US224075A - Apparatus for extracting oil - Google Patents

Description

s. G. CLARK. Apparatus for Extracting Oil.

Patented Feb. 3, 1880 W7/410sses.

N-PETERS, FHOTO-LITHOGRAVHER, WASHINGTON D C.

g NITEQD STATES PATENT Prion.

SAMUEL c. CLARK, or CLEVELAND, 01110.

APPARATUS- FOR EXTRACTiNG OIL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Iletters Patent No. 224,075, dated February 3, 1880.

Application filed May .29, 1879.

- Cleveland, in the county of Guyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and Improved Mode and Apparatus for Extracting Oil from Oil-Bearin g Seeds; and 1 do hereby declare that the followin g is a full, clear, and complete description thereof. N

This invention relates to :an apparatus for conducting the process of extracting oil from seeds and other oleaginous material by the use of a liquid hydrocarbon asa solvent. Said solvent is usually naphtha, preferably benzine or gasoline, which has al most penetrating quality, and as a solvent, either in a liquid or gaseous form, for the purpose specified, acts with great energy and directly upon the. mate? rial from which the oil is to be extracted, and by which the largest product of oil is obtained.

. A full and complete description of the apparatus and. thepractical working of the same is as follows, reference being bad to theanneXed drawings to illustrate the same, in which i t Figure l is a side elevation of the apparatus. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section of a detached part of the apparatus. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the same.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts intheseveral views.

In thedrawings, A represents a receiver, preferably of a cylindrical form, and of any desirable holding capacity, according to the size of the apparatus. Said receiver consists of an outer shell, 13, Fig. 2, having centrally therein a receptacle or cylinder, 0, for holding the material to be treated.

The lower end of the receptacle is contracted or of funnel shape, and terminates in an outlet,.D. 1 The upper end of the receptacle is partially closed by the top of the shell, but open to the outside by the inlet E.

-Betwcen the shell and the receptacle is an annular space or chamber,.a, the purpose of which will presently be shown.

In the lower end of the receptacle is a coil of pipe, F. Immediately above the said coil of pipe is a perforated diaphragm, G, forming a bottom to the receptacle. Said diaphragm is divided through the middle, thereby making a two-part diaphragm. To each part is respectively secured (in the line of its diameter) a pivotal shaft, on which each section of the diaphragm is suspended in the receptacle, and is turned thereon, respectively, by the cranks H. Said sections of the diaphragm open downward,as indicated by the dotted lines I), Fig.2.

1, Fig. 1, is a chamber, in which is an arrangement of serpentine pipes, J. A part of the side of the chamberis represented as broken away that the pipes may be seen. Immediately below the chamber I is a water-tank, K, in which is also a serpentine arrangement of pipes, L, which is a continuation of the pipes in the chamber I.

The lower end of the arrangement of pipes J and Ltermina-tes in the receptacle 0 at the point I) by means of the pipe L, being a continuation of the pipes L J. The opposite end ,of the serpentine arrangement of pipes terminates in the upper end of the receptacle 0 by means of the pipe J, which is an extension of the pipes in the chamber I. The connection of the said pipes with the receptacle is shown in Fig. 2. Both ends of the pipe, near their. connection with the receptacle, are provided with a stop-cock, respectively, 0 and d.

The lower end of the receptacle is put in connection with an oil-receiver, M, Fig. 1, by a pipe, N, which is also provided with a stopcock, 6. l

The oil-receiver alluded to is inclosed in a jacket or case, 0, a portion of the side of which is broken away that the receiver may be seen. Between the jacket or case and the receiver is a space, 0. Said space surrounds the four sides of the receiver, there being no space at the ends. i

, At the side of the receptacle is attached a condenser, P, which is put in connection therewith by a pipe, Q, Fig. 1.

On the bottom'of the condenser is a cup,R, in which the end of the pipe Q terminates.

A is also a condenser, put in connection with the oilreceiver Mby means of a pipe, B. At the bottom of said condenser is a cup, 0, in which one end of the :pipe 13 terminates,

while the opposite end terminatesin the oil-- receiver. V

The condensers I and A ar-esubstantially alike. A portion of the side of each is represented as broken away, that the cups there 'in may be seen.

The practical operation of the abovedescribed apparatus is substantially as follows: Crushed linseed or otheroleaginous seeds or material from which the oil is to be extracted are filled into the chamberor cylinder through the opening E. When the chamber is charged the opening is tightly closed; also, the manhole D. The condensing-pipes in the chamber I and tank K are filled, or nearly so, with a solvent-as naphtha, benzine, or any of the light petroleum distillatesby which the contents of the receptacle or cylinder are satii rated by opening the cock 0, thereby allowing the solvent to pass into the cylinder and permeate the material in the chamber, a small portion of which solvent will pass into the space below the diaphragm, carrying with it more or less oil.

When the contents of the cylinder are permeated with the solvent the cocks c and d are closed, thereby shutting off a further fiow of the solvent into the cylinder. At this stage in' the operation the annular space surrounding the cylinder is filled with steam, the heat from which quickens the action of the solvent upon the material, and which is raised by it to a high degree of temperature, causing a vaporizing of the solvent in proportion to the intensity of the steam. The vapor is not permitted to escape at this point, but is retained in the cylinder under pressure generated until the material is completely disintegrated by the action of the solvent and vapor and the separated oil begins to accumulate in the space below the diaphragm. At this time the cock d is opened and the vapor allowed to pass over into the condensing-pipes in the chambers I and tank for being reclaimed. The heat is continued for vaporizing the solvent until the oil and the material from which it has been separated are free therefrom, this condition being ascertained by drawing off the oil at a suitable point and testing.

The oil as it accumulates in the space below the diaphragm fiows therefrom through the pipe N into the tank or receiver M, wherein it is further subjected to the vaporizing influence of heat from steam admitted into the spaces around the receiver through the pipe K from steam-generator M. This second application of heat to the oil is to remove therefrom any traces of the solvent that may remain therein.

In the event there is an elimination of vapor from the oil it passes over through the pipe B into the condenser A, filled with wa ter t0 the dotted line b. WVater is inducted into the condenser through the pipe F, and

discharged continuously therefrom by thepipe.

G. The vapor that passes over from the receiverM into the condenser is discharged into the water and thereby condensed, as, being lighter than the water, it ascends into the vacant space at the top of 'the condenser, from which it is taken through the cock H.

a The object of discharging the vaporinto the cup 0 at the bottom of the condenser is to prevent it from passing out with the water through the eduetion-pipe G, which it would beliable to do if discharged loosely in the body of the water and near the bottom.

It will be observed that the rim of the cup is above the outlet; hence the vapor discharged therein and condensed will fiow from the cup above'the outlet; therefore it cannot pass out with the water through the pipe G. The oil when thus purified is drawn from the TeceiverM through the cock I.

The purpose of the coil of pipe F in the lower end of the receptacle is to keep up the heat of the oil as it flows from the receptacle or cylinder on its way to the oil-reeeiver M. The coil is heated by steam, which it receives from the steam-space surrounding the cylinder. Both ends of the coil terminate therein, as seen in Fig. 2.

The action of the hydrocarbon liquid upon the contents of the cylinder is facilitated by pressure. This pressure is a resultant from contents thereof more or less, according to the heat of the steam. In the event the pressure is excessive the cylinder is relieved therefrom by a safety-valve, q, in the pipe Q, which allows a portion of the vaporized solvent to pass over therefrom into the condenser P, filled with water to the line m, into which it is dis charged, first into the cup R, for the purpose substantially as herein described, of the condenser A. The operation and the results of both condensers being the same, it is to be understood that valves 0 and dare at this time closed.

By means of the safety-valve the pressure regulated and maintained during the process. In the incipient stage of the treatment of the contents of the cylinder some air accumulates in the upper part'ot' the cylinder, which is allowed to escape therefrom through the pipe a into the condenser P, which, if permitted to remain, would interrupt (more or less) the pressure.

The vaporized solvent passing over from the cylinder into the condensing-pipes in the chamher I (which, to facilitate the condensation of the vapor, is filled with cold water) is therein nearly, if not quite, converted into a liquid, its original state. The condensation of the vapor is fully effected in the condensing-pipes L, contained in the tank K, which is filled with cold salt water, the excessive coldness of which fully completes the condensation of the vapor, to be again used for saturating another charge of material in the receptacle, and for rechargin g the contents of the cylinder in the event the oil is not wholly extracted by the first treatment, which fact is ascertained by anrexthe heat of the steam in the annular stean1-. space a about the'cylinder, which expands the necessary to perfect the end desired can be amination of the oil as it flows fromthe cylinder, a test-cock being placed in the eductionpipe N for that purpose.

The residuum or meal in the receptacle is removed therefrom by dumping it into the space below the diaphragm, from which it is discharged to the outside through theopenin g D. To this end the pipe N is detached and the covering of the opening removed. The dumping alluded to is effected by the cranks H, which on being turned in the proper direction drop the two parts of the diaphragm to the position indicated by the dotted line I), Fig. 2, which, as a consequence, precipitates the contents of the cylinder down upon the coil F and through the outlet D.

Instead of discharging the contents of the receptacle through the outlet D, it maybe removed therefrom through the manhole D, which under some circumstances may be preferable.

In the event the oil is not wholly deodorized in the receiver M by vaporizing therefrom the solvent, an induced current of air is passed into the receiver through the pipe N by injecting steam into the pipe B through the pipe 0 from generator M. The steam thus forced into the pipe drives the contentsof the condenser out through the pipe G, thereby forming a partial vacuum in the receiver, causin g the air to rush in through pipe N, agitating the oil and efiecting a more complete cleansing thereof from the presence of hydrocarbon solvent.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. In an apparatus for extracting oil from oleaginous substances, a stationary jacketed cylinder or receptacle provided with a hinged two-part perforated dumping plate or grate,

constituting a diaphragm in said cylinder, whereon the substance to be treated therein is to be placed, and also having a funnel-shaped bottom inclosing a coil of pipe and an inlet and outlet, E D, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of the receptacle O, connectin g-pipe N, the jacketed receiver M, steampipe K, and generator M, induction air-pipe N, pipe 13, steam-pipe O, condenser A, provided with cup 0', all substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination of the receptacle 0, condenser P, having within it the cup R, the top of which is above the lower end of pipe Q and above the outlet of the cylinder, the pipe Q,

inlet and outlet vapor-pipes, and pipe at, the

whole constructed and arranged as described.

4. In an apparatus for extracting oil from oleaginous substances, the arrangement and combination of the receptacle 0, constructed as described and provided with the double dumping-grate G and steam-coil F, condensing'pipes J and L, with their respective connections with the said receptacle, condenser P, in its relation to the receptacle 0 and its connections therewith, receiver M, with its inlet and outlet pipes K, N, and B, and condenser A, all constructed and adapted to 0perate consecutively in relation to each other,

as described, and for the purposes specified.

SAMUEL G. CLARK.

Witnesses W.'H. BURRIDGE, OHAs. J. BOWELL.

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