US2242829A - Container - Google Patents

Description

May 20, 1941. L. B. LEIGHTON ETAL' 3 3 CONTAINER Filed Ap ril 16, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 5 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 8.

CONTAINER Filed April 16, 1938 L. B. LEIGHTON ETAL May 20, 1941.

y 1941- 1.. B. LEIGHTON ETAL 2,242,829

CONTAINER Filed April 16, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 May 2.0, 1941. 1.. B. LEIGHTON ET AL. 2,242,829

CONTAINER Filed April 16, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented May 20, 1941 UNITED STATE s PATENT OFFICE comma Lester 'B.

Leighton, Richmond Heights, and Clarence J. Vogt, Lemay, Mo.,

assignors to The Sandusky Cooperage & Lumber Company, St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Ohio Application April 16, 1938, Serial No. 202,414 9 Ulaims. ('01. 229-55) tainers which partake of the economy and lightness of cardboard containers and also of the greater-strength of wood, fibre and metal containers or the like; and the provision of containers of the class described which may be manufactured in various sizes on a production basis with the necessary accuracy. Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the elements and combinations of elements, features of construction, and arrangements of parts which will be exemplified in the structures hereinafter described, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which are illustrated several of various possible embodiments of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing the first step in making a relatively long inner drum;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a step used in making a shorter outer drum;

spending parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

The drawings are necessarily exaggerated as to the thicknes's'of material used, and therefore bulk in certain regions is exaggerated. and appears to be greater than it is in practice. 'This exaggeration also causes voids to appear where, in fact, there are none, or where they are so small .as to be negligible from the viewpoint of strength Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a step in making a cover;

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section, diagrammatically illustrating the assembly of the products of the steps of Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail section of the container wall after completion;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional detail of a. bottom corner of a finished container;

Fig. I is a view similar to Fig. 6 but showing a top comer of the cover;

Fig. 8 is a side elevation, partly in section, diagrammatically illustrating the finished and closed container;

Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 8, but showing an alternative form of the invention, the cover being removed;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view similar to Fig. 1 showing a step in the process of making the body of the article of Fig. 9; a

Fig. 1-1 is a perspective view showing a step in the process of making the cover for the article of Fig. 9; I

Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing an alternative form of the invention; and,

Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing still another alternative form of the invention.

Similar reference characters indicate correand durability of the container.

In its referred form, the entire container-is made of relatively thin and flexible paper. By way of example, and not limitation, kraft paper maybe used of a thickness of- 16 points (.016") Such paper ordinarily comes in rolls of predetermined widths and may therefore be handled most conveniently in manufacture as a long continuous strip. Such a strip is shown, for example, at numeral l in Fig. 1. The width of strip l is the greatest of any of the strips used in the process, inasmuch as this strip is to form an inner cylinder which substantially predetermines the length of the finished container ignoring certain head thicknesses.

While various modifications may be made in the mode of manufacture of our container, depending upon whether it is made by machine, or partly by hand and partly by machine, we have chosen first to illustrate and described the form shown in Figs. 1-3, because this form admits of the most direct and lucid description.

After the description of this form of Figs. -1-3,

other forms will be described.

Referring to Fig. 1, the first operation to be performed on strip l, as well as upon all of the other strips hereinafter described in connection with Fig. 1, is to notch one edge as at 3, the other edge 5 being left straight. The notches 3 are of triangular shape and let triangular tabs 1 remain. When these tabs 1 are turned over, as will be described, their adjacent edges are substantially spaced from one another, so that the overlap or staggering that occurs between successive layers of tabs will result in a thinner but stronger construction in which voids are reduced.

The strip I is convolutely wound on itself upon a cylindric and rotary mandrel 9 to form a body member of a predetermined number of plies. As successive windings of the strip I are applied, an adhesive such as glue is applied between windings, as indicated by stippling. However, the first loop or winding on the mandrel is left-free of adhesive so that it does not stick to the man- *drel, but may be subsequently slipped off,

The arrangement of the strip I with respect to Fig. 1 indicates that a single winding or lamination of paper with a single circuit of tabs has been applied to the mandrel 3. At this stage, a disc I3 of a predetermined number of circular paper bottom discs 13, I3a, I3b, I3c and I3d.

which number corresponds generally to the number of the windings or plies making up the body thereof, (see also Fig. 6) is positioned against the end II of the mandrel, and within the confines oi the extending tabs I, adhesive having theretofore been applied to the outer surface of the disc I3, as indicated by-the stippling. The circuit of tabs I around the edgeof the disc I3 is then turned or folded down over the edge of disc I3. The thickness of each disc I3, 53a, 83b,

the cylinder I1 and the enclosing head I9. This inner shell N is then aged, that is, dried, so that it shrinks to a stable condition.

In Fig. 2 is illustrated how a second and outer shell is likewise formed. This shell is formed from a strip 2| which is narrower than the strip 9 by the length L indicated in Fig. 8, thus providing a length of outer cylinder 0 which is likewise shorter than the cylinder N by this length L. The length L is the amount of projection of the inner cylinder N desired for telescoping within the cover C.

I 3:; and |3d is of the order of that of the strip I,

and it is preferably not of a thickness to be characterized as cardboard.

With the first disc I3 applied and the first circle of tabs I turned down to hold the disc, the

As indicated in Fig. 2, the strip 2| also has notches 3 forming tabs 1. The strip 2| is so related to a mandrel 23 that the circuit of tabs around the mandrel end extends axially as in the case of Fig. 1. Windings, application of adhesive, and successive applications of paper heads 2! et seq. with bending over of the tabs 1 follow the method described in connection with Fig. 1. Thus, the shorter outer cylinder 0 is formed like the longer inner cylinder N. Its inside diameter while wet is caused to be slightly larger than the outside diameter of the inner cylinder N while dry.

In the present example, the outer cylinder 0 is shown also as being made up of five convolute loops of the strip 2| with five heads, such as mandrel 9 is rotated more to roll up another loop of the strip I, that loop adhering to the one under it. This results in another circular group of tabs I being axially located at the edge of the surface II, this group now extending outwardly from the first paper disc I3. I

Next, the second paper disc I3ais moved endwise to cover the folded tabs I and to become adhered to.the outside of the first-applied paper disc I3. Adhesive is placed either on the front of the disc |3a (as shown), or over the bent tabs I to assure a strong bond between the discs I3, |3a and the tabs. Next, the second group of tabs 1 is turned down to be held in position by the adhesive on them to the back of disc I3a. Thus, the effect of the application of the second disc |3a is to sandwich the first group of tabs I which were turned down on disc I3 and to increase the thickness and strength of the head thus being formed. The second row of tabs 1 holds this second head I3a in place.

The process is continued untiLsay, five loops of paper from strip I have been convolutely wound around the mandrel 9 and adhered to one another, with fiveapplied discs I3, I30, l3b, I30, I3d, the discs interleaving with the tabs 1. This forms a tubular shell. that, although the first disc I3 has adhesiveon its outside, the discs I 3b. I3- and I3d have adhesive on their insides (side toward the mandrel 3). As above made clear, thedisc |3a also may have adhesive on the inside (so as to cover the adhesive-free outsides of the first row of tabs 1) or this second disc Ilia may be entirely free of adhesive and depend upon the adhesive on the first disc l3, provided that adhesive has been providedon the outside of the first row of tabs 1 after these tabs have been turned down.

The strip I is then cut oil, ready for the manufacture .of the next tubular shell, and the finished shell is removed from the mandrel 3. This forms the inner tubular shell of the container, which will be designated generically by the index N, and which is shown' diagrammaticallyin Figs. 4 and 8. This shell N comes from the mandrel 9 in a wetcondition, due to the fluidity of the glue which is used between the layers forming both It should be understood shown at 21, 21a, 21b, 21c and 21d (Fig, 6). The five heads, I3, I3a, I 31;, I30, and I3d, are smaller than the five heads 21, 21a, 21b, 21c and 21d, because they are'associated with the smaller cylinder N. A final, large paper head 29 is used to make a final covering for the end of cylinder 0 and the last row of tabs I which is turned down.

Thus, a neat outer appearance is presented. It

' ,will be,understood that, if desired, the five heads 21 et al. may be made the same size as the five heads I3 et al., the tabs I making up the difference radially. Such a construction would avoid the necessity for using two different sizes of heads.

Before the outer cylinder 0 has cured, or dried, that is, while it" is still in a pliable and extended condition, the now cured inner cylinder N is slipped therein, after application of adhesive within the outer cylinder 0, as indicated by the stippling in Fig. 4. The application of adhesive to the inside of the cylinder 0 may be over its entire inner surface or over a less, but sufilcient, area to effect the desired'end of strong adherence. Fig. 4 shows the application of the inner cylinder to the outer cylinder, before complete assembly.

Adhesive may also'be placed between the bottoms It is also contemplated that adhesive may be movement (not unlike the leaves of a spring) between bottoms l9 and 3| and the interposition of the resulting small air pocket for some materials provides a stronger container.

Next, the outer shell 0 dries and shrinks onto the inner cylinder N, with the result that any side wall section, such as shown in Fig. 5, has as homogeneous a character as if the strip 2| had been wmmd around strip I. Thus, it will be seen that there is obtained a unitary cylindric con tainer, so far as strength is concerned, having an inwardly shouldered oiT-set at itsupper end for telescopic reception of the cover C. It should here be made clear that all layers of adhesive used are extremely thin, andthat the adhesive tends to penetrate paper and to form a keyed bond as indicated in Fig. 5.

A flatter bottom wall can be obtained by placing each shell N and 0, while moist from adhesive, on a flat surface and pressing down the bottoms l9 and 3| by suitable plungers. A similar pressure operation may also be performed after the two shells have been assembled and the bottoms I9 and 3| combined, or this operation may be used exclusively.

Fig. 6 illustrates another feature, which is the fact that the ends of all of the tabs become arranged along a diagonal 15, in every crosssection, thus tending to make the transition, from the increased number of layers near the cylinder wall to the smaller number of layers at the center of the head, more gradual, with a heater appearing result. The triangular forms of the tabs 1, with the inevitable overlapping in successive layers, enhances the effect of gradual transition. It should be understood that Fig. 6 is idealized, and that actually successive tiers of the tabs 1 may be staggered peripherally.

An advantageous feature of the invention is that the cured shell N, being smaller than the uncured shell 0, may be slipped therein with great ease, and thereafter the uncured shell cures and shrinks into an irremovable condition on the outside of the inner shell N. By this method, a very strong and permanent laminated container shell is efiected, having the form desired.

The procedure for forming the cover C is to convolutely wrap a still narrower paper strip 33, as shown in Fig. 3, on a third mandrel 35, said strip 33 having notches 3 providing tabs 1 which also extend axially from the end surface 31 of mandrel 35. Successive convolute loops of the strip 33 with interspaced adhesive are used in connection with successively applied paper discs 39, 39a, 39b, 39c, and 39d, the successive circles of tabs 1 being bent over and sandwiched by the discs (see also Fig. 7). Finally, a larger cover disc 4| is used for providing a neat appearance.

For equal strength the end of cover C should have a thickness which is about that of the combined ends l9 and 3| of the assembled shells N and 0. Hence, a series of discs 43 are applied internally, interspersed with adhesive to. form a strong laminatedstructure of desired thickness. After the cover C has been completed, it is allowed to cure, or dry, before being telescoped over the reduced end 45 of the combined shell N,

0. When it is telescoped the relationship shown in Fig. 8 exists. For final closure after loading, the adhesive tape 2 is used.

By way of example, the outside diameter of the mandrel 23 in Fig. 2'is made about equal to the outside diameter of shell N when the latter is wet.

This produces an outside shell 0 which will readily receive the inside shell N when the latter is dry, and upon shrinking will form a homogeneous structure such as shown in Fig. 5. Variations in dimensions are permissible within limits adapted to produce the desired effect. I

The outside diameter of the mandrel 35 is made about equal to the diameter of mandrel 23, or a little larger or smaller, depending upon the snugness of the telescoping fit desired between the inside of the cover C and the reduced end of the assembled shell N, 0. No adhesive is placed on the inside of the cover C upon closure, so that the container mayreadilybe reopened.

' at difierent distances from the center line of the If desired, the wet end 41 of the cover C may also be pressed against a flat surface by a piston or plug, as described in connection with the ends l8 and 3|, so that the lamiriations may be squeezed into a flatter condition, that is, the ends of the tabs in successive circuits or layers are container.

As shown in Fig. 7, the ends of the tabs 1 in Y the cover C also arranged themselves along a diagonal. Many advantages can be obtained by proceeding as above described in connection with the mandrel 9 and the wide strip I, and thereafter adding the narrow strip 2| by winding it directly onto the wound strip on the mandrel 9, thus producing a homogeneous wall, without the two-cylinder constructions above outlined.

An alternative form of the invention is shown in Fig. 9, wherein a preformed inner cylinder 5| is used, and this may be a wrapped convolute construction without the tabs, or similar construction suitable ,for the purpose. At the lower end of this cylinder 5| is a preformed disc 53 made of similar material, and preferably of a diameter equal to the outside diameter of the cylinder 5! As shown in Fig. 10, the cylinder 5| is slippedover a mandrel 55, and the disc 53 is placed against the end of it and a plain strip of paper 51 is then wound so as to attach itself both to the cylinder 5| and to the disc 53, adhesive being used for the purpose.

The strip 51 has no tabs, as in the form of the invention shown in Figs. 1-8, but has an edge lying flush with the outer surface of the disc 53.

Discs 59 are provided with radial tabs 6|.

These are provided with adhesive on the side 3 adjacent the disc 53 and attached to said disc, the tabs 6| being turned into axial position to adhere axially against the wound strip 51. Then, a successive convolute turn of the strip 51 is applied around the tabs BI, and a second disc 59a is applied, the strip 51 being led out from behind the applied circleof tabs by its edge passing through a space between two tabs 6|. This process is continued until the desired number of laminations is obtained.

As shown in Fig. 11, a disc 63 is placed against the end of a mandrel of equal diameter, and a strip of paper 61 applied to provide one revolution, the one edge of the paper fastening itself to the edge of the disc 63 by suitably applied adhesive. The successive discsBS, 69a, etc., are applied in the manner above described in connection with Fig. 10, so that the successive circuits of radial tabs 5| are interwoven with successive loops of the strip 61'. The finished efiect is illustrated in Fig. 9.

It should be understood that the cylinder 5| may itself be formed by winding on the mandrel, and the loops which compose it when thus made, may carry tabs which sandwich between separate discs which may be made to compose the disc 53. In other words, a construction such as is illustrated in the making in Fig. 1 may be combined with the outer construction shown in Fig. 9,

.paratively larger number of thin laminations,

both in the container wall, and in itsends, these for winding the successive cylindric laminations for providing head discs and tabs. For example, cloth may be used.

An important feature of the invention is the fact that the laminations are thin (01 paper thickness), so that a large number are used in a given thickness, with the result that, when a substantially rigid condition is reached (by multiplication of laminae), a stronger container is obtained.

In Fig. 12 is shown a form of the invention showing alternative details adapting it particularly for machine manufacture. Fig. 12 shows thesteps that correspond only to the steps of Fig. 1. The successive steps .corresponding to the steps shown in Figs. 2 and 3 have not'been shown, because they will be obvious from the following description. In Fig. 12 like numerals designate like parts.

The procedure shown in Fig. 12 is to leave bare of adhesive the first convolute loop of the material to go around the mandrel 9, with the exception of adhesive which is applied only to the extending first loop oftabs I. It is then possible to leave all adhesive off of the first bottom disc II. Then, when the tabs are bent over, the

adhesive thereon causes them to stick to the out-.

side of the disc II, to hold it.

On the successive convolute loops of material I, adhesive is applied all the way across, including the tabs, as indicated by the stippling in Fig. 12. Then disc H a is applied within the second loop of tabs, and these tabs are turned over said disc Ha. The disc Ila has adhesive on its inside (mandrel side), and thus holds to the out- 7 several hundred pounds, and that they are designed to be used as shipping containers. The construction is such that they equal or exceed the requirements of regulations for similar containers specified in the Consolidated Freight Classifications and in the regulations of the Interstate Commerce Commission covering dangerous articles, such' as explosives.

In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.

As many changes could be made in carrying out the above' constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

We claim:

1. A container comprising a. multi-ply body member anda multi-ply end member closing one end of the body member, the body member being formed of a continuous strip of material of paper thickness wound on itself and forming a wall of a predetermined number of plies, said end memher being formed of plies of material of paper side of disc II and the outside of the tabs 1 which have been .turned over said disc H. The remainder of the construction is carried out by repeating the operations on successive discs, such as I la.

The advantage of the procedure illustrated by Fig. 12 is that the outside of all discs ll, Ha,

etc., may be engaged by automatic suction holding apparatus for application to the end of the mandrel.

In Fig. 13 is shown a procedure which corresponds to that shownin Fig. 1, except that theadhesive which is applied to the strip is applied to the outside rather than to the inside. Like numerals designate like parts. It will be understood that, in Figs. 1-3 and 10-12, it is possible to use a dry calendering roll against the mandrel 9 after paper is rolled onto the mandrel. This is because the outside of the paper is dry. The 'calendering roll is not shown in the drawings, because the use of such rolls is known practice.

1 In the'case of Fig. 13, adhesive may be applied by 'a glue roll pressing against the mandrel 9 at or to the rear of the point where the paper is fed on, the glue roll also acting as a calenderingv roll if desired. The procedure otherwise is the same as 'in'Fig. 1. The purpose of Fig. 13 is primarily to illustrate the fact that the same thickness and which correspond in number to the number of plies of the body member, integral tabs projecting from and throughout the peripheral edge of each ply of one-of, said members thereby to form on each said ply a peripheral series of tabs, each series of tabs projecting between corresponding plies of the other member,

and said tabs and plies being adhesively secured throughout. i

2. A container comprising a multi-ply body member and a multi-ply end member closing one end of the body member, the body member being formed of a continuous strip of material of paper thickness wound on itself and forming a wall of a predetermined number of plies, said end member being formed of plies of material of paper thickness and which correspond in number to the number of plies of the body member, integral tabs projecting from and throughout the peripheral edge of each ply of one of said members thereby to form on each said ply a peripheral series of tabs, each series of tabs projecting between corresponding plies of the other member, the tabs of each series thereof being more or less staggered with relation to the tabs of adjacent series thereby to provide a relatively thin joint between the body and end members, and said tabs and plies being adhesively secured throughout.

3. A container comprising a multi-ply body member and a multi-ply end member closing one end of the body member, the body member being formed of a, continuous strip of material of paper thickness Wound on itself and forming a wall of a predetermined number of plies, said end member being formed of plies of material of paper thickness and which correspond in number to the number of plies of the body member, integral tabsprojecting from and throughout the peripheral edge of each ply of one ofsaid members thereby to form on each said ply a peripheral series of tabs, each series of tabs projecting between corresponding plies of the other member,

lply body member and a circular multi-ply member closing one end of the body member, thebody member being formed of a continuous stripof material of paper thickness wound on itself and forming a wall of a predeterminednumber of plies, said end member being formed of plies of material of paper thickness and which correspond in number to the number of plies of the body member, integral tabs projecting from and throughout the peripheral edge of each ply of the body member, thereby to form on each said ply edge a peripheral series of tabs, each series of tabs projecting between corresponding plies of the end member, and said tabs and plies being adhesively secured throughout.

5. A container comprising a cylindrical multi ply body member and a circular multi-ply member closing one end of the body member, the body member being formed of a continuous strip of material of paper thickness wound on itself and forming a wall of a predetermined number of plies, said end member being formed of plies of material of paper thickness and which correspond in number to the number of piles of the body member, integral tabs projecting from and throughout the peripheral edge of each ply of the body member, thereby to form on each said ply edge a peripheral series of tabs, each series of tabs projecting between corresponding piles of the end member, the tabs of each series thereof being more or less staggered with relation to I the tabs 01' adjacent series thereby to provide a relatively thin joint between the body and end members, and said tabs and plies being adhesively secured throughout.

6. A container comprising a cylindrical multiply body member and a circular multi-ply mem- .ber closing one end of the body member, the

body member being formed of a continuous strip oi material of paper thickness wound on itself and forming a wall of a predetermined number of plies, said end member being formed of piles of material of paper thickness and which correspondin number to the number of plies of the body member, integral tabs projecting from and throughout the peripheral edge of each ply of the body member. thereby to form on each said ply edge a peripheral series of tabs. each series of tabs projecting between corresponding piles of the end member, the tabs of each series thereof being moreorless staggered wlthrelationto thetabsofadjacentserleatheendsotthetabs oteachseriesthereofinrelatlontotheentof thetabsoisdjacentseriesbeingdiderentlyspleed from the center'oi' said end member, and said tabs and plies being adhesively secured throughout. 7

7. A container comprising a cylindrical multiply body member and a circular multi-ply end member closing one end-of the body member, the body member being formed of a continuous strip of material of papervthickness wound on itself and forming a wall ofa predetermined number of plies, said end memberbelng formed or plies of material of paper thickness and which correspond in number to the number of plies of the body member, integral tabs projecting from and throughout the peripheral edge of each ply of said end member thereby to form on each said ply aperipheral series of tabs, each series of tabs projecting between corresponding plies of the body member, and said tabs and plies being adhesively secured throughout.

8; A container comprising a cylindrical multiply -body member and a circular multi-ply end member closing one end of the body member. the body niember being formed or a continuous strip of material of paper thickness wound on itself and forming a wall of a predetermined number of plies, said end member being formed .01 piles of material of paper thickness and which correspond in number to the number of plies of the body member. integral tabs projecting from and throughout the peripheral edge or each ply of said end member thereby to form on each said ply a peripheral series of tabs, each series of tabs projecting, between corresponding piles of the body member, the tabs of each series thereof being more or less staggered with relation to'the tabs of adjacent series thereby to provide a relatlvely thin joint between the body and end members, and said tabs and plies being adhesively secured throughout.

9. A container comprising a cylindrical multiply body member and a circular multi-ply end member closing one end of the body member, the

spond in number to the number of piles of the body member, integral tabs projecting from and throughout the peripheral edge of eachlply or said end member thereby to form on each saidply a peripheral series 0! tabs, eachserles of tabs projecting between corresponding piles of the body member, the tabsv of each series thereof being more or less staggered with relation to the tabs of'sdjacent series, the ends of the tabs of each series thereof in relation to the ends of the tabs'of adjacent series being diiferently vspacedfromthecenterottheendmelnber,and

said tabs and piles beingsdheslvely secured CLARENCE J. VOQI.

nss'ritnisriruon'ron, v

Images