporation Piston and method of manufacturing the same
DE19902144A1 (en) * 1999-01-20 2000-07-27 Mahle Gmbh Piston composed of components welded or soldered to each other, with lower part of forged steel with shaft extension below boss
US6467397B1 (en) 1999-01-20 2002-10-22 Mahle Gmbh Constructed piston or piston consisting of components that are welded or soldered together
US6327962B1 (en) 1999-08-16 2001-12-11 Caterpillar Inc. One piece piston with supporting piston skirt
US6286414B1 (en) 1999-08-16 2001-09-11 Caterpillar Inc. Compact one piece cooled piston and method
US6223701B1 (en) 1999-08-16 2001-05-01 Caterpillar Inc. Cooled one piece piston and method
WO2002010571A1 (en) 2000-08-02 2002-02-07 Federal-Mogul Technology Limited Engine piston and manufacture
GB2366607A (en) * 2000-09-06 2002-03-13 Federal Mogul Bradford Ltd I.c. engine piston with body formed from two or more circumferentially incomplete segments
WO2002020971A1 (en) 2000-09-06 2002-03-14 Federal-Mogul Bradford Limited Piston for internal combustion engine
GB2366607B (en) * 2000-09-06 2004-06-09 Federal Mogul Bradford Ltd Piston for internal combustion engine
DE10047258A1 (en) * 2000-09-23 2002-04-18 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Piston for an IC motor has a ring section mounted at the base section, to form a cooling channel, with a single welded seam in alignment with a butting point for simplified production without loss of stability
DE10047258C2 (en) * 2000-09-23 2003-02-06 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Piston with ring section supported and welded onto the base part
US20040194621A1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2004-10-07 Christoph Geissler Lower part for a multi piece piston
DE10325914B4 (en) * 2003-06-07 2012-08-02 Mahle Gmbh Piston for an internal combustion engine
US20060278180A1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2006-12-14 Rainer Scharp Piston for an internal combustion engine
WO2005024216A1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-17 Mahle Gmbh Piston for an internal combustion engine
US7918022B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2011-04-05 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Method of producing a cooling channel piston for an internal combustion engine
US20060000087A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Method of producing a cooling channel piston for an internal combustion engine
US7104183B2 (en) 2004-07-07 2006-09-12 Karl Schmidt Unisia, Inc. One-piece steel piston
US20060005700A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Yuejun Huang One-piece steel piston
DE102007036236A1 (en) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 Mahle International Gmbh Built piston
US20110168016A1 (en) * 2007-08-02 2011-07-14 Achim Fedyna Assembled piston
KR101484352B1 (en) * 2007-09-15 2015-01-19 말레 인터내셔널 게엠베하 Two-piece piston for an internal combustion engine
JP2010539369A (en) * 2007-09-15 2010-12-16 マーレ インターナショナル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング Piston divided into two parts of internal combustion engine
WO2009079989A3 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-09-24 Mahle International Gmbh Method for fixing an annular element on a piston for an internal combustion engine
WO2009079989A2 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-02 Mahle International Gmbh Method for fixing an annular element on a piston for an internal combustion engine
US7971355B2 (en) 2007-12-20 2011-07-05 Mahle International Gmbh Method for attaching a ring element to a piston for an internal combustion engine
EP2729689A1 (en) * 2011-07-05 2014-05-14 Mahle International GmbH Piston for an internal combustion engine
US9109530B2 (en) 2011-07-05 2015-08-18 Mahle International Gmbh Piston for an internal combustion engine
US20150059682A1 (en) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 Federal-Mogul Corporation Double welded steel piston with full skirt
US9702317B2 (en) * 2013-08-29 2017-07-11 Federal-Mogul Llc Double welded steel piston with full skirt

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AS Assignment

Owner name: FORESTLANE CO., LTD., 14251 FRANKLIN AVE., TUSTIN,

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS CAPITAL CORPORATION A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004139/0020

Effective date: 19830520